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List of Australians: dead, missing
December 29, 2004 - 7:26PM

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* Eight Australians dead in the wake of the Indian Ocean tsunami.
* Ten missing.
* Twenty hospitalised
* DFAT knows of at least 5,500 Australians in tsunami affected areas.

DEAD:
Eight Australians confirmed dead. They are:

* Six-month-old baby girl, Melina Heppell, of Western Australia. Patong Beach, Thailand.
* Paul Giardina, 16, from Rosanna, Melbourne. Phuket, Thailand.
* 52-year-old Queensland businessman. Phuket, Thailand.
* Three-year-old girl from NSW. Thailand.
* 54-year-old Queensland man. Thailand.
* 81-year-old woman, a permanent resident in WA. Thailand.
* 49-year-old man with dual Australian-Sri Lankan citizenship. Sri Lanka.
* 59-year-old Queensland man in Thailand.

MISSING:
10 Australians missing feared dead, including seven in Thailand, two in Sri Lanka and one in the Nicobar Islands of India.

They include:
* Melbourne AFL player Troy Broadbridge, 24, on his honeymoon. Phuket.
* Cairns high school teacher Kym Walsh. Phuket.
* Jim Sparrow, of Maddington, Perth. Patong.

FOUND:
* Melbourne businessman Bill Stahmer, feared missing in Phuket.

HOSPITALISED:
* 7 in Thailand
* 2 in Sri Lanka
* 1 in India

CONTACT NUMBERS:
* Australians concerned about relatives or friends should call 1800 002214.
* Australians in need of consular assistance should contact the consular emergency centre in Canberra on +61 1300 555 135.
* Australians in need of help in Phuket can contact a temporary consular office in Phuket's Hilton Hotel, at 333 Thanon Patak (Patak Road), Karon Beach, phone (+66) 76 370 672.

AAP

Report: Earth's magnetic field fading
Slight chance of flipping magnetic poles
Friday, December 12, 2003 Posted: 9:45 AM EST (1445 GMT)

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SAN FRANCISCO (AP) -- The strength of the Earth's magnetic field has decreased 10 percent over the past 150 years, raising the remote possibility that it may collapse and later reverse, flipping the planet's poles for the first time in nearly a million years, scientists said.

At that rate of decline, the field could vanish altogether in 1,500 to 2,000 years, said Jeremy Bloxham of Harvard University.

Hundreds of years could pass before a flip-flopped field returned to where it was 780,000 years ago. But scientists at a meeting of the American Geophysical Union cautioned that scenario is an unlikely one.

"The chances are it will not," Bloxham said Thursday. "Reversals are a rare event."

Instead, the weakening, measured since 1845, could represent little more than an "excursion," or lull, which can last for hundreds of years, said John Tarduno of the University of Rochester.

Such a lull could still have significant effects, especially in regions where the weakening is most pronounced.

Over the southern Atlantic Ocean, a continued weakening of the magnetic field has diminished the shielding effect it has locally in protecting the Earth from the natural radiation that bombards our planet from space, scientists said.

As a result, satellites in low-Earth orbit are left vulnerable to that radiation as they pass over the region, known as the South Atlantic anomaly.

Among the satellites that have fallen prey to the harmful effects was a Danish satellite designed, ironically, to measure the Earth's magnetic field, Bloxham said.

The weakening -- if coupled with a subsequently large influx of radiation in the form of protons streaming from the sun -- can also affect the chemistry of the atmosphere, said Charles Jackman of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.

That can lead to significant but temporary losses of atmospheric ozone, he said.

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Spherical Trigonometry

Related to Distance Computation
  
Revised 01-Mar-2001

1. INTRODUCTION

2. DEFINITIONS

3. SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY FORMULAS

3.1 Notations

3.2 Length computation

4. INTERSECTION OF TWO ARCS OF GREAT CIRCLES

4.1 Principle

4.1.1 Assumptions

4.1.2 Principle

4.2 Calculus

4.2.1 Check null arcs

4.2.2 Converting geographical location from degrees to radians

4.2.3 Converting geographical location into Cartesian system

4.2.4 Equation of a plane

4.2.5 Coordinates of great circles crossing points on the earth

4.2.6 Converting Cartesian system into geographical location

4.2.7 Check location of crossing points with arcs of great circles

4.3 Summary

INTRODUCTION 
This paper describes the content of the current procedures developed by 
DED4 Section 5 and used in the CRCO to solve a set of problems related to locations, length and angles on the surface of the Earth

This document is given by EUROCONTROL for information purposes only. Its content is NOT the final version that will be used for operational purposes. EUROCONTROL cannot accept any responsibility due to a possible misuse of this text.

