KEY

P = permanent resident or year-round visitor
S = summer visitor or breeder
W = winter visitor or breeder
M = spring or fall migrant/wanderer/transient

c = common to abundant (likely to be seen on every outing in appropriate habitat)
f = fairly common, not uncommon, or of irregular occurrence
u = uncommon (low density in habitat and not often seen) or of irregular occurrence
r = rare (probably present but in very small numbers) or occurs seldom

i = isolated populations (local; occurs in some appropriate habitat but not others)
acc  = accidental (vagrant; straggler; out of normal range and few observations)
X = extinct or extirpated from Japan
F = feral (introduced and breeding)
E = endemic species
? = possible or suspect record(s)
* = see footnotes

Japanese names are entirely phonetic; but remember that there are no diphthongs-- each vowel is pronounced separately, including double vowels. Japanese vowels are as in fAther, skI, rUe, grEat, fOe.

Status and distribution based on The Birds of Japan, Mark Brazil, Christopher Helm (London 1991), and Birds of East Asia, Mark Brazil, Christopher Helm (London 2009).

1 = Hokkaido and associated islands
2 = northern Honshu and associated islands (inc. Hegura), down to Jahn's Line, or the Kanto Plain, roughly
3 = western Honshu and associated islands (inc. Tsushima and the Izu Islands), from Jahn's Line south and west
4 = Kyushu, Shikoku and associated islands
5 = the Nansei Shoto, from Amami Island to the Yaeyama Islands
6 = the eastern islands: the Ogasawara and Iwo Islands

Kiji, (Pheasants and Quails), Phasianidae
 ___, Uzura, (Japanese Quail), Coturnix japonica,   uiS1-2; uiMW2-5
 ___, Kojukei, (Chinese Bamboo Partridge), Bambusicola thoracicus,   F cP2-4
 ___, Yamadori, (Copper Pheasant), Syrmaticus soemmerringii,   uP2-4
 ___, Koorai-kiji, (Common Pheasant), Phasianus colchicus,   ciP1-3
 ___, Kiji, (Green Pheasant), Phasianus versicolor,   fP2-4
 ___, Indo-kujaku, (Indian Peafowl), Pavo cristatus,  F Pi5 

Raichoo, (Ptarmigans and Grouse), Tetraonidae
 ___, Ezo-raichoo, (Hazel Grouse), Bonasa bonasia,   uiP1
 ___, Raichoo, (Rock Ptarmigan), Lagopus mutus,   uiP2-3

Gan to Kamo, (Geese and Ducks), Anatidae
 ___, Ryukyu-gamo, (Lesser Tree Duck), Dendrocygna javanica,   acc5
 ___, Kobu-hakuchoo, (Mute Swan), Cygnus olor,   F ciP1-2
 ___, Ko-hakuchoo, (Tundra Swan), Cygnus columbianus,   M1; ciW2; acc3-5
 ___, Oo-hakuchoo, (Whooper Swan), Cygnus cygnus,   ciW1-4; acc5-6
 ___, Naki-hakuchoo, (Trumpeter Swan), Cygnus buccinator,   acc2
 ___, Sakatsura-gan, (Swan Goose), Anser cygnoides,   rW1-4; acc5
 ___, *Hishikui, (Taiga Bean Goose), Anser (fabalis) fabalis,   ciW1-4; acc5-6
 ___, *Ko-hishikui, (Tundra Bean Goose), Anser (fabalis) serrirostris,   uiW1-4; acc5-6
 ___, Ma-gan, (Greater White-fronted Goose), Anser albifrons,   ciW1-4; acc5-6
 ___, Karigane, (Lesser White-fronted Goose), Anser erythropus,  rM1; rW2-4
 ___, Haiiro-gan, (Greylag Goose), Anser anser,   rW1-5
 ___, Indo-gan, (Bar-headed Goose), Anser indicus,   acc
 ___, Haku-gan, (Snow Goose), Anser caerulescens,   rW1-4
 ___, Mikado-gan, (Emperor Goose), Anser canagicus,   acc
 ___, Shijuukara-gan, (Canada Goose), Branta canadensis,   acc
 ___, Sho-shijuukara-gan, (Cackling Goose), Branta hutchinsii, rW1-2
 ___, Koku-gan, (Brent Goose), Branta bernicla,   uiW1-4; acc5
 ___, Aka-tsukushi-gamo, (Ruddy Shelduck), Tadorna ferruginea,   acc1-2&5; rW3-4
 X__, Kanmuri-tsukushi-gamo, (Crested Shelduck), Tadorna cristata,  (rW1-2)
 ___, Tsukushi-gamo, (Common Shelduck), Tadorna tadorna,   acc1-3&5; ciW4
 ___, Kobu-gamo, (Comb Duck), Sarkadiornis melanotos,   acc
 ___, Nankinoshi, (Cotton Pygmy Goose), Nettapus coromandelianus,   acc5
 ___, Oshidori, (Mandarin Duck), Aix galericulata,   uiS1-5; uiW2-5; acc6
 ___, Hidori-gamo, (Eurasian Wigeon), Anas penelope,   cM1-2; ciW2-5; acc6
 ___, Amerika-hidori, (American Wigeon), Anas americana,   rW2-5
 ___, Yoshi-gamo, (Falcated Teal), Anas falcata,   fiS1; fW1-5
 ___, Oka-yoshi-gamo, (Gadwall), Anas strepera,   uS1; fW2-4; r5-6
 ___, Tomoe-gamo, (Baikal Teal), Anas formosa,   acc1&6; uiW2-5
 ___, Ko-gamo, (Common Teal), Anas crecca,   cWrS1-5; uW6
 ___, Amerika-ko-gamo, (Green-winged Teal), Anas carolinensis,   acc
 ___, Ma-gamo, (Mallard), Anas platyrhynchos,   fS1-2; cMW1-5
 ___, *Amerika-gamo, (American Black Duck), Anas rubripes,   acc
 ___, Karu-gamo, (Eastern Spot-billed Duck), Anas zonorhyncha,   uS1&6; cP2-5
 ___, Mikajikishimaaji, (Blue-winged Teal), Anas discors,   acc3 
 ___, Akanado-karu-gamo, (Philippine Duck), Anas luzonica,   acc5
 ___, Onaga-gamo, (Northern Pintail), Anas acuta,   cW1-4; uW5-6
 ___, Shima-aji, (Garganey), Anas querquedula,   uMrW1-6
 ___, Hashibiro-gamo, (Northern Shoveler), Anas clypeata,   fMW1-5; rW6
 ___, Akahashi-hajiro, (Red-crested Pochard), Netta rufina,   accW
 ___, Oo-hoshi-hajiro, (Canvasback), Aythya valisneria,   accW
 ___, Hoshi-hajiro, (Common Pochard), Aythya ferina,   rS1; cW2-4; rW5
 ___, Amerika-hoshi-hajiro, (Redhead), Aythya americana,   accW
 ___, Kubiwa-kinkuro, (Ring-necked Duck), Aythya collaris,   accW
 ___, Aka-hajiro, (Baer's Pochard), Aythya baeri,   rW1-4
 ___, Mejiro-gamo, (Ferruginous Duck), Aythya nyroca,   accW
 ___, Kinkuro-hajiro, (Tufted Duck), Aythya fuligula,   cMW1-4;  uW5-6
 ___, Suzu-gamo, (Greater Scaup), Aythya marila,   cW1-4; uW5-6
 ___, Ko-suzu-gamo, (Lesser Scaup), Aythya affinis,   accW
 ___, Hon-kewata-gamo, (Common Eider), Somateria mollissima,   accW1
 ___, Kewata-gamo, (King Eider), Somateria spectabilis,   accW1
 ___, Ko-kewata-gamo, (Steller's Eider), Polysticta stelleri,   uiW1; accW2-4
 ___, Shin-ori-gamo, (Harlequin Duck), Histrionicus histrionicus,   cW1-2; rW3-5
 ___, Ko-ori-gamo, (Long-tailed Duck), Clangula hyemalis,   cW1; rW2; acc4
 ___, Kuro-gamo, (Black Scoter), Melanitta americana,   cW1; fW2; acc3-4
 ___, Aranami-kinkuro, (Surf Scoter), Melanitta perspicillata,   accW
 ___, Biroodo-kinkuro, (White-winged Scoter), Melanitta deglandi,   cW1; rW2-4
 ___, Hime-hajiro, (Bufflehead), Bucephala albeola,   accW1-2
 ___, Hoojiro-gamo, (Common Goldeneye), Bucephala clangula,   fW1-2; uW3-4
 ___, Kita-hoojiro-gamo, (Barrow's Goldeneye), Bucephala islandica,  acc2
 ___, Miko-aisa, (Smew), Mergellus albellus,   fiW1-2; rW3-5
 ___, Umi-aisa, (Red-breasted Merganser), Mergus serrator,   fW1-2; uW3-4; acc5-6
 ___, Koorai-aisa, (Chinese Merganser), Mergus squamatus,   accW2-3
 ___, Kawa-aisa, (Common Merganser), Mergus merganser,   uS1; ciW1-2; uW3-4; acc5

Abi-moku, (Divers), Gaviidae
 ___, Abi, (Red-throated Diver), Gavia stellata,   M1-2; uW3-4
 ___, Oohamu, (Black-throated Diver), Gavia arctica,   uW
 ___, Shiroeri-oohamu, (Pacific Diver), Gavia pacifica,   cW
 ___, Hashiguro-abi, (Great Northern Diver), Gavia immer,   acc2
 ___, Hashijiro-abi, (White-billed Diver), Gavia adamsii,   rW1-2

Ahoodori-moku, (Albatrosses), Diomedeidae
 ___, Kuroashi-ahoodori, (Black-footed Albatross), Phoebastria (Diomedea) nigripes,  cSuW1-4; cW5-6
 ___, Ko-ahoodori, (Laysan Albatross), Phoebastria (Diomedea) immutabilis,   cP
 ___, Ahoodori, (Short-tailed Albatross), Phoebastria (Diomedea) albatrus,   rW
 ___, Watari-ahoodori, (Wandering Albatross), Diomedea exulans,   acc

Agidori-moku, (Petrels and Shearwaters), Procellariidae
 ___, Furuma-kamome, (Northern Fulmar), Fulmaris glacialis,   cW1-2
 ___, Madara-kamome, (Cape Petrel), Daption capense,   acc2
 ___, Hajiro-mizunagidori, (Solander's/Providence Petrel), Pterodroma solandri,   acc
 ___, Kawari-shirohara-mizunagidori, (Kermadec Petrel), Pterodroma neglecta,   acc
 ___, Oo-shirohara-mizunagidori, (Juan Fernandez Petrel), Pterodroma externa,   acc
 ___, Kubiwa-oo-shirohara-mizunagidori, (White-necked Petrel), Pterodroma cervicalis,   r5
 ___, Hawai-shirohara-mizunagidori, (Hawaiian Petrel), Pterodroma sandwichensis,   acc
 ___, Madara-shirohara-mizunagidori, (Mottled Petrel), Pterodroma inexpectata,   acc
 ___, *Hajiro-shirohara-mizunagidori, (Cook's Petrel), Pterodroma cookii,   acc
 ___, *Usuhime-shirohara-mizunagidori, (Pycroft's Petrel), Pterodroma pycrofti,   acc
 ___, *Munafu-shirohara-mizunagidori, (Herald Petrel), Pterodroma heraldica,   acc
 ___, *Usuhajiro-mizunagidori, (Murphy's Petrel), Pterodroma ultima,   acc
 ___, Shirohara-mizunagidori, (Bonin Petrel), Pterodroma hypoleuca,   acc1-5; fiW 6
 ___, Haguro-shirohara-mizunagidori, (Black-winged Petrel), Pterodroma nigripennis,   acc
 ___, Hime-shirohara-mizunagidori, (Stejneger's Petrel), Pterodroma longirostris,   r2; acc3-5
 ___, Anadori, (Bulwer's Petrel), Bulweria bulwerii,   acc2-4; uS5; fP6
 ___, Oo-mizunagidori, (Streaked Shearwater), Calonectris leucomelas,   cS; u1; uW2-5
 ___, Akaashi-mizunagidori, (Flesh-footed Shearwater), Puffinus carneipes,   fM
 ___, Onaga-mizunagidori, (Wedge-tailed Shearwater), Puffinus pacificus,   acc2-5; ciP6
 ___, Minami-onaga-mizunagidori, (New Zealand Shearwater), Puffinus bulleri,   acc
 ___, Haiiro-mizunagidori, (Sooty Shearwater), Puffinus griseus,   cS1-5
 ___, Hashiboso-mizunagidori, (Slender-billed/Short-tailed Shearwater), Puffinus tenuirostris,  cMS1-5
 ___, Ko-mizunagidori, (Christmas Island Shearwater), Puffinus nativitatis,   acc
 ___, *Mankusu-mizunagidori, (Manx Shearwater), Puffinus puffinus,   acc
 ___, *Hime-mizunagidori, (Little Shearwater), Puffinus assimilis,   acc
 ___, Seguro-mizunagidori, (Tropical Shearwater), Puffinus (bailloni) bannermani,    acc5; u6

