| Part I. Of Nature |
| Chapter 1 - In general When considering Nature we must consider a few things: 1. Animals (being the only true way that we may discover how man was or would be in the State of Nature) 2. Natural Needs (being those things which one strives to gain in the State of Nature, and when one does not, one dies) 3. Natural Rights 4. Natural Law It is of these four things which we will consider in this part. Chapter 2 - Of Animals We must first realize why animals exist to themselves, that is to say, what it is that makes animals wish to live. The answer to this is simple: to preserve their own genes. And from this follows the genes of their children and descendants. Thus, we see that the only reason that animals survive is simply procreation. We must use this realization to understand why animals so often band together into Packs, Schools, Pods, Prides, etc. This follows from the first realization (that animals exist to preserve their genes). We see that even animals, who do not live in political societies, as man does, have realized that their genes may be better sustained when living in groups, or loosely bound societies. Here, I must emphasize loosely bound, for there is no law binding these animal societies, thus some may not even consider these to be societies, however, we see that animal societies are really only primitive, loosely bound societies who live only under Natural Law (which will be discussed later) and no law of their own making. Thus, we see that even animals enter into society. This is because they realize that their own descendants may be better preserved and protected if they enter into society. This is shown as follows: Most packs divide into two groups: the male and the female/young. The male are often entrusted with the hunting (and thus providing for the nutritious needs of the “family”). Also, the females are often entrusted with the care of the young (which ensures that the animals will carry out their purpose). Thus we see that animal societies (like human societies) are originally tied by needs (and how they may best be met) and by obligation (being the fulfilling of purpose). We will now move to a more detailed analysis of needs. Chapter 3 - Of Natural Needs The Natural Needs are all derived from the Primary Need of Procreation. These Natural Needs are necessary if animals are to achieve their purpose of Procreation. The Natural Needs (which may also be considered Physical Needs) may be divided into two types: Internal Needs - requirements of the presence of something for survival External Needs - requirements of the absence of something for survival or the protection from something for survival Internal Needs are essentially the nutritional needs: the needs for food and for water. These needs are obviously essential to Procreation, for we see that an animal who has never received food or water will die before they are able to Procreate. Thus, these internal needs are necessary for procreation. External Needs are those needs such as shelter and other protection. This can include claws (for protection from hostile animals), fur or hair (for protection from death be freezing), and many others. These are also obviously needs because without proper protection, animals would die before Procreation was possible. Thus the External Needs are also Natural Needs. Chapter 4 - Of Natural Rights Natural rights are those rights which one must (by deriving from definition) have in order to carry out one’s purpose, thus we may find the natural rights by looking at what all animals (including man) require for the carrying out of they purpose. Thus, we must look at these natural rights as a hierarchy, with each right derived from the right prior and the original right derived from the natural purpose. We see, then, that the first natural right is SELF-PRESERVATION, the right to preserve one’s self, for if one does not preserve one’s self, then one dies and does not fulfill the purpose of procreation. We now see that the second natural right is the right TO FULFILL NEEDS, for if one’s needs are not met, one does not achieve self preservation and thus does not achieve procreation. We now see that there are no other rights for, nothing is necessary to fulfill one’s needs except the simple fulfilling of one’s needs. Thus we may move on to my next chapter where I will discuss Natural Law. Chapter 5 - Of the Natural Laws Natural Laws describe several things, however those which are most common are known as Scientific Laws (such as gravity). However, not all natural laws are related to the current discussion therefore, my discussion of natural law will be limited to those which are related. Those natural laws which I explore will be of two types: First, the laws of PEACE, being the time when all needs can be met without conflict and Second, the laws of WAR, being the time when not all needs may be met. First, the Laws of Peace: Firstly, when peace exists there can be no killing for any purpose, for if all needs are to be met, then all animals will achieve Self Preservation and if all animals achieve Self Preservation then we see that there can be no killing, which takes away Self Preservation. Thus the first law of Peace is: In PEACE, no KILLING is allowed. For killing would unnecessarily take away the right of another animal to SELF PRESERVATION. Thus, we see that, since there are carnivores (animals which eat only meat), there must be killing in the State of Nature somewhere at all times otherwise not all needs are being met and the State of Peace is impossible. Thus, we see that in the State of Nature there can be no true Peace, for needs are always in conflict. Thus we must move on to the laws of War. The Laws of War: First, the State of War is NOT CONSTANTLY VIOLENT, meaning that though Nature is always in a State of War, there is not always a violent state of War involving every animal. Secondly, in times when the State of War turns violent, the FITTEST WILL PREVAIL. FITTEST meaning the animal with the greatest combination of physical and mental skill. We see that man would hate the State of Nature, being a State of War. For their Self Preservation is always at risk, thus we see that man entered into Political Societies to protect their Self Preservation, and cease the State of War. Thus, we see that Societies exist for the Preservation of the State of Peace within the Society. Part II |
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