The content of this document can be copied freely, provided this disclaimer notice is accepted, and that the information contained is not sold or included into a product developed for commercial purposes.

EUROCONTROL is the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation

DED is The Directorate of EATCHIP Implementation

CRCO is the Central Route Charges Office

EATCHIP is the European Air Traffic Control Harmonization and Integration Program.

Definitions 
The basic classical formulas are based on a spherical triangle, which is a figure on the surface of the sphere enclosed by three arcs of great circles (see Fig. 1.)

Notation: in the triangle ABC, the angle ABC=B, angle BAC=A, angle BCA=C and side AC=b, side CB=a and AB=c. We will also call the points at the three vertices of the triangle A, B and C (�A� will represent the measure of the angle BAC as well as the name of the point). The same convention will be used for sides: for instance �a� will be the name of the side BC and will also represent the measure of the orthodromic length between point B and C.

The length of each side a,b,c is expressed either in nautical miles (nm) or as an angle (because a, b, c are great circles 1 nm = 1 minute of angle).

There are two main formulas expressing relations between angles and sides in a spherical triangle:

the three cosine formulas:

the sine formula:

Spherical trigonometry formulas 
Notations 
For computing purposes, we can set the top point of the spherical triangle at the North pole and call it P, then the sides a and b can be expressed in radians coming directly from the colatitude of points B and A. (see Fig.2.)

Angle P (at the North Pole) can be expressed as a difference of longitude between point A and B.

Side m is the length between points located at angles A and B.

ZA is the azimuth at A of the side m with the meridian AP.

Note 1: a colatitude is the angle between North Pole and the latitude. It is:

Note 2: we can use both latitude or colatitude in formulas, assuming that:

Length computation 
The orthodromic length between two points can be found directly by using a cosine formula. For instance, searching for m by using Fig. 2 we can express:

The following example is a function programmed in "C" data processing language. It processes a distance expressed in nautical miles from two coordinates given in parameter and expressed in minutes of angle. This distance is always positive and will never exceed half of the circumference of the earth which is 10800 nm.

Notes:

A test is made before calling arcos, because the argument of arcos must be between -1 and +1, in order to return respectively a value between PI and 0). 
We use the latitude instead of colatitude and then the sines are changed into cosines and vice-versa. 
#define PI 3.14159265358979323846

double distance(double l1, double g1, double l2, double g2)

/* expressed in minutes */

{

double lati1 = PI*l1/10800.0; /* conversion in radian ... */

double lngi1 = PI*g1/10800.0;

double lati2 = PI*l2/10800.0;

double lngi2 = PI*g2/10800.0;

double v = sin(lati1)*sin(lati2) + cos(lati1)*cos(lati2)*cos(lngi1-lngi2);

if (v >= 1.0) return 0.0;

if (v <= -1.0) return 10800.0;

return (10800.0 * acos(v) / PI); /* distance is expressed in nautical mile */

}

Intersection of two arcs of great circles 
This part of the document describes the content of the current function defined by DED4 Section 5 and applied by the CRCO to calculate the intersection of two arcs of great circles. One arc is a segment on the route of the aircraft, the other is a FIR boundary segment.

This part is sub-divided in three sections:

Principle 
Calculus 
Summary 
Principle 
The shortest path between two points on the surface of the spheroid is along the arc of a geodesic curve. On the surface of a sphere the geodesic curves are the great circles.

Assumptions 
We suppose that the earth is a sphere.

We suppose that aircraft are always looking for the shortest path, and then fly along an arc of great circle between two route points. It also means that the longest part of a great circle is always less or equal to half of the perimeter of the earth.

Principle 
The purpose is to find the intersection point between two arcs of a great circle, that can represent for instance a segment on the route of the aircraft, and a segment of the FIR boundary.