Umitsubame-moku, (Storm Petrels), Hydrobatidae
 ___, Ashinaga-umitsubame, (Wilson's Storm Petrel), Oceanites oceanicus,   acc
 ___, *Kuro-obi-shirohara-ashinaga-umitsubame, (Black-bellied Storm Petrel), Fregatta tropica,   acc 
 ___, *Shirohara-ashinaga-umitsubame, (White-bellied Storm Petrel), Fregatta grallaria,   acc
 ___, Ko-umitsubame, (Least Storm Petrel), Oceanodroma (Halocyptena) microsoma,   acc
 ___, Haiiro-umitsubame, (Fork-tailed Storm Petrel), Oceanodroma furcata,   rMW1; acc2-6
 ___, Koshijiro-umitsubame, (Leach's Storm Petrel), Oceanodroma leucorhoa,   ciS1; uM2-6
 ___, Hime-kuro-umitsubame, (Swinhoe's Storm Petrel), Oceanodroma monorhis,   uS1-4
 ___, Kuro-koshijiro-umitsubame, (Band-rumped Storm Petrel), Oceanodroma castro,   cS2
 ___, Kuro-umitsubame, (Matsudaira's Storm Petrel), Oceanodroma matsudairae,   acc2-5; ci6
 ___, Oosuton-umitsubame, (Tristram's Storm Petrel), Oceanodroma tristrami,   cS2-4; ciW6

Kaitsuburi-moku, (Grebes), Podicipedidae
 ___, Kaitsuburi, (Little Grebe), Tachybaptus ruficollis,   cS1; cP2-6
 ___, Kanmuri-kaitsuburi, (Great Crested Grebe), Podiceps cristatus,   rS2; cW2-5
 ___, Akaeri-kaitsuburi, (Red-necked Grebe), Podiceps grisegena,   uS1; fW1-4
 ___, Mimi-kaitsuburi, (Horned Grebe), Podiceps auritus,   rW1-4
 ___, Hajiro-kaitsuburi, (Eared Grebe), Podiceps nigricollis,   uW1-5

Nettachioo-moku, (Tropicbirds), Phaethontidae
 ___, Akao-nettachioo, (Red-tailed Tropicbird), Phaethon rubricauda,   acc2-4; uS5-6
 ___, Shirao-nettachioo, (White-tailed Tropicbird), Phaethon lepturus,   acc2-6

Koonotori, (Storks), Ciconiidae
 ___, Nabe-koo, (Black Stork), Ciconia nigra,   acc
 ___, Ko-onotori, (Eastern White Stork), Ciconia boyciana,   rMW

Toki, (Ibises and Spoonbills), Threskiornithidae
 X__, *Toki, (Japanese Crested Ibis), Nipponia nippon,   (P1-5)
 ___, Kuro-toki, (Oriental White Ibis), Threskiornis melanocephalus,   acc1; rW2-5
 ___, Buronzu-toki, (Glossy Ibis), Plegadis falcinellus,   acc4-5
 ___, Herasagi, (White Spoonbill), Platalea leucorodia,   acc1-3&6; rW4-5
 ___, Kurotsura-herasagi, (Black-faced Spoonbill), Platalea minor,   rW1-5

Sagi, (Herons and Bitterns), Ardeidae
 ___, Sankano-goi, (Great Bittern), Botaurus stellaris,   riS1-2; uiW3-5
 ___, Yoshi-goi, (Yellow Bittern), Ixobrychus sinensis,   ciSrW1-4; uM5-6
 ___, Oo-yoshi-goi, (Schrenck's Bittern), Ixobrychus eurhythmus,   uiS1-2; rM3-5
 ___, Ryukyu-yoshi-goi, (Cinnamon Bittern), Ixobrychus cinnamomeus,   ciP5; acc6
 ___, Takasago-kuro-sagi, (Black Bittern), Dupetor flavicollis,   acc
 ___, Mizo-goi, (Japanese Night Heron), Gorsachius goisagi,   rWM1&6; uiP2-5
 ___, Zuguro-mizo-goi, (Malayan Night Heron), Gorsachius melanolophus,   ui5
 ___, Goi-sagi, (Black-crowned Night Heron), Nycticorax nycticorax,   rSM1; cP2-4; fP5-6
 X__, Hashibuto-goi, (Rufous Night Heron), Nycticorax caledonicus,   (P6)
 ___, Sasa-goi, (Striated Heron), Butorides striata,   acc1; fS2-4; uMW4-5
 ___, Akagashira-sagi, (Chinese Pond Heron), Ardeola bacchus,   rMS1-6
 ___, Ama-sagi, (Eastern Cattle Egret), Bulbulcus coromandus,   rS1;  ciS2-4;  ciW3-5;  fP6
 ___, Karashira-sagi, (Chinese Egret), Egretta eulophotes,   rM1-4; rMW5
 ___, Kuro-sagi, (Pacific Reef Egret), Egretta sacra,   cP2-5
 ___, Ko-sagi, (Little Egret), Egretta garzetta,   rS1; cP2-4; W5; fP6
 ___, Chuu-sagi, (Intermediate Egret), Mesophoyx intermedia,   rS1; ciS2-4; uW2-5; acc6
 ___, Dai-sagi, (Eastern Great Egret), Casmerodius (albus) modestus,   rS1; uP2-4; fP6
 ___, Yoroppa-dai-sagi, (Western Great Egret), Casmerodius (albus) albus,   acc?
 ___, Ao-sagi, (Grey Heron), Ardea cinerea,   ciP1-5; acc6
 ___, Murasaki-sagi, (Purple Heron), Ardea purpurea,   accS1-4&6; uiP5

Gunkandori, (Frigatebirds), Fregatidae
 ___, Oo-gunkandori, (Great Frigatebird), Fregata minor,   acc2-4; uS5-6
 ___, Ko-gunkandori, (Lesser Frigatebird), Fregata ariel,   rS1-5
 ___, Shirohara-gunkandori, (Christmas Island Frigatebird), Fregata andrewsi,   acc

Perikan-moku, (Pelicans), Pelecanidae,
 ___, Momoiro-perikan, (Eastern White Pelican), Pelecanus onocrotalus,   acc5
 ___, Haiiro-perikan, (Spot-billed Pelican), Pelecanus philippensis,   acc
 ___, Garanchoo, (Dalmatian Pelican), Pelecanus crispus,   acc

Katsuodori-moku, (Boobies), Sulidae
 ___, Akaashi-katsuodori, (Red-footed Booby), Sula sula,   acc2-4;  riS5;  u6
 ___, Aotsura-katsuodori, (Masked Booby), Sula dactylatra,   acc2-4&6; uiS5
 ___, Katsuodori, (Brown Booby), Sula leucogaster,   ciP3-6

U, (Cormorants), Phalacrocoracidae
 ___, Kawa-u, (Great Cormorant), Phalacrocorax carbo,   rS1; ciP2-4; rW5-6
 ___, Umi-u, (Temminck's Cormorant), Phalacrocorax capillatus,   ciP1-4; r5-6
 ___, Hime-u, (Pelagic Cormorant), Phalacrocorax pelagicus,   ciP1-2; fW3-4
 ___, Chishima-ugarasu, (Red-faced Cormorant), Phalacrocorax urile,   ri1; acc2-3
 ___, Shirohara-kobito-u, (Little Pied Cormorant), Phalacrocorax melanoleucus,   acc

Misago, (Osprey), Pandionidae
 ___, Misago, (Osprey), Pandion haliaetus,   uiS1; ciP2-4; r5

Taka to Washi, (Hawks and Eagles), Accipitridae
 ___, Hachikuma, (Oriental Honey Buzzard), Pernis orientalis,   rS1; uiS2; ciMrW3-4; rM5
 ___, Kataguro-tobi, (Black-shouldered Kite), Elanus caeruleus,   acc5
 ___, Tobi, (Black-eared Kite), Milvus lineatus,   cP1-4;  acc5
 ___, Ojiro-washi, (White-tailed Eagle), Haliaeetus albicilla,   fWrS1; uW2; rW3; acc4-6
 ___, Oo-washi, (Steller's Sea Eagle), Haliaeetus pelagicus,   ciW1; rW2-4; acc5
 ___, Kurohage-washi, (Monk Vulture), Aegypius monachus,   accW
 E__, Kanmuri-washi, (Ryukyu Serpent Eagle), Spilornis (cheela) perplexus,   N fiP5
 ___, Haiiro-chuuhi, (Hen Harrier), Circus (cyaneus) cyaneus,   uW1-2; rW3-4; acc5-6
 ___, *Amerika-haiiro-chuuhi, (Northern Harrier), Circus (cyaneus) hudsonius,   acc
 ___, Madara-chuuhi, (Pied Harrier), Circus melanoleucos,   acc3-5
 ___, Chuuhi, (Eastern Marsh Harrier), Circus spilonotus,   uS1-2; uW2-4; rW5; acc6
 ___, Europpa-chuuhi, (Western Marsh Harrier), Circus aeruginosus,   acc3
 ___, *Usuhairo/Munajiro-chuuhi, (Pallid Harrier), Circus macrourus,   acc
 ___, *Himehairo-chuuhi, (Montagu's Harrier), Circus pygargus,   acc
 ___, Akahara-daka, (Chinese Sparrowhawk), Accipiter soloensis,   ciM4-6
 ___, Tsumi, (Japanese Sparrowhawk), Accipiter gularis,   uS1-4; rWuM2-5; acc6
 ___, Hai-taka, (Eurasian Sparrowhawk), Accipiter nisus,   rP1; fP2-4; uM5
 ___, Oo-taka, (Northern Goshawk), Accipiter gentilis,   fP1-3; rW4-6
 ___, Sashiba, (Grey-faced Buzzard), Butastur indicus,   fSM2-5; cW5
 ___, Nosuri, (Eastern Buzzard), Buteo japonicus,   fS1; fP2-3; fMW4-5; uP6
 ___, Oo-nosuri, (Upland Buzzard), Buteo hemilasius,   acc2-5
 ___, Keashi-nosuri, (Rough-legged Buzzard), Buteo lagopus,   uW1; acc2-5
 ___, Karafuto-washi, (Greater Spotted Eagle), Aquila clanga,   acc1-5
 ___, Mesoogen-washi, (Steppe Eagle), Aquila nipalensis,   acc; 22 Jan 2000 in Shizuoka
 ___, Katashiro-washi, (Imperial Eagle), Aquila heliaca,   accMW2-5
 ___, Inu-washi, (Golden Eagle), Aquila chrysaetos,   acc1; riP2-4
 ___, Kuma-taka, (Mountain Hawk Eagle), Nisaetus nipalensis,   uP1; fP2-4; acc5

