Comments and speculation on S21 mutation
(last updated 1st
December 2005)
Currently, only ten people
are S21 derived or positive out of 42 with S21 results. Five belong to the
R1bSTR22Frisian subgroup, two to a closely linked subgroup R1bSTR27, one to
R1bSTR3, one to R1bSTR42 and one to a subgroup extremely close to the R1b modal
(R1bSTR11). To date, no members of the “Irish” or “Scots” subgroups have been
S21 positive. The tabulation of results is shown in Fig 1 below adjacent to a
phylogram showing the relationship between the STR clusters. For those
interested in the modal haplotype of the various clusters they are summarised
in the following tables (phase 3 analysis modal values).
A Chi square test was
undertaken grouping results from R1bSTR22Frisian and R1bSTR27 with the rest of
the R1b clusters. While the numbers are marginal (1 expected cell number was
markedly less than 5) after a Yates continuity correction was employed a
significant result was observed (p = 2.6 x E-6 ). This result suggests that the
STR clustering is providing significantly useful information to predict the S21
SNP allele status.
However, in my opinion until
we get a better sampling of the R1b clusters, the numbers are still
insufficient for any clear cut conclusions. I feel we need to get 2 or more
people sampled for each of the S21 negative clusters and 5 or more people
sampled from the S21 positive clusters. The following comments should be
classed as informed speculation.
Selected results for the S21
positive individuals and selected R1b STR clusters of interest are shown below.
If the 10 S21+ (derived) individuals are grouped together and a STR modal
calculated for their 37 FTDNA markers stored in Ysearch, they show considerable
diversity between individuals (differ at 8-17 markers) and with the modal
itself (differ at 5-10 markers). Using an “effective” STR mutation rate
estimate of 0.0007 and a generation length of 28 years via Dean McGee’s
Y-utility http://www.mymcgee.com/tools/yutility.html provides an estimate that the S21 variant
appeared ~9231 years ago, several thousand years after R1b itself. Three
clusters R1bSTR20, R1bSTR22Frisian and R1bSTR27 are closest to the S21 modal.
There is no surprise for the latter 2, because most members come from these
groups, but results from R1bSTR20 have yet to be reported. I would hazard a guess that individuals
within this group will also be found to be S21 positive, but it would be
extremely valuable to have confirmation from several individuals. Nichols
UY8W4, Lovelace F323W and Blakely BNP5U are unusual individuals being S21
positive and inhabiting separate clusters, from the majority of S21 positives.
However, the differences from R1bSTR20 and R1bSTR27 modals are often not marked
and it will be interesting to identify if they are aberrant individuals not
clustered correctly, or represent an as
yet unidentified, but related group.
Relative to their frequency
within R1b, the “Scots”, “Irish” and “Frisian” clusters have been tested
approximately twice as frequently for S21 than other R1b clusters. This is
because it is suspected that the first two clusters represent a fraction of the
“aboriginal” inhabitants of Britain and Ireland respectively, who in turn are
derived from an R1b Iberian refugia population from the last ice age. The
Frisian cluster in contrast may represent an R1b variety that in prehistory
after the last ice age resided in the northern European mainland. It is not yet
known when the S21 mutation happened, but because of its current frequency
within R1b, it was perhaps towards the end of the last ice age, and possibly in
a distinct non-Iberian refugia.
Many clusters have yet to be
sampled and it is still quite possible given the age of the mutation that
several separate and distinct unrelated clusters may also be found to be S21
positive as the branching structure of the R1b clusters is poorly resolved.
The overall results to date
are consistent with S21 being a unique subclade of R1b1c and formed around the
end of the last ice-age. It is less certain how well current 37 FTDNA STR
haplotypes can be used to define S21 positive individuals, but the tentative
evidence suggests that at least some sub-groups may be distinct enough to be
identified.
Comments and speculation M167
Excitingly, we also now have
two members of the subclade R1b1c6 (M167 positive) shown to be negative for
S21. M167 (also known as SRY-2627) positive individuals (R1b1c6) are rarely
reported and have also been ascribed an Iberian origin (see listserver
summary by David Wilson, Hurles
et al. 1999 and a summary of the
M167 literature). These individuals differ in their 37 marker haplotype at
13 markers. Using the same mutation rate and generation interval as described
above provided an estimate of TMRCA of 9072 yr bp, similar to the estimates
obtained from reanalysis of data from Beleza et al (2005) of 8198 yrs bp and
9874 yrs bp from Hurles et al. 1999. We need more and better data, but it
suggests the SNP is very old. Its frequency is obviously lower than S21 at
least in the populations examined to date. Interestingly, ancestors of both
individuals came from the south coast of Britain and this suggests contact and
trading with northern Spain.