The calculations are made in Cartesian coordinates and use classical geometry in third dimension (vectors, line, planes).

The arcs are along great circles which, by definition, are a plane cutting of the earth by its center.

Two arcs of great circles generate two great circles, which generate two planes which both cut the earth by its center. We already note that these two planes can only:

be exactly overlapping (in this case they will be identical) or, 
intersect each other along a line in space. 
If the two planes intersect, it is along a line in space which crosses the surface of the earth at two points (exactly opposite to each other). We must check if one of these two points belongs to both the arcs of great circles. if yes, we have a solution, otherwise we have not.

If the two planes are identical, it means that the two arcs of great circle are aligned. In this case, even if the arcs have a common part there is no solution (in fact this case is handled outside this function in the context of the CRCO/RSO project)

Fig. 1

Calculus 
The different steps of the calculus are identified within different paragraphs. The logical succession of these steps are respected to the case where we found a solution (the two arcs cross). See the summary at the end of the document to get an overview.

The function, generally called "iagc" for "Intersection d�Arc de Grands Cercles" (in French) will return a code and may be a result. The different cases are detailed below:

Table 1

CASES 
 RESULT 
 COMMENT 
 
1 
 1 point 
 The great circles cross at a point which is located on both arcs. 
 
2 
 No point 
 - The two arcs of the circle are aligned and have or not a common part, arcs have a null length.

- None of the great circles crossing points are located on both arcs.

Check null arcs 
Before starting any calculation, we check that the two arcs have a non-null length.

In case of null value, there is no solution.

Converting geographical location from degrees to radians 
By making the assumption that geographical coordinates are expressed in degrees with decimals, the transformation into radian is:

Converting geographical location into Cartesian system 
The two arcs of a great circle are represented by four points P1, P2, P3 and P4 located on the earth (two points for each arc). These points are expressed in latitude and longitude (that must be transformed in radian before any calculation). We must convert them into x,y,z coordinates. Knowing the equation of a sphere having a radius of one, we have for the first point P1(lat1,lon1):

Note: The center of the earth is at the origin and OZ is pointing "upward" to the North pole.

Equation of a plane 
The generic equation of a plane containing the origin of axes (which is a plane crossing the center of the earth) is:

This type of plane is created from only two points which are the extremities of an arc of great circle (default third point is the center of the earth).

So, from P1 and P2 (extremities of the first arc) we create the vector V1 (vector director of the first plane, perpendicular to it) and from P3 and P4 (extremities of the second arc) we calculate V2 (vector director of the second plane, perpendicular to it). V1 and V2 are in fact results of a vectorial product. The expression of V1 is:

In order to facilitate the test to identify if the two planes are identical, we calculate the unit vector U1 and U2 from V1 and V2. For instance the calculus for U1 is:

The test checks if the two vectors U1 and U2 are identical. Note the use of epsilon which is positive and very small.

Cordinates of great circles crossing points on the earth 
If the two planes are different, they cross along a line in space which is represented by the following equation:

This line has a vector director D which is the result of the vectorial product of the two vector director perpendicular to the planes:

Because the sphere representing the earth has a radius of one, again we calculate the unit vector of D, so that it touches the surface of the sphere. This vector S1 and its opposite S2 directly give the coordinates of the crossing point of the two non-overlapping great circles on the sphere.

Converting Cartesian system into geographical location 
We know two ways of doing it. The first method, presented here, is the exact inverse of the procedure used in the paragraph "Converting geographical location from degrees to radians". The second one, which may be longer, uses calculation of angle from projected length with a rotation around the origin.

The first method processes the latitude from the z coordinate (remember OZ axe is pointing "upward"). We use arc sine which returns an angle in the range from -PI/2 to PI/2 which corresponds respectively to South Pole and North Pole:

The longitude is calculated from, for instance, x coordinate using arc cosine. Because arc cosine returns an angle only from 0 to PI, we must check the sign of the angle return from arc sine calculated from y coordinate. If the sign is negative the angle for longitude must be in the range from 0 to -PI (also negative).

Check location of crossing points with arcs of great circles 
Once S1 and S2 are known, we must make sure, in order to have a solution, that the location of one of them is present on both arcs of a great circle.

The check of the location of S1 and S2 is simply based on orthodromic length, calculated with geographical coordinates, between extremities of arcs and S1 or S2.