Hayabusa, (Falcons), Falconidae
 ___, Hime-choogenboo, (Lesser Kestrel), Falco naumanni,   acc4-5
 ___, Choogenboo, (Eurasian Kestrel), Falco tinnunculus,   uW1-5; rS2-3; acc6
 ___, Akaashi-choogenboo, (Amur Red-footed Falcon), Falco amurensis,   accM1-4
 ___, Ko-choogenboo, (Merlin), Falco columbarius,   uW1-5
 ___, Chigo-hayabusa, (Northern Hobby), Falco subbuteo,   fS1-2; uM2-4; rW3-4; acc5
 ___, Shiro-hayabusa, (Gyrfalcon), Falco rusticolus,   rW1
 ___, Hayabusa, (Peregrine Falcon), Falco peregrinus,   uP1-3; uW4-5

Nogan, (Bustards), Otididae
 ___, Hime-nogan, (Little Bustard), Tetrax tetrax,   acc4
 ___, Nogan, (Great Bustard), Otis tarda,   accW1-5

Kuina, (Rails), Rallidae
 ___, Oo-kuina, (Slaty-legged Crake,) Rallina eurizonoides,   rP5
 ___, Kuina, (Eastern Water Rail), Rallus indicus,   uiP2
 E__, Yambaru-kuina, (Okinawa Rail), Gallirallus okinawae,   fiP5
 ___, Hime-kuina, (Baillon's Crake), Porzana pusilla,   uiS1-2; rMW3-5
 X__, Mamijiro-kuina, (White-browed Crake), Porzana cinerea,   (P6)
 ___, Hi-kuina, (Ruddy-breasted Crake), Porzana fusca,   cS1-2; cSuW3-4; cP5
 ___, Kouri-hi-kuina, (Band-bellied Crake), Porzana paykullii,  acc1
 ___, Shima-kuina, (Swinhoe's Yellow Rail), Coturnicops exquisitus,   rMW1-5
 ___, Shirohara-kuina, (White-breasted Waterhen), Amaurornis phoenicurus,   r1-4&6; cP5
 ___, Ban, (Common Moorhen), Gallinula chloropus,   uS1; cS2; fP3-5
 ___, Tsuru-kuina, (Watercock), Gallicrex cinerea,   rM1-4&6; cP5
 ___, Oo-ban, (Eurasian Coot), Fulica atra,   uiS1; ciP2; uiW3-6

Tsuru, (Cranes), Gruidae
 ___, Kuro-zuru, (Common Crane), Grus grus,   accW1-5
 ___, Nabe-zuru, (Hooded Crane), Grus monacha,   ciW3-4; acc1-2
 ___, Kanada-zuru, (Sandhill Crane), Grus canadensis,   accW1-4
 ___, Mana-zuru, (White-naped Crane), Grus vipio,   ciW4;  acc1-3,5
 ___, Tanchoo, (Red-crowned Crane), Grus japonensis,   ciP1;  acc2-4
 ___, Sodeguro-zuru, (Siberian White Crane), Grus leucogeranus,   accMW1-5
 ___, Aneha-zuru, (Demoiselle Crane), Grus virgo,   acc1-4

Mifu-uzura, (Buttonquails), Turnicidae
 ___, Mifu-uzura, (Barred Buttonquail), Turnix suscitator,   fP5

Miyakodori, (Oystercatchers), Haematopodidae
 ___, Miyakodori, (Eurasian Oystercatcher), Haematopus ostralegus,   rMW1-4; acc5-6

Seitaka-shigi, (Stilts and Avocets), Recurvirostridae
 ___, Seitaka-shigi, (Black-winged Stilt), Himantopus himantopus,   rM1-2&4; riS3; uW5; acc6 (sm P pop in Tokyo)
 ___, Oosutoraria-seitaka-shigi, (Australian Stilt), Himantopus leucocephalus,   acc3-5
 ___, Sorihashi-seitaka-shigi, (Pied Avocet), Recurvirostra avosetta,   rW2-5

Chidori, (Plovers), Charadriidae
 ___, Ko-chidori, (Little Ringed Plover), Charadrius dubius,   cS1-4;  cMuW3; cMcW4-5; acc6
 ___, Hajiro-ko-chidori, (Common Ringed Plover), Charadrius hiaticula,   rMW2-4; acc1&5-6
 ___, Ikaru-chidori, (Long-billed Plover), Charadrius placidus,   uS1; fS2; fiP3-4; rMW5; acc6
 ___, Shiro-chidori, (Kentish Plover), Charadrius alexandrinus,   cMS1-5; ciW2-5; acc6
 ___, *Mizugaki-chidori, (Semipalmated Plover), Charadrius semipalmatus,   acc4
 ___, Medai-chidori, (Lesser Sandplover), Charadrius mongolus,   cM1-6; accW2-3; ciW4-5
 ___, Oo-medai-chidori, (Greater Sandplover), Charadrius leschenaultii,   rM1-2; uM3-5; uW5
 ___, Oo-chidori, (Oriental Plover), Charadrius veredus,   accMW1-5
 ___, Kobashi-chidori, (Eurasian Dotterel,) Charadrius morinellus,   accM1-5
 ___, Amerika-munaguro, (American Golden Plover), Pluvialis dominica,   accW5
 ___, Munaguro, (Pacific Golden Plover), Pluvialis fulva,   cM1-5; uW3-4; cW5-6; uS6
 ___, Daizen, (Grey Plover), Pluvialis squatarola,   fM1-5; uiW2-5; acc6
 ___, Keri, (Grey-headed Lapwing), Vanellus cinereus,   uiS2; fP3; r1&4-5
 ___, Tageri, (Northern Lapwing), Vanellus vanellus,   fM1-2; ciW3-5; acc6

Tama-shigi, (Painted Snipes), Rostratulidae
 ___, Tama-shigi, (Greater Painted Snipe), Rostratula benghalensis,   rS1; uiP2-5

Renkaku, (Jacanas), Jacanidae
 ___, Renkaku, (Pheasant-tailed Jacana), Hydrophasianus chirurgus,   acc2-5
 
Shigi, (Sandpipers), Scolopacidae
 ___, Oba-shigi, (Great Knot), Calidris tenuirostris,   uM1-5
 ___, Ko-oba-shigi, (Red Knot), Calidris canutus,   rM1-5
 ___, Miyubi-shigi, (Sanderling), Calidris alba,   fM1-5; uiW3-5
 ___, Hire-ashi-toonen, (Semipalmated Sandpiper), Calidris pusilla,   acc
 ___, Hime-hama-shigi, (Western Sandpiper), Calidris mauri,   accMW2-5
 ___, Toonen, (Red-necked Stint), Calidris ruficollis,   cM1-6; uiW4-6
 ___, Yooroppa-toonen, (Little Stint), Calidris minuta,   accM2-5
 ___, Ojiro-toonen, (Temminck's Stint), Calidris temminckii,   uM1-5; rW3-5
 ___, Hibari-shigi, (Long-Toed Stint), Calidris subminuta,   uM1-5; uiW4-6
 ___, Amerika-hibari-shigi, (Least Sandpiper), Calidris minutilla,   accM5
 ___, *Koshijiro-uzura-shigi, (White-rumped Sandpiper), Calidris fuscicollis,  acc
 ___, Hime-uzura-shigi, (Baird's Sandpiper), Calidris bairdii,   accM1-5
 ___, Amerika-uzura-shigi, (Pectoral Sandpiper), Calidris melanotos,   rM1-5
 ___, Uzura-shigi, (Sharp-tailed Sandpiper), Calidris acuminata,   fM1-5; uW6
 ___, Saru-hama-shigi, (Curlew Sandpiper), Calidris ferruginea,   uM1-5; accW3-5
 ___, Chishima-shigi, (Rock Sandpiper), Calidris ptilocnemis,   rMW1&3; rMuiW2
 ___, Hama-shigi, (Dunlin), Calidris alpina,   cM1; cMW2-5; uW6
 ___, Ashinaga-shigi, (Stilt Sandpiper), Calidris himantopus,   accM
 ___, Hera-shigi, (Spoon-billed Sandpiper), Eurynorhynchus pygmeus,   rM1-5
 ___, Kiriai, (Broad-billed Sandpiper), Limicola falcinellus,   uM1-5
 ___, Komon-shigi, (Buff-breasted Sandpiper), Tryngites subruficollis,   accM
 ___, Erimaki-shigi, (Ruff), Philomachus pugnax,   uMrW1-5
 ___, Ko-shigi, (Jack Snipe), Lymnocryptes minimus,   accMW1-3
 ___, Ta-shigi, (Common Snipe), Gallinago gallinago,   cMW2-5; acc6
 ___, Hario-shigi, (Pin-tailed Snipe), Gallinago stenura,   rMuW4-5; acc6
 ___, Chuuji-shigi, (Swinhoe's Snipe), Gallinago megala,   rM1-5; rW5
 ___, Ooji-shigi, (Latham's Snipe), Gallinago hardwickii,   cS1; rSW2; M1-5
 ___, Ao-shigi, (Solitary Snipe), Gallinago solitaria,   uMW1-2; rW3-4; acc5-6
 ___, Amerika-oohashi-shigi, (Short-billed Dowitcher), Limnodromus griseus,   accM3
 ___, Oohashi-shigi, (Long-billed Dowitcher), Limnodromus scolopaceus,   rMW1-5
 ___, Shiberia-oohashi-shigi, (Asiatic Dowitcher), Limnodromus semipalmatus,   rM1-5
 ___, Yama-shigi, (Eurasian Woodcock), Scolopax rusticola,   uS1-2; uMW3-5
 E__, Amami-yama-shigi, (Amami Woodcock), Scolopax mira,  fP5
 ___, Oguro-shigi, (Eastern Black-tailed Godwit), Limosa (limosa) melanuroides,   fM1-5; uW5
 ___, Oo-sorihashi-shigi, (Bar-tailed Godwit), Limosa lapponica,   fM1-5; rW5; acc6
 ___, Amerika-oguro-shigi, (Hudsonian Godwit), Limosa haemastica,   acc
 ___, Ko-shaku-shigi, (Little Curlew), Numenius minutus,   rM1-5
 ___, Chuu-shaku-shigi, (Whimbrel), Numenius phaeopus,   cM1-5; uW4-5; acc6
 ___, Harimomo-chuushaku, (Bristle-thighed Curlew), Numenius tahitiensis,   accM1-6
 ___, Shirohara-chuu-shaku-shigi, (Slender-billed Curlew), Numenius tenuirostris,   acc3
 ___, Dai-shaku-shigi, (Eurasian Curlew), Numenius arquata,   fM1-5; ciW3-5
 ___, Hooroku-shigi, (Far Eastern Curlew), Numenius madagascariensis,   uM1-5; uW3-5; acc6
 ___, Tsuru-shigi, (Spotted Redshank), Tringa erythropus,   cM1-5; uW3-5
 ___, Aka-ashi-shigi, (Common Redshank), Tringa totanus,   uS1; uM1-5; uW5
 ___, Ko-aoashi-shigi, (Marsh Sandpiper), Tringa stagnatilis,   acc1; uM2-4; cMuW5
 ___, Aoashi-shigi, (Common Greenshank), Tringa nebularia,   cM1-6; uW5-6
 ___, Karafuto-aoashi-shigi, (Nordemann's Greenshank), Tringa guttifer,   rM1-5
 ___, Oo-kiashi-shigi, (Greater Yellowlegs), Tringa melanoleuca,   accMW1-5
 ___, Ko-kiashi-shigi, (Lesser Yellowlegs), Tringa flavipes,   accMW1-3
 ___, Kusa-shigi, (Green Sandpiper), Tringa ochropus,   uM1; uMW2-5; acc6
 ___, Takabu-shigi, (Wood Sandpiper), Tringa glareola,   cM1-5; uW3-5; acc6
 ___, Kiashi-shigi, (Grey-tailed Tattler), Tringa brevipes,   cM1-5; uW5-6
 ___, Meriken-kiashi-shigi, (Wandering Tattler), Tringa incana,   rMW1-6
 ___, Sorihashi-shigi, (Terek Sandpiper), Xenus cinereus,   uM1-5; rW4-5
 ___, Iso-shigi, (Common Sandpiper), Actitis hypoleucos,   cMS1-3; cMW3-6
 ___, Amerika-iso-shigi, (Spotted Sandpiper), Actitis macularius,   acc1
 ___, Kyoojo-shigi, (Ruddy Turnstone), Arenaria interpres,   cM1-5; uW5-6
 ___, Kuro-kyoojo-shigi, (Black Turnstone), Arenaria melanocephala,   acc1
 ___, Amerika-hireashi-shigi, (Wilson's Phalarope), Phalaropus tricolor,   acc3
 ___, Akaeri-hireashi-shigi, (Red-necked Phalarope), Phalaropus lobatus,   cM1-5
 ___, Haiiro-hireashi-shigi, (Red Phalarope), Phalaropus fulicarius,   uMrW1-4

