For this music console, click on first button to start music, second button to pause and third button to stop the music.  Just ignore the buttons on the right, please!

***Marilyn's Ancestors***

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My Native American relatives

John Thomas HALCUM b.  April 11, 1832 in Alabama d.  June 20, 1908 in Imboden, AR m. Nancy BRAZIL b.  January 12, 1836 d.  March 19, 1932 in Imboden, AR Elizabeth Dee HALCUM b. 1872 in Imboden, AR d. 1940 in West Plains, MO m. William THARP b.  ? d.  November 1895 in Imboden, AR Emma Canzata THARP b.  October 31, 1895 in Imboden, AR d.  April 26, 1988 in Imboden, AR m.  Arthur Ingwer JESSEN b.  September 2, 1890 in Port Clinton, OH d.  September 20, 1980 in Imboden, AR

--Nancy BRAZIL-- Dutch descent

--John Thomas HALCUM-- CREEK  TRIBE  (ALABAMA)

Elizabeth Dee HALCUM

See photo of Lizzie Dee's brother's family (John W. Halcum) below..

William THARP QUAPAW  TRIBE (ARKANSAS)

Arthur JESSEN German descent

Emma THARP-JESSEN

Jim Tharp - Emma's brother Died young with scarlet fever

The John W. Halcum Family. Left to Right: (top) Evelyn, John, Melvin, William, (bottom) Belle, Nancy, Annie Mae.

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Back to HOMEPAGE Last update 5/17/2002

THE QUAPAW INDIANS -- A HISTORY OF THE DOWNSTREAM PEOPLE

by: W. David Baird

"...militant invaders necessitated an abandonment of their prehistoric homeland and a migration to more distant lands.  The QUAPAWS and their kinsmen, though, did not flee all at once or in disarray.  The process was a lengthy one, perhaps encompassing a century or more.  According to the various tribal traditions, when the Dhegihas in their westward movement reached the Mississippi, they attempted to cross the river in skin boats.  After the Osages had reached the western shore, a heavy mist arose, preventing the rest of the migrants from crossing.  The Omahas went north up the river and crossed in the vicinity of present Des Moines.  The QUAPAWS, however, went downstream, later to appear on the Arkansas River.  To their kindred variations of the emigration tradition, one essential fact is clear.  As the Dhegiha Sioux migrated westward, its member tribes separated and went differnet ways, with the QUAPAWS moving south along the eastern shore of the Mississippi eventually establishing themselves on the west bank above and on the Arkansas River.  Ancient animosity existed between the QUAPAWS and Chickasaws, their immediate neighbors to the east, across the Mississippi River.  The Tunicas were situated below the QUAPAWS near the mouth of the Yazoo River. The DOWNSTREAM PEOPLE were recent arrivals in the Arkansas and Mississipi River region when they were first encountered by the French in 1673.  They were pushed out of their Ohio Valley settlements after 1600 by well-armed Iroquoian and Algonquin invaders.  By the mid-17th century the QUAPAWS turned down the Mississippi, pushing before them previous occupants of the region and not hesitating to establish their own communities on the ruins of the dispossessed.  In their personal appearance, the DOWNSTREAM PEOPLE were impressive.  One Frenchman judged them "the best formed Savages we have seen," while another described them as "better made" than northern Indians, while still another reckoned them "as the largest and handsomest of all the Indians of this continent" and worthy of the characterization, "the handsome men".  Their complexions were dark, their eyes elongated, and their features aquiline.  Habits of bodily cleanliness and characteristics of honesty, fidelity, constraint, and lightheartedness added still other dimensions to the general attractiveness of the QUAPAWS.  That the QUAPAWS were able to sustain an extensive trade suggested the quality of their workmanship.  Another skillful experssion of their culture was music.  Such music when combined with a dance seemed to some as comparing favorably with the opening of a ballet in Paris."