L1t is the total length of the first arc, while l1a is the length between one extremity of the arc to S1, and l1b the length from the other extremity to S1. "Test1" equals 0 means that S1 is somewhere on the first arc. To check if S1 is also on the second arc let�s calculate "test2":

If S1 is located on the first arc and also on the second arc (test1=test2=0), S1 is the solution. If not, the same check must done with the other point S2 (the opposite of S1). If none of the two checks are positive, there is no solution: arcs do not intersect.

Improvements (in respect of accuracy and processing time) are currently being studied, and will be implemented in future versions.

Summary

I got a good headache after reading it too, good stuff though.

JT8D General Information  
Revised 24-Mar-2001    
  
 Design Spec's
The JT8D is an axial flow, dual spool, low bypass ratio, fully ducted turbofan. It's specification depends on the dash model.

Take Off Thrust:
Pounds of thrust 84 deg F (28.9'C)
JT8D-7,-7A, -7B: 14,000 lbs thrust
JT8D-9, -9A: 14,500 lbs thrust
JT8D-11: 15,000 lbs thrust
JT8D-15,15A: 15,500 lbs thrust
JT8D-17,-17A: 16,000 lbs thrust
Pounds of thrust to 77 deg F (25'C)
JT8D-17R,-17AR: 16,400 / 17,400 lbs thrust (reserve take of thrust)

Bypass Ratio:
1:1 (approx.)

Total Airflow: 
315 to 331 lb/sec

Compression Ratio:
LPC 4.2 to 4.4
HPC 3.8 to 4
Overall 15.8 to 17.5

Dry Weight:
3,205 to 3,500 LB

Configuration:
Full length annular duct
6 Stage front (LP) compressor including 2 fan stages
7 Stage rear (HP) compressor
Combustion section 9 combustion chambers
1 Stage front compressor drive turbine
3 Stage rear compressor drive turbine
7 Main bearings

Dimensions: 
42.5 inches (Dia) 123.6 inches (length)

Direction References: 
A standard directional reference makes it easy to locate components and parts of the engine. Look at the engine from the rear, left and right sides and clock angular positions. The top of the engine is referred to as the 12:00 (twelve o'clock) the bottom is 6:00.

Missing persons

Location: Phuket
Resort: Unknown
Name: Tan Peng Cher Violet
Contact: Boon Teck
Mobile: +65 96666506
Email: boonteck@gmail.com

I'm currently looking for a close relative who is missing in Thailand after the tsunami struck. Her name is Francisca Cooper. She is caucasian, blond wavy hair, 1.70 mts tall, athletic, 26 years old, chilean, and was spending her honeymoon with her husband Mr. Aurelio Montes at the Princess Resort in Phi Phi Island. She has a small scar at the front base of her neck. Her whole family is really desperate, and we don't know if she's alive or conscious. What we do know is that she doesn't know much english, so we guess it won't be easy to identify her once they find her. If you have any information concerning her whereabouts, please write to the e-mail that appears in this page. We will also deeply thank you if you spread her picture by e-mail or other means. mcooper08121975@yahoo.com

I am looking for a person who was in Thailand, his name is: Jim Karas - anyone knowing anything about him please contact STEVEN CLAUSEN mailto:stvmugcl@msn.com

Norberto Leone is looking for Nerio Baratta who was in a hospital in phuket. Want to send their love and hear from him. IK2THS Radio Frequency HS/IK4MRH. Cell phone 335/7015625. Please contact mailto:nleone@libero.it

Sismo del 15 de noviembre de 2004, en la Costa Pac�fica Colombiana

Fotos cortes�a de EL TIEMPO

Localizaci�n del sismo >>>
R�plicas >>> 
Movimiento fuerte >>> 
Marco tect�nico >>>
Mecanismo Focal >>>
Zona de Subducci�n del Pac�fico Colombiano >>>
Sismicidad reciente en el Occidente Colombiano >>> 
Sismos destacados en la Zona Pac�fica Colombiana >>> 
Distribuci�n preliminar de da�os >>> 
Otro sitios que presentan informaci�n del sismo >>> 
Descargue el Formulario para la Evaluaci�n de Intensidad S�smica (Escala EMS - 92/98*) en formato Word >>>