Tsubame-chidori, (Pratincoles), Glareolidae
 ___, Tsubame-chidori, (Oriental Pratincole), Glareola maldivarum,   acc1&6; uM2-5; uiS3-5

Kamome, (Gulls), Laridae
 ___, Oo-zuguro-kamome, (Pallas's Gull), Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus,   riW4-5
 ___, Gobizukin-kamome, (Relict Gull), Ichthyaetus relictus,   acc3-4
 ___, Chiyagashira-kamome, (Brown-headed Gull), Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus,  acc5
 ___, Bonaparuto-kamome, (Bonaparte's Gull), Chroicocephalus philadelphia,   acc1-3
 ___, Yuri-kamome, (Common Black-headed Gull), Chroicocephalus ridibundus,   cMuW1-2; cW3-4; uW5; acc6
 ___, Hashiboso-kamome, (Slender-billed Gull), Chroicocephalus genei,   acc4
 ___, Amerika-zuguro-kamome, (Franklin's Gull), Leucophaeus pipixcan,   acc3
 ___, Warai-kamome, (Laughing Gull), Leucophaeus atricilla,   acc6
 ___, Hime-kamome, (Little Gull), Hydrocoloeus minutus,   acc1-5
 ___, Hime-kubiwa-kamome, (Ross's Gull), Hydrocoloeus rosea,   accW1-2
 ___, Kubiwa-kamome, (Sabine's Gull), Xema sabini,   acc1-2
 ___, Zuguro-kamome, (Saunders's Gull), Saundersilarus saundersi,   acc1; rW2-3; uiW4-5
 ___, Umineko, (Black-tailed Gull), Larus crassirostris,   ciS1; cP2-5
 ___, Kamome, (Common/Mew Gull), Larus canus,   ciMW1-2; fiW3-4; acc5-6
 ___, Kurowa-kamome, (Ring-billed Gull), Larus delawarensis,   acc2
 ___, Karifornia-kamome, (California Gull), Larus californicus,   acc2
 ___, Seguro-kamome, (Vega Gull), Larus vegae,   fMrW1; cW2-4; acc5-6
 ___, Hoigurin-kamome, (Heuglin's Gull), Larus heuglini,   rMW2-4; acc1
 ___, Sumisu/Amerika-seguro-kamome, (American Herring Gull), Larus smithsonianus,   acc1-2
 ___, Oo-seguro-kamome, (Slaty-backed Gull), Larus schistisagus,   ciP1;  cW2; uW3-4; acc5-6
 ___, Mongoru-kamome/Kiashi-seguro-kamome, (Mongolian Gull), Larus (cachinnans) mongolicus,   rW1-3; uW4
 ___, Washi-kamome, (Glaucous-winged Gull), Larus glaucescens,   ciWrS1; rW2-3; acc4
 ___, Kanada-kamome, (Thayer's Gull), Larus thayeri,   accW1-3
 ___, Aisurando-kamome, (Iceland Gull), Larus glaucoides,   accW1
 ___, Shiro-kamome, (Glaucous Gull), Larus hyperboreus,   cW1-2; uW3-4; acc5-6
 ___, Mitsuyubi-kamome, (Black-legged Kittiwake), Rissa tridactyla,   cMW1-2; rW3-4; acc5
 ___, Akaashi-mitsuyubi-kamome, (Red-legged Kittiwake), Rissa brevirostris,   accW1-2
 ___, Zooge-kamome, (Ivory Gull), Pagophila eburnea,   accW1-2

Ajisashi, (Terns), Sternidae
 ___, Hashibuto-ajisashi, (Gull-billed Tern), Gelochelidon nilotica,   accS3-5
 ___, Oni-ajisashi, (Caspian Tern), Hydroprogne caspia,   accMW2-4; rM5
 ___, Bengaru-ajisashi, (Lesser Crested Tern), Thalasseus bengalensis,   acc3
 ___, Oo-ajisashi, (Great Crested Tern), Thalasseus bergii,   acc2-4; uiS5-6
 ___, Eriguro-ajisashi, (Black-naped Tern), Sterna sumatrana,   acc1-3; ciS4-5
 ___, Beni-ajisashi, (Roseate Tern), Sterna dougallii,   acc3-4; ciS5
 ___, Ajisashi, (Common Tern), Sterna hirundo,   cM1-4; uM5
 ___, Kyoku-ajisashi, (Arctic Tern), Sterna paradisaea,   acc1-2
 ___, Koshijiro-ajisashi, (Aleutian Tern), Onychoprion aleuticus,   acc1-2
 ___, Nanshoo-mamijiro-ajisashi, (Grey-backed Tern), Onychoprion lunatus,   rS5-6
 ___, Mamijiro-ajisashi, (Bridled Tern), Onychoprion anaethetus,   acc1-4&6; ciS5
 ___, Seguro-ajisashi, (Sooty Tern), Onychoprion fuscatus,   acc1-4; ciS5-6
 ___, Ko-ajisashi, (Little Tern), Sternula albifrons,   acc1&6; fiS2-5
 ___, Kurohara-ajisashi, (Whiskered Tern), Chlidonias hybrida,   rM1-5
 ___, Hashiguro-kurohara-ajisashi, (Black Tern), Chlidonias niger,   acc2-5
 ___, Hajiro-kurohara-ajisashi, (White-winged Black Tern), Chlidonias leucopterus,   rM1-5; acc6
 ___, Hajiro-ajisashi, (Blue Noddy), Procelsterna cerulea,   acc6
 ___, Himekuro-ajisashi, (Black Noddy), Anous minutus,   acc5; riS6
 ___, Kuro-ajisashi, (Brown Noddy), Anous stolidus,   acc1-4; ci5-6
 ___, Shiro-ajisashi, (White Tern), Gygis alba,   acc2-6

Toozoku-kamome, (Skuas and Jaegers), Stercorariidae
 ___, Toozoku-kamome, (Pomarine Jaeger), Stercorarius pomarinus,   cMW1-5
 ___, Kuro-toozoku-kamome, (Parasitic Jaeger), Stercorarius parasiticus,   uM1-4; acc6
 ___, Shirohara-toozoku-kamome, (Long-tailed Jaeger), Stercorarius longicaudus,   uM1-4
 ___, Oo-toozoku-kamome, (South Polar Skua), Stercorarius maccormicki,   uM1-4

Umi-suzume, (Auks), Alcidae
 ___, Hime-umi-suzume, (Little Auk), Alle alle,   acc3&5
 ___, Umi-garasu, (Common Murre), Uria aalge,   rS1; uW1-2
 ___, Hashibuto-umigarasu, (Brunnich's Murre), Uria lomvia,   fW1-2
 ___, Umi-bato, (Pigeon Guillemot), Cepphus columba,   uW1; rW2-3
 ___, Keimafuri, (Spectacled Guillemot), Cepphus carbo,   riS1-2; acc3
 ___, Madara-umi-suzume, (Long-billed Murrelet), Brachyramphus perdix,   uW1-2; rW3-5
 ___, Kobashi-umi-suzume, (Kittlitz's Murrelet), Brachyramphus brevirostris,   acc1
 ___, Umi-suzume, (Ancient Murrelet), Synthliboramphus antiquus,   cW1-2; rW3-6
 E__, Kanmuri-umi-suzume, (Japanese Murrelet), Synthliboramphus wumizusume,   uW1-5; uiS3-6
 ___, *Amerika-umi-suzume, (Cassin's Auklet), Ptychoramphus aleuticus,   acc 
 ___, Etorofu-umi-suzume, (Crested Auklet), Aethia cristatella,   cW1-2
 ___, Shirahige-umi-suzume, (Whiskered Auklet), Aethia pygmaea,   acc1-2
 ___, Ko-umi-suzume, (Least Auklet), Aethia pusilla,   cW1-2; acc3-4
 ___, Umi-oomu, (Parakeet Auklet), Aethia psittacula,   rW1-2
 ___, Utou, (Rhinoceros Auklet), Cerorhinca monocerata,   ciS1-2; cW1-3; uW4
 ___, Tsunomedori, (Horned Puffin), Fratercula corniculata,   acc1-2
 ___, Etopirika, (Tufted Puffin), Fratercula cirrhata,   rS1; rW1-2

Sakei, (Sandgrouse), Pteroclididae
 ___, Sakei, (Pallas's Sandgrouse), Syrrhaptes paradoxus,   acc2-5

Hato, (Pigeons), Columbidae
 ___, Do-bato, (Rock Dove), Columba livia,   F cP1-5
 ___, Himemori-bato, (Stock Dove), Columba oenas,   acc2
 ___, Karasu-bato, (Black Woodpigeon), Columba janthina,   uiP2-6
 X__, Ogasawara-karasu-bato, (Bonin Woodpigeon), Columba versicolor,   (E P6)
 X__, Ryukyu-karasu-bato, (Ryukyu Woodpigeon), Columba jouyi,   (E P5)
 ___, Shirako-bato, (Eurasian Collared Dove), Streptopelia decaocto,   F uiP3
 ___, Beni-bato, (Red Turtle Dove), Streptopelia tranquebarica,   acc3-4; rMW5
 ___, Kiji-bato, (Oriental Turtle Dove), Streptopelia orientalis,   cS1; cP2-5; uW6
 ___, Kin-bato, (Common Emerald Dove), Chalcophaps indica,   uiP5
 ___, Ao-bato, (White-bellied Green Pigeon), Treron sieboldii,   fiS1-2; uP3-4; uW5-6
 ___, Zuaka-ao-bato, (Ryukyu Green Pigeon), Treron (formosae) riukiuensis,   fP5
 ___, Taiwan-suaka-ao-bato, (Taiwan Green Pigeon), Treron (formosae) formosae,   acc5
 ___, *Kuroago-hime-ao-bato, (Black-chinned Fruit-Dove), Ptilinopus leclancheri,   acc

Inko, (Parrots), Psittacidae
 ___, Sekisei-inko, (Budgerigar), Melopsittacus undulatus,   F fP3-5
 ___, Wakake-honsei-inko, (Rose-ringed Parakeet), Psittacula krameri,   F fiP3-4
 ___, Oo-honsei-inko, (Alexandrine Parakeet), Psittacula eupatria,   F
 ___, Daruma-inko, (Red-breasted Parakeet), Psittacula alexandri,   F