Update from Jim Wilson private information on S21
Jim Wilson has been
examining individuals from Orkney and has identified 15 S21 positive
individuals. Unfortunately only 9 STR markers have been genotyped. Of these 15
individuals, 7 have a pattern consistent with a “Frisian” or associated cluster
signature. Some care is needed here because the information is rather
tentative. The remaining 8, however, are quite different and more closely
resemble R1b clusters R1bSTR42-45 with DYS390=24, DYS391=10 and DYS392=14. To
date we have only identified one such individual in the public work (Blakely
BNP5U).
My tentative summary is that
just because you don’t closely match the Frisian modal STR haplotype, does not
mean you can assume you will be S21 negative. In fact we may find that several
more R1b STR clusters to be S21 positive.
We may also find that the number of STR markers we are using may do a
poor job of resolving this subclade.
Table 1. Haplotypes
of S21 positive individuals, their modal haplotype and selected Haplogroup R
clusters. The R1b clusters chosen are those most distinct from R1b, those close
to the S21 modal or containing a S21 individual.
ID |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
G |
Y |
Y |
D |
D |
D |
D |
C |
C |
D |
D |
|||||
modal_S21only |
13 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
18 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
24 |
15 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
11 |
11 |
19 |
23 |
17 |
15 |
17 |
17 |
37 |
38 |
13 |
12 |
|||||
Nichols_UY8W4 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
18 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
15 |
19 |
31 |
15 |
17 |
17 |
17 |
11 |
11 |
19 |
23 |
16 |
15 |
16 |
16 |
37 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|||||
Nichols_23UDR |
13 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
13 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
18 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
24 |
15 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
16 |
16 |
18 |
11 |
10 |
19 |
23 |
18 |
14 |
18 |
17 |
36 |
39 |
13 |
12 |
|||||
Creel_28UTA |
13 |
23 |
15 |
12 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
28 |
14 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
15 |
19 |
30 |
14 |
15 |
14 |
18 |
11 |
11 |
19 |
23 |
17 |
15 |
17 |
17 |
38 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|||||
Ozment_35UQ4 |
13 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
15 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
11 |
11 |
19 |
23 |
17 |
15 |
17 |
18 |
36 |
38 |
13 |
12 |
|||||
Hart_7FZUQ |
13 |
23 |
14 |
12 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
13 |
30 |
19 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
23 |
15 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
10 |
10 |
19 |
23 |
18 |
15 |
17 |
17 |
35 |
37 |
13 |
12 |
|||||
Blakely_BNP5U |
13 |
24 |
14 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
27 |
18 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
24 |
15 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
15 |
15 |
17 |
18 |
35 |
38 |
11 |
12 |
|||||
Lovelace_F323W |
13 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
15 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
24 |
14 |
19 |
29 |
14 |
15 |
17 |
18 |
10 |
11 |
19 |
21 |
15 |
14 |
17 |
17 |
37 |
39 |
12 |
12 |
|||||
Lovelace_RJEF9 |
13 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
16 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
24 |
15 |
19 |
27 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
11 |
10 |
19 |
23 |
17 |
15 |
17 |
17 |
37 |
39 |
12 |
12 |
|||||
Wade_SFVPS |
13 |
22 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
30 |
18 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
24 |
14 |
15 |
28 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
11 |
10 |
19 |
23 |
17 |
15 |
18 |
17 |
37 |
38 |
13 |
12 |
|||||
Hightower_UFBVM |
13 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
18 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
23 |
15 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
10 |
10 |
19 |
23 |
16 |
15 |
19 |
16 |
37 |
38 |
13 |
12 |
|||||
R1b |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