Localizaci�n del sismo

Localizaci�n del sismo del 15 de noviembre a las 2004, 9:06 UT y r�plicas principales. Mecanismo focal del Grupo de Sismolog�a de la Universidad de Harvard.
Click para ver la figura ampliada 
 
Cada l�nea horizontal corresponde a una estaci�n sismol�gica, el c�digo que aparece a la izquierda corresponde al nombre la estaci�n. TOL, Tolima; pop, Popay�n; CUM, Cumbal; FLO, Florencia; CHI, Chingaza; RUS, La Rusia; BAR, Barichara; OCA, Oca�a; GUA, Guaviare; KEN, Kennedy; MAL, M�laga y TUM, Tumaco.
Click para ver la figura ampliada

El sismo del 15 de noviembre a las 2004, 9:06 UT (4:06 a.m. hora local), de magnitud local 6.7, fue localizado en las coordenadas 4.81�N y 77.79�W y tuvo una profundidad superficial, seg�n la Red Sismol�gica Nacional de Ingeominas (RSNC). El epicentro est� a 51 km. hacia el suroeste del municipio de Bajo Baud� en la Costa Pac�fica del Choc� (Colombia). La magnitud Mw estimada por el Grupo de Sismolog�a de la Universidad de Harvard es 7.1. 
La localizaci�n del sismo y su mecanismo focal permiten asociarlo al segmento central de la Zona de Subducci�n del Pac�fico Colombiano. El mayor sismo instrumental en esta zona de fosa se registr� el 19/11/1991 (Mw 7.2), una decena de kil�metros al sureste del sismo de Noviembre 15, 2004.

Vachira Hospital (Phuket) : Patients list of deaths
Website : www.vachiraphuket.go.th 
Telephone: (66) 76 217293, (66) 76 217289, (66) 76 213784 
31 December 2004 / Update 15:35:04 40  
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NATION ????
Name / Last Name  ?????????
LASTDATE ????????? 
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BURMA ??? ????? ??????? 30/12/2547 ????????? (SEND BACK) 
THAILAND ??. ?????? ????????? ???? 31 ?? 
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KOREA MR. JEONG EUN LIM /AGE. 19 
?????????? KOREA
Mrs. Cim Jong Chun  28/12/2547
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28/12/2547 ????????? (SEND BACK)
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JAPAN Mrs. ??????? ????????
Mrs. MAMIKO ITE 27/12/2547
26/12/2547 ????????? (SENT BACK)
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FRANCE Mr. CARRARO JEANJACONES 26/12/2547 ?????????????? (NO SENT BACK) 
GERMANY MR. PASSARDL WERNEN / AGE. 53
??? ???????? ?????????  MR.WORTHER HANGGER 
 27/12/2547
29/12/2547 ?????????????? (NO SENT BACK)
?????????????? (NO SENT BACK) 
NORWAY Mr. JORGEN JANANSEN 26/12/2547 ?????????????? (NO SENT BACK) 
NETERLAN ?????????? ????? ???????? 29/12/2547 ????????? (SENT BACK)  
UNITED KINGDOM  MR. HATTER DANEAL 
Mr. ROGER JAME HANKINSA 
MR. SAI WAI 
 26/12/2547
26/12/2547 
28/12/2547 ????????? (SEND BACK) 
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SWITZERLAND MISS ANNA MARGRI THUPUKLER 
MR. JEAN DANIEL ROBERT /AGE. 59  26/12/2547
26/12/2547 ????????? (SEND BACK)
?????????????? (NO SENT BACK) 
SWEDEN MR. MATS SASTAN / AGE. 47
??? ??????? ??????? MRS. JUREEKA WEKKHIM 28/12/2547
29/12/2547 ?????????????? (NO SENT BACK)
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ITALY FABRJZIO FANEST /AGE. 40  27/12/2547 ?? ????????? (SEND BACK)  
UNKNOWN  ??. ????
MR. JORGEN JANANSEN 
MR. ROGER JAME HANKINSA 
????????????????? LADY UNKNOW NAME (18.15) 
MISS LEONE COSENS
????????????????? ?????????? LADY FROM KHOW LAK 
????????????????/ MAN UNKNOW NAME 
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