Kakkoo, (Cuckoos), Cuculidae
 ___, *Kuroshiro-kanmuri-kakkoo, (Pied Cuckoo), Clamator jacobinus,   acc
 ___, Kanmuri-kakkoo, (Chestnut-winged Cuckoo), Clamator coromandus,   acc3-5
 ___, Juuichi, (Northern Hawk Cuckoo), Cuculus hyperythrus,   uS1-4; acc5
 ___, Oo-juuichi, (Large Hawk Cuckoo), Cuculus  sparverioides,   acc5
 ___, Seguro-kakkoo, (Indian Cuckoo), Cuculus micropterus,   acc2-4
 ___, Kakkoo, (Eurasian Cuckoo), Cuculus canorus,   cS1-4; M4-6
 ___, Tsutsudori, (Oriental Cuckoo), Cuculus optatus,   fS1-4; M4-6
 ___, Hototogisu, (Lesser Cuckoo), Cuculus poliocephalus,   fS1-5; M6
 ___, Oochuu-kakkoo, (Asian Drongo Cuckoo), Surniculus lugubris,   acc4

Banken, (Coucals), Centropodidae
 ___, Banken, (Lesser Coucal), Centropus bengalensis,   acc; 13-17 March 2001 on Yonaguni Island
 ___, Oni-kakkoo, (Asian Koel), Eudynamys scolopaceus,   acc5

Men-fukuroo, (Grass and Barn Owls), Tytonidae
___, Minami-men-fukuroo, (Eastern Grass Owl), Tyto longimembris,   acc5

Fukuroo, (Owls), Strigidae 
 ___, Oo-konoha-zuku, (Collared Scops Owl), Otus lettia/semitorques,   uP1; fP2-5
 ___, Konoha-zuku, (Oriental Scops Owl), Otus sunia,   uS1-4; rW3-4; M5
 E__, Ryukyu-konoha-zuku, (Elegant Scops Owl), Otus elegans,  ciP5
 ___, Washi-mimi-zuku, (Eurasian Eagle Owl), Bubo bubo,   rP1; acc2-4
 ___, Shima-fukuroo, (Blakiston's Fish Owl), Bubo blakistoni,   riP1
 ___, Shiro-fukuroo, (Snowy Owl), Bubo scandiacus,   rWaccS1-2
 ___, Aoba-zuku, (Brown Hawk Owl / Northern Boobook), Ninox (scutulata) japonica,   cS1-4; uW3-4; P5
 ___, Fukuroo, (Ural Owl), Strix uralensis,   fP1-4
 ___, Torafu-zuku, (Long-eared Owl), Asio otus,   uS1-2; fW1-4; rW5-6
 ___, Komimi-zuku, (Short-eared Owl), Asio flammeus,   uM1; uW2-4; rW5-6
 ___, Kinme-fukuroo, (Tengmalm's Owl), Aegolius funereus,   rP1-2

Yotaka, (Nightjars), Caprimulgidae
 ___, Yotaka, (Grey Nightjar), Caprimulgus jotaka,   fiS1-4; rM5-6

Ama-tsubame, (Swifts), Apodidae
 ___, Himaraya-ana-tsubame, (Himalayan Swiftlet), Aerodramus brevirostris,   acc4
 ___, Hario-ama-tsubame, (White-throated Needletail), Hirundapus caudacutus,   fS1-2; rM3-5
 ___, Yooroppa-ama-tsubame, (Common Swift), Apus apus,   acc5
 ___, Ama-tsubame, (Pacific Swift), Apus pacificus,   ciS1-4; rM5
 ___, Hime-ama-tsubame, (House Swift), Apus nipalensis,   uiP3-5

Buppoosoo, (Rollers), Coraciidae
 ___, Buppoosoo, (Dollarbird), Eurystomus orientalis,   riS2-4; acc1&5-6

Kawa-semi, (Kingfishers), Alcedinidae
 ___, Aka-shoobin, (Ruddy Kingfisher), Halcyon coromanda   uS1-3; cS4-5
 ___, Yama-shoobin, (Black-capped Kingfisher), Halcyon pileata   rM1-5; rW5
 X__, Miyako-shoobin, (Miyako Kingfisher), Halcyon miyakoensis   (E P5)
 ___, Ao-shoobin, (White-throated Kingfisher), Halcyon smyrnensis   acc5
 ___, Nanyoo-shoobin, (Collared Kingfisher), Todiramphus chloris   acc5
 ___, Kawa-semi, (Common Kingfisher), Alcedo atthis   cS1; cP2-5; acc6
 ___, Yama-semi, (Crested Kingfisher), Megaceryle lugubris   uP1-4

Hachikui, (Bee-eaters), Meropidae
 ___, Hachikui, (Rainbow Bee-eater), Merops ornatus,   acc5

Yatsugashira, (Hoopoes), Upupidae
 ___, Yatsugashira, (Eurasian Hoopoe), Upupa epops,   rM1-6

Kitsutsuki, (Woodpeckers), Picidae
 ___, Arisui, (Eurasian Wryneck), Jynx torquilla,   uS1; uM2; uW3-4
 ___, Yama-gera, (Grey-headed Woodpecker), Picus canus,   fP1
 E__, Ao-gera, (Japanese Woodpecker), Picus awokera,   fP2-4
 ___, Kuma-gera, (Black Woodpecker), Dryocopos martius,   uiP1; riP2
 X__, Kitataki, (White-bellied Black Woodpecker), Dryocopos javensis,   (P4)
 ___, Aka-gera, (Great Spotted Woodpecker), Dendrocopos major,   cP1-3; acc4
 ___, Oo-aka-gera, (White-backed Woodpecker), Dendrocopos leucotos,   uP1-5
 E__, Noguchi-gera, (Pryer's Woodpecker), Dendrocopos noguchii,   riP5
 ___, Chabara-aka-gera, (Rufous-bellied Woodpecker), Dendrocopos (Hypopicus) hyperthyrus,   acc
 ___, Ko-aka-gera, (Lesser Spotted Woodpecker), Dryobates minor,   uP1
 ___, Ko-gera, (Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker), Yungipicus kizuki,   cP1-5
 ___, Miyubi-gera, (Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker), Picoides tridactylus,   rP1

Yairochoo, (Pittas), Pittidae
 ___, Zuguro-yairochoo, (Hooded Pitta), Pitta sordida,   accS5
 ___, Yairochoo, (Fairy Pitta), Pitta nympha,  riS3-4; acc2&5

Mitsusui, (Honeyeaters), Meliphagidae
 E__, Meguro, (Bonin Islands Honeyeater), Apalopteron familiare,   ciP6

Mori-tsubame, (Wood Swallows), Artamidae
 ___, Mori-tsubame, (White-breasted Wood Swallow), Artamus leucorynchus,   acc5

Sanshookui, (Minivets), Campephagidae
 ___, Sanshookui, (Ashy Minivet), Pericrocotus divaricatus,   rS1; fiS2-4; rM5
 E__, Ryukyu-sanshookui, (Ryukyu Minivet), Pericrocotus tegimae,   fP5; acc4
 ___, Asakura-sanshookui, (Black-winged Cuckooshrike), Coracina melaschistos,   acc4-5

Mozu, (Shrikes), Laniidae
 ___, Chigo-mozu, (Tiger Shrike), Lanius tigrinus,   accS1; uiS2-4;  uM5
 ___, Mozu, (Bull-headed Shrike), Lanius bucephalus,   cSrW1-2; cP3-5
 ___, Se-aka-mozu, (Red-backed Shrike), Lanius collurio,   acc2&5
 ___, Orii-mozu, (Isabelline Shrike), Lanius isabellinus,   acc4-5
 ___, Aka-mozu, (Brown Shrike), Lanius cristatus,   fS1-3; uM4-5; rW5
 ___, Takasago-mozu, (Long-tailed Shrike), Lanius schach,   acc4-5
 ___, Oo-mozu, (Great Grey Shrike), Lanius excubitor,   uW1; rW2-4
 ___, Oo-kara-mozu, (Chinese Grey Shrike), Lanius sphenocercus,   accW3-4

Koorai-uguisu, (Orioles), Oriolidae
 ___, Koorai-uguisu, (Black-naped Oriole), Oriolus chinensis,   rM1-4

Oochuu, (Drongos), Dicruridae
 ___, Oochuu, (Black Drongo), Dicrurus macrocercus,   accM3-5
 ___, Haiiro-oochuu, (Ashy Drongo), Dicrurus leucophaeus,   accMW5
 ___, Kanmuri-oochuu, (Hair-crested Drongo), Dicrurus hottentotus,   accM5
 ___, *Himekazari-ochuu, (Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo), Dicrurus remifer,   acc

Sankoochoo, (Paradise Flycatchers), Monarchidae
___, Sankoochoo, (Japanese Paradise Flycatcher), Terpsiphone atrocaudata,   uiS2-4; cS5

Karasu, (Crows), Corvidae
 ___, Kakesu, (Eurasian Jay), Garrulus glandarius,   cP1-4
 E__, Ruri-kakesu, (Lidth's Jay), Garrulus lidthi,   cP5
 ___, Onaga, (Azure-winged Magpie), Cyanopica cyanus,   ciP2-3; r4
 ___, Kasasagi, (Common Magpie), Pica pica,   F ciP4; acc1-3
 ___, Hoshi-garasu, (Spotted Nutcracker), Nucifraga caryocatactes,   uP1-3; r4
 ___, Kokumaru-garasu, (Daurian Jackdaw), Corvus dauuricus,   ciW4; acc1-3&5
 ___, Nishi-kokumaru-garasu, (Western Jackdaw), Corvus monedula,   acc1
 ___, Miyama-garasu, (Rook), Corvus frugilegus,   ciMW4;  acc2-3&5
 ___, Hashiboso-garasu, (Carrion Crow), Corvus corone,   cP1-4; acc5
 ___, Hashibuto-garasu, (Large-billed Crow), Corvus macrorhynchus,   cP1-5
 ___, Ie-garasu, (House Crow), Corvus splendens,   acc3
 ___, Watari-garasu, (Northern Raven), Corvus corax,   uW1; accW2

Renjaku, (Waxwings), Bombycillidae
 ___, Hi-renjaku, (Japanese Waxwing), Bombycilla japonica,   uMW1-4; rW5-6
 ___, Ki-renjaku, (Bohemian Waxwing), Bombycilla garrulus,   fW1; uW2-4; rW5-6

Shijuukara, (Tits), Paridae
 ___, Hashibuto-gara, (Marsh Tit), Poecile palustris,   fP1
 ___, Ko-gara, (Willow Tit), Poecile montanus,   uP1; cP2-4
 ___, Yama-gara, (Varied Tit), Poecile varius,   uP1-2; cP3-5
 ___, Hi-gara, (Coal Tit), Periparus ater,   fP1-4
 ___, *Seiboshi-kanmuri-gara, (Yellow-cheeked Tit), Periparus spilonotus,   acc?
 ___, Ruri-gara, (Azure Tit), Cyanistes cyanus,   acc1
 ___, Shijuu-gara, (Eastern Great Tit), Parus minor,   cP1-5

Tsurisu-gara, (Penduline Tits), Remizidae
 ___, Tsurisu-gara, (Chinese Penduline Tit), Remiz consobrinus,   uW3-5

Hibari, (Larks), Alaudidae
 ___, Kubiwa-kootenshi, (Bimaculated Lark), Melanocorypha bimaculata,   accW5
 ___, Kootenshi, (Mongolian Lark), Melanocorypha mongolica,   acc1
 ___, Hime-kootenshi, (Greater Short-toed Lark), Calandrella brachydactyla,   rM1-6
 ___, Ko-hibari, (Asian Short-toed Lark), Calandrella cheleensis,   acc3-5
 E__, Hibari, (Japanese Skylark), Alauda japonica,   cS2; cP3-4; uW5
 ___, Oo-hibari, (Eurasian Skylark), Alauda arvensis,  rM2-4; fS1
 ___, Taiwan-hibari, (Oriental Skylark), Alauda gulgula,   acc5
 ___, Hama-hibari, (Shore Lark), Eremophila alpestris,   rMW1-4

