CHAPTER 1 OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

I. Chemistry
     A. What is Chemistry?
          1. The study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
          2. Five major areas (branches) of chemistry
               a. Organic -- contain carbon
               b. Inorganic -- contain no carbon
               c. Analytical -- composition of stuff
               d. Physical -- behavior of chemicals
               e. Biochemistry -- living organisms
     B. Why Study Chemistry?
          1. Everything is made of chemicals
          2. Choices
               a. Daily - what to eat, what to wear
               b. Citizens of the planet
          3. Professional Chemist
               a. Applied chemistry (technology)
                    1. Used to benefit/harm people and/or the environment
               b. Pure chemistry
                    1. Knowledge for the sake of knowledge
II. Chemistry Far and Wide
     A. Materials
          1. We use chemicals (materials) for our advantage
               a. Plastics, steel, rubber, paint, lubricant, fiber optics, etc.
     B. Energy
          1. Population increases, demand for energy increases
               a. Conserve energy
               b. Increase production of energy
          2. Most common methods to get energy
               a. Fossil fuels (oil, coal, and natural gas)
          3. Alternative methods
               a. Alternate fossil fuels (oil shale)
               b. Biomass (garbage) - H Power in Campbell industrial park
          4. Renewable alternatives
               a. Solar
               b. Wind
               c. Geothermal
               d. Oceanthermal
               e. Hydro/Tidal
               f. Hydrogen fuel
               g. Nuclear fission and fusion
          5. Improve current stuff (batteries = alkaline -- Ni-Cd -- Li-I)
     C. Medicine and Biotechnology
          1. Medicines and drugs
          2. Synthetic parts (hips, arteries, etc.)
          3. Cure diseases
     D. Agriculture
          1. Better plants (fertilizers)
          2. Protect crops (herbicides/pesticides)
     E. The Environment
          1. Pollution
               a. Car exhaust
               b. Greenhouse effect - Carbon dioxide
               c. CFC's -- ozone depletion
     F. Astronomy and Space Exploration
III. Thinking Like a Scientist
     A. The Scientific Method
          1. Steps (parts)
               a. Observation (senses) -- notice a phenomenon
               b. Hypothesis -- proposed explanation to phenomenon
               c. Experiment -- test hypothesis
                    1. Needs to be repeatable
               d. If hypothesis is wrong, then change it and repeat experiment
               e. If hypothesis is correct, then repeat multiple times to check validity
               f. Theory -- broad explanation (believed to be true, but not proven to be absolute)
                    1. Explains why/how something happens
          2. Scientific Law
               a. Concise statement of the results of many experiments (proven fact)
               b. States what will happen

Outline based upon:
     Matta, M. S., Staley, D.D., Waterman, E. L., & Wilbraham, A. C. (2000). Chemistry, Addison-Wesley. (5th ed.). Menlo Park, CA: Prentice Hall. pp. 3-17


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