Hiyodori, (Bulbuls), Pycnonotidae
 ___, Shirogashira, (Chinese Bulbul), Pycnonotus sinensis,   ciP5; acc3
 ___, Kouraun, (Red-whiskered Bulbul),  Pycnonotus jocosus,    F2
 ___, Hiyodori, (Brown-eared Bulbul),  Microscelis (Hypsipetes) amaurotis,   cSuW1; cP2-6
 ___, Kuro-hiyodori, (Himalayan Black Bulbul), Hypsipetes leucocephalus,   acc5

Tsubame, (Swallows), Hirundinidae
 ___, Midori-tsubame, (Tree Swallow), Tachycineta bicolor,  acc1
 ___, Shoodoo-tsubame, (Bank Swallow), Riparia riparia,   ciS1; uM2-5
 ___, Taiwan-shoodoo-tsubame, (Grey-throated Martin), Riparia chinensis,   acc5
 ___, Tsubame, (Barn Swallow), Hirundo rustica,   uS1; cS2-4; rW3-6
 ___, Ryukyu-tsubame, (Pacific Swallow), Hirundo tahitica,   ciP5
 ___, Koshiaka-tsubame, (Red-rumped Swallow), Cecropis daurica,   rS1;  uiS2; fS3-4; rW4; rM5
 ___, Nishi-iwa-tsubame, (Northern House Martin), Delichon urbicum,   acc1-2
 ___, Iwa-tsubame, (Asian House Martin), Delichon dasypus,   ciS1-3; uiS4; riW3-4; rM5

Enaga, (Bushtits), Aegithalidae
 ___, Enaga, (Long-tailed Tit), Aegithalos caudatus,   cP1-4

Uguisu, (Warblers), Sylviidae
 ___, Yabusame, (Short-tailed Bush Warbler), Urosphena squameiceps,   fS1-4; fM3-6
 ___, Uguisu, (Japanese Bush-Warbler), Cettia diphone,   cS1; cP2-6
 ___, Chosen-uguisu, (Korean Bush Warbler), Cettia canturians,   rMW3-5
 ___, Shima-sennyuu, (Middendorff's Warbler), Locustella ochotensis,   cS1-3; uM2-5
 ___, Uchiyama-sennyu, (Pleske's Warbler), Locustella pleskei,   rS2-4
 ___, Shiberia-sennyuu, (Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler), Locustella certhiola,   accS1-4
 ___, Makino-sennyuu,(Lanceolated Warbler), Locustella lanceolata,   ciS1; uiSM2-4
 ___, Ezo-sennyuu, (Gray's Warbler), Locustella (fasciolata) fasciolata,  ciS1; uM2-5
 ___, ____________, (Sakhalin Warbler), Locustella (fasciolata) amnicola,  rM1-5
 ___, Oo-sekka, (Marsh Grassbird), Locustella (Megalurus) pryeri,   ciS2; uW2-4
 ___, Ko-yoshikiri, (Black-browed Reed Warbler), Acrocephalus bistrigiceps,    cSM1-4; rMW5
 ___, Oo-yoshikiri, (Oriental Reed Warbler), Acrocephalus orientalis,   uS1; cSM2-4; cMuW5
 ___, Hashibuto-oo-yoshikiri, (Thick-billed Warbler), Acrocephalus aedon,   acc2
 ___, Sesuji-ko-yoshikiri, (Streaked Reed Warbler), Acrocephalus sorghophilus,   acc5; 11 Oct 2002 on Yonaguni Island
 ___, Inada-yoshikiri, (Paddyfield Warbler), Acrocephalus agricola,   acc2
 ___, Shiberia-yoshikiri, (Blyth's Reed Warbler), Acrocephalus dumetorum,   acc1&5
 ___, *Hime-utai-mushikui, (Booted Warbler), Hippolais caligata,   acc
 ___, *Kiiroutai-mushikui, (Icterine Warbler), Hippolais icterina,   acc
 ___, Sendai-mushikui, (Eastern Crowned Warbler), Phylloscopus coronatus,   cS1-4; cM2-5; rW4-5
 ___, Ezo-mushikui, (Sakhalin Leaf Warbler), Phylloscopus borealoides,   ciS1-3; uM2-5
 ___, Usuri-mushikui, (Pale-legged Leaf Warbler), Phylloscopus tenellipes,   rM2-5
 ___, Iijima-mushikui, (Iijima's Warbler), Phylloscopus ijimae,   ciS3-4; rW3-5
 ___, Meboso-mushikui, (Arctic Warbler), Phylloscopus borealis,   ciS1-4;  cM2-5
 ___, Yanagi-mushikui, (Greenish Warbler), Phylloscopus trochiloides,  acc?
 ___, *Futaobi-yanagi-mushikui, (Two-barred Greenish Warbler), Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus,   acc2
 ___, Karafuto-mushikui, (Pallas's Leaf Warbler), Phylloscopus proregulus,   accM1-4; uM2 (islands in Japan Sea)
 ___, Chifuchafu, (Siberian Chiffchaff), Phylloscopus (collybita) tristis,  acc2-3
 ___, Kibara-mushikui, (Tickell's Leaf Warbler), Phylloscopus affinis,   acc2
 ___, *Kimayu-mushikui, (Yellow-browed Warbler), Phylloscopus inornatus,   accM1-4&6; rM5; uM2; rW2
 ___, *Bafu-mayu mushikui, (Hume's Warbler), Phylloscopus humei,   acc?
 ___, Karafuto-muji-sekka, (Radde's Warbler), Phylloscopus schwarzi,   accM3-5; uM2 (islands in Japan Sea)
 ___, Muji-sekka, (Dusky Warbler), Phylloscopus fuscatus,   acc1-5; uM2 (islands in Japan Sea)
 ___, Mori-mushikui, (Wood Warbler), Phylloscopus sibilatrix,   accM2
 ___, Kitayanagi-mushikui, (Willow Warbler), Phylloscopus trochilus,   accM4
 ___, Kikuitadaki, (Goldcrest), Regulus regulus,   ciP1-2; cW2-5
 ___, Konodojiro-mushikui, (Lesser Whitethroat), Sylvia curruca (c. blythi),   acc1-2

Sekka, (Cisticolas and Prinias), Cisticolidae
 ___, Sekka, (Fan-tailed Warbler), Cisticola juncidis,   uiS2; cP3-5
 ___, *Mamiha-uchiwadori, (Plain Prinia), Prinia inornata,   acc5?

Daruma-enaga, (Babblers), Timaliidae
 ___, Gabichoo, (Chinese Hwamei), Garrulax canorus,  F uPi
 ___, Hime-gabichoo, (Moustached Laughingthrush), Garrulax cineraceus,   F4
 ___, Sooshichoo, (Red-billed Leiothrix/Pekin Robin), Leiothrix lutea,  F uPi
 ___, Hige-gara, (Bearded Tit), Panurus biarmicus,   acc2-3
 ___, Daruma-enaga, (Vinous-throated Parrotbill), Paradoxornis webbianus,   acc2

Mejiro, (White-eyes), Zosteropidae
 ___, Choosen-mejiro, (Chestnut-flanked White-eye), Zosterops erythropleurus,   accM3
 ___, Mejiro, (Japanese White-eye), Zosterops japonicus,   uiS1; fP2; cP3-6

Misosazai, (Wrens), Troglodytidae
 ___, Misosazai, (Winter Wren), Troglodytes troglodytes,   fP1-4; acc5

Gojuu-gara, (Nuthatches), Sittidae
 ___, Gojuu-gara, (Eurasian Nuthatch), Sitta europaea,   ciP1-4

Kibashiri, (Tree Creepers), Certhiidae
 ___, Kibashiri, (Eurasian Treecreeper), Certhia familiaris,   uiP1-3; rP4

Mukudori, (Starlings), Sturnidae
 ___, Midori-karasu-modoki, (Asian Glossy Starling), Aplonis panayensis,   acc5
 ___, Hoojiro-mukudori, (Asian Pied Starling), Gracupica (Sturnus) contra,   F2-3
 ___, Gin-mukudori, (Red-billed Starling), Spodiopsar (Sturnus) sericeus,   accM3-4; rW5
 ___, Mukudori, (White-cheeked Starling), Spodiopsar (Sturnus) cineraceus,   cS1; cP2-3; fP4;  uW5-6
 ___, Shiberia-mukudori, (Daurian Starling), Agropsar (Sturnus) sturninus,   acc2-6
 ___, Ko-mukudori, (Chestnut-cheeked Starling), Agropsar (Sturnus) philippensis,   cS1-2; ciS3; fM4-5
 ___, Kara-mukudori, (White-shouldered Starling), Sturnia (Sturnus) sinensis,   rW4-5; acc3&6
 ___, Hoshi-mukudori, (Common Starling), Sturnus vulgaris,   acc1-3; rW4-5
 ___, Bara-mukudori, (Rosy Starling), Pastor roseus,   accW5
 ___, Hakkachoo, (Crested Myna), Acridotheres cristatellus,   acc4-5
 ___, Haiiro-hakka, (Bank Myna),  Acridotheres ginginianus,   F
 ___, Indo-hakka, (Common Myna), Acridotheres tristis,   F2-3

Tsugumi, (Thrushes), Turdidae
 ___, Europpa-komadori, (European Robin), Erithacus rubecula,   acc2
 ___, Komadori, (Japanese Robin), Luscinia (Erithacus) akahige,   fiS1-4
 E__, Akahige, (Ryukyu Robin), Luscinia (Erithacus) komadori,   cP5
 ___, Shima-goma, (Swinhoe's Robin), Luscinia sibilans,   rM1-4
 ___, No-goma, (Siberian Rubythroat), Luscinia calliope,   cS1; uS2; uM3-6; uW5-6
 ___, Ogawa-komadori, (Bluethroat), Luscinia svecica,   rMW3-5
 ___, Ko-ruri, (Siberian Blue Robin), Luscinia cyane,   uiS1-2; fS3-4
 ___, Ruri-bitaki, (Red-flanked Bluetail), Tarsiger cyanurus (Luscinia cyanura),   cMS1-4; uW3-6
 ___, *Seaka-joobitaki, (Rufous-backed Redstart), Phoenicurus erythronotus, acc
 ___, Kuro-joobitaki, (Black Redstart), Phoenicurus ochruros,   acc1-3
 ___, Joo-bitaki, (Daurian Redstart), Phoenicurus auroreus,   cW3-4; cM2-6
 ___, Shirobitajiyoo-bitaki, (Common Redstart), Phoenicurus phoenicurus,   acc2; Nov 1998 Hegurajima
 ___, *Kon-hitaki, (White-tailed Robin), Myomela leucura,   acc4?
 ___, Mamijiro-bitaki, (Whinchat), Saxicola rubetra,   acc5
 ___, No-bitaki, (Siberian Stonechat), Saxicola maurus,   cS1; fS2-3; fM3-5; rW5
 ___, Kuro-ko-bitaki, (Pied Bushchat), Saxicola caprata,   acc5
 ___, Yamazaki-hitaki, (Grey Bushchat), Saxicola ferreus,   acc2&5
 ___, Inaba-hitaki, (Isabelline Wheatear), Oenanthe isabellina,   acc3
 ___, Hashiguro-hitaki, (Northern Wheatear), Oenanthe oenanthe,   accM2-6
 ___, Kuromimi-hitaki, (Black-eared Wheatear), Oenanthe  hispanica,   acc2 (Hegurajima Nov 2004)
 ___, Seguro-sabaku-hitaki, (Pied Wheatear), Oenanthe pleschanka,   accM2
 ___, Sabaku-hitaki, (Desert Wheatear), Oenanthe deserti,   accMW3-6
 ___, Koshijiro-isohiyo, (Rufous-tailed Rock Thrush), Monticola saxatilis,   acc3
 ___, Iso-hiyodori, (Blue Rock Thrush), Monticola solitarius,   uiS1;  cP2-6
 ___, Hime-isohiyo, (White-throated Rock Thrush), Monticola gularis,   acc2-3
 ___, Tora-tsugumi, (White's Thrush), Zoothera (dauma) aurea,    cS1-2; fP3-6
 ___, ___________, (Scaly Thrush), Zoothera (dauma) dauma,    r6?
 E__, Oo-tora-tsugumi, (Amami Thrush), Zoothera major,   riP5
 ___, Mamijiro, (Siberian Thrush), Zoothera sibirica,   uiS1-2; uM3-5
 X__, Ogasawara-gabichoo, (Kittlitz's Thrush), Zoothera terrestris,   (E P6)
 ___, Haiiro-cha-tsugumi, (Gray-cheeked Thrush), Catharus minimus,   accW3
 ___, Kuro-tsugumi, (Japanese Thrush), Turdus cardis,   fS1-2; uiS3-4; fM3-5; rW5
 ___, Kuro-utadori, (Eurasian Blackbird), Turdus merula,   acc3-5
 ___, Akahara, (Brown-headed Thrush), Turdus chrysolaus,   cS1-2; uS3; cM1-5; cW3-4
 E__, Akakokko, (Izu Thrush), Turdus celaenops,   ciP3
 ___, Kara-akahara, (Grey-backed Thrush), Turdus hortulorum,   accM2-5
 ___, Shirohara, (Pale Thrush), Turdus pallidus,   cM1-2; cW3-5
 ___, Mamichajinai, (Eyebrowed Thrush), Turdus obscurus,   uM1; fM2-4; rW5
 ­­­___, Tsugumi, (Dusky Thrush), Turdus eunomus,   cMW1-6
 ___, Hachijoo-tsugumi, (Naumann's Thrush), Turdus naumanni,   rMW
 ___, Nodoguro-tsugumi, (Black-throated Thrush), Turdus atrogularis,   accMW1-5
 ___, Nodoaka-tsugumi, (Red-throated Thrush), Turdus rufficollis,     acc
 ___, Nohara-tsugumi, (Fieldfare), Turdus pilaris,   accW3
 ___, *Uta-tsugumi, (Song Thrush), Turdus philomelos,   acc?
 ___, Wakiaka-tsugumi, (Redwing), Turdus iliacus,   accMW1-5
 ___, Yadorigi-tsugumi, (Mistle Thrush), Turdus viscivorus,   accW3
 ___, *Ko-bane-hitaki, (White-browed Shortwing), Brachypteryx montana,   acc?

Hitaki, (Flycatchers), Muscicapidae
 ___, Oo-ruri, (Blue-and-white Flycatcher), Cyanoptila cyanomelana,   cS1-4; cM1-6
 ___, *Munafu-hitaki, (Spotted Flycatcher), Muscicapa striata,   acc?
 ___, Miyama-bitaki, (Ferruginous Flycatcher), Muscicapa ferruginea,   acc4-5
 ___, Same-bitaki, (Dark-sided Flycatcher), Muscicapa sibirica,   fiS1-3; uM3-4;  rM5
 ___, Ezo-bitaki, (Grey-streaked Flycatcher), Muscicapa griseisticta,   uM3-5
 ___, Ko-same-bitaki, (Asian Brown Flycatcher), Muscicapa dauurica,   fScM1-4; rM5
 ___, Ojiro-bitaki, (Taiga Flycatcher), Ficedula albicilla,   rMW1-5
 ___, Nishi-ojiro-bitaki, (Red-breasted Flycatcher), Ficedula parva,   acc3-4
 ___, Madara-hitaki, (Eurasian Pied Flycatcher), Ficedula hypoleuca,   acc2
 ___, Mugimaki, (Mugimaki Flycatcher), Ficedula mugimaki,   rM1-5
 ___, Mamijiroki-bitaki, (Yellow-rumped Flycatcher), Ficedula zanthopygia,   accM1-5
 ___, Ki-bitaki, (Narcissus Flycatcher), Ficedula (narcissina) narcissina,   cSfM1-4; ?rP5; fM6
 E__, Ryukyu-kibitaki, (Ryukyu Flycatcher), Ficedula (narcissina) owstoni,   P5
 ___, Kimune-bitaki, (Chinese Flycatcher), Ficedula elisae,   acc2-3
 ___, *Chabara-oruri, (Vivid Niltava), Niltava vivida,   acc

Kawa-garasu, (Dippers), Cinclidae
 ___, Kawa-garasu, (Brown Dipper), Cinclus pallasii,   fP1-4

Hataodori, (Weaver Finches), Passeridae
 ___, Nyuunai-suzume, (Russet Sparrow), Passer rutilans,   uiS1-3; uW3-4; rW5
 ___, Suzume, (Eurasian Tree Sparrow), Passer montanus,   cP1-5
 ___, Ie-suzume, (House Sparrow), Passer domesticus,   acc1-2

___________, (Waxbills), Estrildidae
 ___, Beni-suzume, (Red Avadavat), Amandava amandava,   F cP2-5
 ___, Koshijiro-kinpara, (White-rumped Munia), Lonchura striata,   F ciP5
 ___, Amihara, (Scaly-breasted Munia), Lonchura punctulata,   F ciP5
 ___, Kinpara, (Chestnut Munia), Lonchura (malacca) atricapilla,    F ciP3-5
 ___, _________, (Tricoloured Munia), Lonchura (malacca) malacca,    F
 ___, Heki-choo, (White-headed Munia), Lonchura maja,   F2
 ___, Bunchoo, (Java Sparrow), Lonchura oryzivora,   F ciP3-4
 ___, Men-hataori-dori, (Lesser Masked Weaver), Ploceus intermedius,   F2
 ___, Kita-kinran-choo, (Northern Red Bishop), Euplectes franciscanus,   F4-5
 ___, Hoo-koo-choo, (Orange-cheeked Waxbill), Estrilda melpoda,   F2
 ___, Kaede-choo, (Black-rumped Waxbill), Estrilda troglodytes,  F
 
___________, (Whydahs), Viduidae
___, Hoo-oo-jaku, (Eastern Paradise Whydah), Vidua paradisea,   F2

Iwa-hibari, (Accentors), Prunellidae
 ___, Kayakuguri, (Japanese Accentor), Prunella rubida,   fiP1-4
 ___, Yama-hibari, (Siberian Accentor), Prunella montanella,   accW1-3
 ___, Iwa-hibari, (Alpine Accentor), Prunella collaris,   ciP2-3; acc1&4

Sekirei, (Wagtails and Pipits), Motacillidae
 ___, Mamijiro-tahibari, (Richard's Pipit), Anthus richardi,   rMW3-5
 ___, Ko-mamijiro-tahibari, (Blyth's Pipit), Anthus godlewskii,   acc3-5
 ___, Binzui, (Olive-backed Pipit), Anthus hodgsoni,   cS1-4; uW3-5
 ___, Yooroppa-binzui, (Tree Pipit), Anthus trivialis,   acc2-5
 ___, Makibata-hibari, (Meadow Pipit), Anthus pratensis,   acc4-5
 ___, Sejiro-tahibari, (Pechora Pipit), Anthus gustavi,   rW5; acc1-4&6
 ___, Muneaka-tahibari, (Red-throated Pipit), Anthus cervinus,   uMW1-4&6; cW5
 ___, Tahibari, (Buff-bellied Pipit), Anthus rubescens,   cM1-2; cW3-6
 ___, Mizu-tahibari, (Water Pipit), Anthus spinoletta,   acc4-5
 ___, Iwami-sekirei, (Forest Wagtail), Dendronanthus indicus,   rMW3-6
 ___, Tsumenaga-sekirei, (Eastern Yellow Wagtail), Motacilla tschutschensis,   riS1; rM2-4; uMW5
 ___, Kigashira-sekirei, (Citrine Wagtail), Motacilla citreola,   accMW4-5
 ___, Ki-sekirei, (Grey Wagtail), Motacilla cinerea,   cS1-4; cW3-5
 ___, Hojiro-/Taiwan-haku-sekirei, (White Wagtail), Motacilla alba,   uS4; uMW4-5
 ___, Haku-sekirei, (Black-backed Wagtail), Motacilla (alba) lugens,   cS1; cP2-3; cMW4-5
 E__, Seguro-sekirei, (Japanese Wagtail), Motacilla grandis,   uS1; ciP2-4; acc5

Atori, (Finches), Fringillidae
 ___, Atori, (Brambling), Fringilla montifringilla,   cM1-4; rW1; cW2-4; acc5-6
 ___, Zuaotori, (Common Chaffinch), Fringilla coelebs,   acc1
 ___, Kawara-hiwa, (Oriental Greenfinch), Carduelis sinica,   cSuW1; cP2-6
 ___, Goshiki-hiwa, (Eurasian Goldfinch), Carduelis carduelis,   acc2
 ___, Ma-hiwa, (Eurasian Siskin), Carduelis spinus,   uS1-2; fMW1-6
 ___, Beni-hiwa, (Common Redpoll), Carduelis flammea,   uiW1-2; rW3-4; acc5-6
 ___, Ko-beni-hiwa, (Arctic Redpoll), Carduelis hornemanni,   accW1-2
 ___, Naki-isuka, (Two-barred Crossbill), Loxia leucoptera,   rW1-2; accW3
 ___, Isuka, (Common Crossbill), Loxia curvirostra,   uMWrS1-2; rMW3-6
 ___, Hagi-mashiko, (Asian Rosy Finch), Leucosticte arctoa,   fiWrS1; uiW2-4
 ___, Aka-mashiko, (Common Rosefinch), Carpodacus erythrinus,  rMaccW1-4
 ___, Oo-mashiko, (Pallas's Rosefinch), Carpodacus roseus,   uW1-2; acc3-5
 ___, Ginzan-mashiko, (Pine Grosbeak), Pinicola enucleator,   uiP1; accW2-3
 X__, Ogasawara-mashiko, (Bonin Grosbeak), Chaunoproctus ferreorostris,  (E P6)
 ___, Beni-mashiko, (Long-tailed Rosefinch), Uragus sibiricus,   cS1; rSciW2; uiW3-4
 ___, Uso, (Eurasian Bullfinch), Pyrrhula pyrrhula,   fP1-2;  fW3-4
 ___, Ko-ikaru, (Chinese Grosbeak), Eophona migratoria,   uiM3-5; uW3-4; accW1-2&6
 ___, Ikaru, (Japanese Grosbeak), Eophona personata,   fS1-2; fP3-4; uW5-6
 ___, Shime, (Hawfinch), Coccothraustes coccothraustes,   cSuW1; uS2; cMW2-4; uW5-6

Amerika-mushikui, (Wood Warblers), Parulidae
 ___, Uiruson-amerika-mushikui, (Wilson's Warbler), Wilsonia pusilla,   acc2
 ___, Kiiro-amerika-mushikui, (Yellow Warbler), Dendroica petechia,   acc2

Hoojiro, (Buntings), Emberizidae
 ___, Kookanchoo, (Red-crested Cardinal), Paroaria coronata,   F2
 ___, Renjyaku-nojiko, (Crested Bunting), Melophus lathami,   acc5
 ___, Sabanna-shitodo, (Savannah Sparrow), Passerculus sandwichensis,   accW2-5
 ___, Gomafu-suzume, (Fox Sparrow), Passerella iliaca,   accW1-2
 ___, Miyama-shitodo, (White-crowned Sparrow), Zonotrichia leucophrys,   accMW1-3
 ___, Kigashira-shitodo, (Golden-crowned Sparrow), Zonotrichia atricapilla,   accMW1-3
 ___, Utasuzume, (Song Sparrow), Melospiza melodia,   acc
 ___, Tsumenaga-hoojiro, (Lapland Bunting), Calcarius lapponicus,   rMW1; accW2-6
 ___, Yuki-hoojiro, (Snow Bunting), Calcarius nivalis,   uiW1-2; acc3-6
 ___, Kuroji, (Grey Bunting), Emberiza variabilis,   ciS1; uS2; fW3-4; rW5
 ___, Aoji, (Black-faced Bunting), Emberiza spodocephala,   rW1; cS1-2; cMW2-5
 ___, *Chiyakinchoo, (Red-headed Bunting), Emberiza bruniceps,   acc?
 ___, Nojiko, (Japanese Yellow Bunting), Emberiza sulphurata,   riS2-4; rMW2-5
 ___, Shiraga-hoojiro, (Pine Bunting), Emberiza leucocephalos,   rMW1-4
 ___, Ki-aoji, (Yellowhammer), Emberiza citrinella,   accW2-3
 ___, Hoojiro, (Meadow Bunting), Emberiza cioides,   cSrW1; cP2-4; rW5
 ___, Zuao-hoojiro, (Ortolan Bunting), Emberiza hortulana,   acc2
 ___, Hooaka, (Chestnut-eared Bunting), Emberiza fucata,   ciS1-3; fMW3-4; rMW5
 ___, Miyama-hoojiro, (Elegant Bunting), Emberiza elegans,   accS1; uMrW1-2; fMW3-5
 ___, Kimayu-hoojiro, (Yellow-browed Bunting), Emberiza chrysophrys,   rMW2-4; acc5
 ___, Shirohara-hoojiro, (Tristram's Bunting), Emberiza tristrami,   acc1&5; rM2-4
 ___, Kashiradaka, (Rustic Bunting), Emberiza rustica,   cMW1-4; rW5
 ___, Ko-hooaka, (Little Bunting), Emberiza pusilla,   rMW1-5
 ___, Shima-nojiko, (Chestnut Bunting), Emberiza rutila,   accW1-5; rM2
 ___, Shima-aoji, (Yellow-breasted Bunting), Emberiza aureola,   rS1; aS2; aM2-5; acc6
 ___, Iwaba-hoojiro, (Grey-necked Bunting), Emberiza buchanani,   acc2; 25-26 Oct 1997 Hegura Island
 ___, Oo-jurin, (Common Reed Bunting), Emberiza schoeniclus,   fSrW1-2; ciW3-4; acc5
 ___, Shiberia-jurin, (Pallas's Reed Bunting), Emberiza pallasi,   rW3-4
 ___, Ko-jurin, (Japanese Reed Bunting), Emberiza yessoensis,   accS1; uiS2-4; uiW3-4
 ___, Zuguro-chakinchoo, (Black-headed Bunting), Emberiza melanocephala,   accMW1-5

FOOTNOTES (*):

- Brazil (2009) doesn’t accept the following species as having been recorded in East Asia: Pterodroma cookii, P pycrofti, P arminjoniana, P ultima, Puffinus assimilis, Fregetta tropica, F grallaria, Oceanodroma microsoma, Phalacrocorax melanoleucus, Sarkadiornis melanotos, Clamator jacobinus, Phoenicurus erythronotus, Oenanthe hispanica, Hippolais icterina, Dicrurus remifer.

- Hajiro-shirohara-mizunagidori (Cook's Petrel), August 2004

- Usuhime-shirohara-mizunagidori (Pycroft's Petrel), no details available

- Munafu-shirohara-mizunagidori (Herald Petrel) reported in Japanese waters 5-6 September 1998

- Usuhajiro-mizunagidori (Murphy's Petrel), 1999

- Mankusu-mizunagidori (Manx Shearwater). One was seen at Gotenba seashore, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture, several times from the middle of May to 13 July 2004. The bird often flew around a shop at the shore in the night and ran against the sheet over the shop. It was captured and released several times. I saw it and took photos on 11 July. It was identified as P.(lherminieri) bannermani (Ogasawara-mizunagidori), but now several birders including me believe that it was P. (puffinus) puffinus and the first Asian record. It has not been published yet, but a paper is being prepared. (fide Atsunori Fukuda, 2005)

- Hime-mizunagidori (Little Shearwater). One was captured on Haha-jima, Ogasawara, Tokyo, on 7 April 1997 (Hiraoka and Chiba, the Ornithological Society of Japan 1997 meeting). Another was captured on Chichi-jima, Ogasawara, Tokyo, on 3 January 2005. It died later and is preserved in the Institute of Boninology. Photos can be seen at the following HP (in Japanese): http://www.ogasawara.or.jp/ibo/topic_f.html (fide Atsunori Fukuda, 2005)

- Kuro-obi-shirohara-ashinaga-umitsubame (Black-bellied Storm Petrel), August 2005

- Shirohara-ashinaga-umitsubame (White-bellied Storm Petrel), no details available

- Toki (Crested Ibis) reintroduced onto Sado Island in experimental numbers, December 2008

- The split of Anser fabalis (by IOC, Cornell/Clements, & AOU) is between the taiga races (fabalis & middendorffii) and the tundra races (rossicus & serrirostris). Within the two resulting species, the rules of scientific naming require that each species takes its name from the senior (oldest) subspecies. Fabalis = 1787, middendorffi = 1873, so that makes it Anser (fabalis) fabalis; rossicus = 1933, serrirostris = 1871, so the other one becomes Anser (fabalis) serrirostris. There have been recent suggestions that Anser fabalis could eventually be further split into A. (f) fabalis (Western Bean Goose) & A. (f) middendorffii (Middendorff's Bean Goose). Although middendorffii is indeed the taiga subspecies occurring in Japan, for now it should be A (f) fabalis & A (f) serrirostris on the checklist.

- Amerika-gamo (American Black Duck), local newspaper report from Niigata Prefecture.

- Amerika-haiiro-chuuhi (American Harrier): Teruaki Morioka (1999) identified the harrier of which Mr. Hirozo Maki took a photo in mid-January 1997 in Bekkai-cho, Hokkaido, as Circus hudsonius. The photo appeared in not only Morioka (1999) but also Maki (1998), and Maki and Onishi (2000). This bird was a male adult. Morioka (1999) also suggested that the harrier of which he took photos on 17 January 1982 in Nabeta, Aichi Prefecture, should be identified as Circus hudsonius. The same photo also appeared in Morioka et al. (1995), and Morioka also suggested in this book that the bird had characters of hudsonius. This bird was a juvenile. References: Maki, H. 1998, Birds of Prey in Japan, Heibon-sha, Tokyo (in Japanese). Maki, H. and Onishi, T. 2000, A Photographic Guide to the Birds of Japan 590. Heibon-sha, Tokyo (in Japanese). Morioka, T., Kanouchi, T., Kawata, T. and Yamagata, N. 1995, The Birds of Prey in Japan (in Japanese with some English). Morioka, T. 1999, "Study of Ssp. of Hen Harrier in North America", Birder 13(6): 66-69, 105 (in Japanese). (fide Yoshiki Watabe, June 2006)

- Munajiro-chuhi (Pallid Harrier) is listed without date or location in the checklist of A Birdwatcher's Guide to Japan, 1987. Usuhairo-chuhi (Pallid Harrier): it was said that a Pallid Harrier had been recorded with a photo at Ochiishi-misaki, Hokkaido on 3 January 1984. However, Mr. Teruaki Morioka identified it as a Hen Harrier, as (1) the pattern of the bird's face had been delicate and paler than the Pallid Harrier, and (2) the length of p5 had been seen to be the same length or longer than the length of p2. Reference: Nihon Yacho no Kai Yacho-kiroku Iinkai 1989. The Birds of First Record in Japan, Yacho 54(1): 38-43. (fide Yoshiki Watabe, 2005)

- Himehairo-chuhi (Montagu's Harrier). One was recorded at Izu-numa, Miyagi-ken on 4 March 1967, but the record is without photos. The record was published in Yacho 32(8):15. (fide Yoshiki Watabe, 2005)

- Indo-kujaku (Indian Peafowl): probably not seen in the wild.

- Mizugaki-chidori (Semipalmated Plover), Charadrius semipalmatus, 16 April 1996, Fukuoka; (?) 5 October 1999

- Koshijiro-uzura-shigi (White-rumped Sandpiper), Calidris fuscicollis, 7-8 August, Tamagawa mouth, Kanagawa. Photographed.

- Amerika-umisuzume (Cassin's Auklet). A Cassin's Auklet, Ptychoramphus aleuticus, was photographed on 19 March 2005 from the Ooarai-Tomakomai ferry by Mr. Masao Fukagawa. (fide Yoshiki Watabe, 2005)

- Kuroago-hime-aobato (Black-chinned Fruit-Dove), no details available

- Pied Cuckoo, Clamator jacobinus, Iriomote, 1997

- Seaka-joobitaki (Rufous-backed Redstart). One male was seen at Rishiri Island, Hokkaido, on 21 October 2000 (a color photo in Hokkaido-shinbun 14 November 2000). (fide Atsunori Fukuda, 2005)

- Kon-hitaki (White-tailed Robin) Cinclidium leucurum: one record on Danjo Isls (Nagasaki); may have been escapee

- Uta-tsugumi (Song Thrush) Turdus philomelos: a 1987 record may be of a Chinese Song Thrush, T. mupinensis.

- White-browed Shortwing, Brachypteryx montana: 28 Apr 2000, Hegurajima; may have been escapee.

- Mamiha-uchiwadori (Plain Prinia) Prinia inornata: one record, Tokashiki (Okinawa), 1987; may have been escapee.

- Kiiroutai-mushikui (Icterine Warbler) Hippolais icterina: An Icterine Warbler, Hippolais icterina, was observed by Mr. Toshikazu Oonishi (author of Nihon no Yacho 590, Heibon-sha) on 13 October 1995, Hegurajima, but a photo was not taken. (fide Yoshiki Watabe, 2005)

- Futabi-yanagi-mushikui (Two-barred Greenish Warbler) Phylloscopus (trochiloides) plumbeitarsus, considered by some to be a separate species, is accidental on Hegurajima.

- Kimayu-mushikui (Yellow-browed Warbler) Phylloscopus inornatus: increasing in Japan now, records on mainland Honshu accumilating. .

- Bafu-mushikui (Hume's Warbler) Phylloscopus humei is a recent split from Yellow-browed Warbler, P. inornatus, and may occur on offshore islands in the Sea of Japan.

- Booted Warbler, Hippolais caligata, is accidental on Hegurajima.

- Spotted Flycatcher, Muscicapa striata, was reported from Hegurajima in autumn 2004. What is the status of this record?

- Chabara-oruri (Vivid Niltava) Niltava vivida: two records from Okinawa, but may have been escapees. One male was captured at Itoman City, Okinawa Prefecture, on 2 May 1989 ("A Check-list of the Birds of Okinawa Prefecture with Notes on Recent Status including Hypothetical Records", Whirter et al., 1996, Bulletin of the Okinawa Prefectural Museum 22:33-152). I saw one adult male at Sonai, Yonaguni-jima, Okinawa Prefecture, on 24 March 1998. Mr. Motowaka et al. found it the same day. I did not take a photo, but a photo that Mr. Hika took on a later day is in A Guide to the Wild Birds of Okinawa (Okinawa Bird Study Society, 2002, published by Shinpou-shuppan). (fide Atsunori Fukuda, 2005)

- Seiboshi-kanmuri-gara (Yellow-cheeked Tit) P. spilonotus, Kita-hiroshima, Hokkaido, January-February 1991: escapee?

- Himekazari-ochu (Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo) Dicrurus remifer, no details on record.

- Chiyakinchoo (Red-headed Bunting) Emberiza bruniceps: some offshore records but may have been escapees.

- Shima-aoji (Yellow-breasted Bunting) Emberiza aureola: recent dramatic decline in numbers throughout range