15 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
17 |
17 |
11 |
11 |
19 |
23 |
15 |
15 |
18 |
17 |
37 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|||||
R1a |
13 |
25 |
15 |
10 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
13 |
11 |
30 |
15 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
23 |
14 |
20 |
32 |
12 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
11 |
11 |
19 |
23 |
16 |
16 |
18 |
18 |
34 |
39 |
12 |
11 |
|||||
R1bSTR3 |
13 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
15 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
17 |
18 |
11 |
11 |
19 |
22 |
15 |
14 |
16 |
17 |
37 |
39 |
12 |
12 |
|||||
R1bSTR11 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
15 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
17 |
17 |
11 |
11 |
19 |
23 |
15 |
15 |
18 |
16 |
38 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|||||
R1bSTR19Irish |
13 |
25 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
29 |
17 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
15 |
18 |
30 |
15 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
11 |
11 |
19 |
23 |
17 |
16 |
18 |
17 |
38 |
39 |
12 |
12 |
|||||
R1bSTR20 |
13 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
18 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
26 |
15 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
11 |
11 |
19 |
23 |
16 |
15 |
17 |
18 |
37 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|||||
R1bSTR22Frisian |
13 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
24 |
15 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
11 |
10 |
19 |
23 |
17 |
15 |
17 |
17 |
37 |
39 |
13 |
12 |
|||||
R1bSTR27 |
13 |
23 |
14 |
11 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
15 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
15 |
17 |
17 |
11 |
11 |
19 |
23 |
17 |
15 |
18 |
17 |
37 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|||||
R1bSTR42 |
13 |
24 |
14 |
10 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
29 |
17 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
15 |
19 |
29 |
15 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
11 |
11 |
19 |
23 |
15 |
15 |
17 |
17 |
37 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|||||
R1bSTR47Scots |
13 |
24 |
14 |
10 |
11 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
30 |
18 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
25 |
15 |
19 |
30 |
15 |
15 |
17 |
17 |
11 |
12 |
19 |
24 |
16 |
15 |
18 |
17 |
37 |
38 |
12 |
12 |
|||||
|
Table 2.
Genetic distance (infinite alleles model) between individuals and selected
clusters
Genetic Distance |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ID |
m |
N |
N |
C |
O |
H |
B |
L |
L |
W |
H |
R |
R |
R |
R |
R |
R |
R |
R |
R |
R |
|
||||||||||||
modal_S21only |
37 |
9 |
8 |
10 |
6 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
5 |
8 |
7 |
8 |
21 |
9 |
10 |
13 |
5 |
3 |
6 |
7 |
12 |
|
||||||||||||
Nichols_UY8W4 |
9 |
37 |
15 |
13 |
11 |
17 |
14 |
15 |
11 |
14 |
10 |
6 |
20 |
10 |
6 |
14 |
7 |
12 |
7 |
8 |
8 |
|
||||||||||||
Nichols_23UDR |
8 |
15 |
37 |
16 |
12 |
12 |
15 |
13 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
13 |
21 |
11 |
14 |
14 |
12 |
7 |
12 |
13 |
16 |
|
||||||||||||
Creel_28UTA |
10 |
13 |
16 |
37 |
12 |
14 |
17 |
15 |
11 |
16 |
16 |
12 |
20 |
13 |
12 |
14 |
12 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
13 |
|
||||||||||||
Ozment_35UQ4 |
6 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
37 |
11 |
13 |
14 |
10 |
14 |
9 |
8 |
19 |
10 |
8 |
13 |
6 |
7 |
6 |
8 |
14 |
|
||||||||||||
Hart_7FZUQ |
10 |
17 |
12 |
14 |
11 |
37 |
16 |
15 |
11 |
14 |
8 |
15 |
21 |
15 |
16 |
19 |
13 |
9 |
14 |
13 |
16 |
|
||||||||||||
Blakely_BNP5U |
10 |
14 |
15 |
17 |
13 |
16 |
37 |
15 |
14 |
17 |
15 |
13 |
23 |
14 |
13 |
19 |
11 |
13 |
15 |
10 |
15 |
|
||||||||||||
Lovelace_F323W |
10 |
15 |
13 |
15 |
14 |
15 |
15 |
37 |
10 |
16 |
14 |
11 |
22 |
7 |
13 |
15 |
12 |
9 |
11 |
11 |
17 |
|
||||||||||||
Lovelace_RJEF9 |
5 |
11 |
9 |
11 |
10 |
11 |
14 |
10 |
37 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
9 |
12 |
12 |
8 |
3 |
8 |
9 |
13 |
|
||||||||||||
Wade_SFVPS |
8 |
14 |
11 |
16 |
14 |
14 |
17 |
16 |
10 |
37 |
12 |
13 |
20 |
16 |
15 |
15 |
13 |
9 |
12 |
13 |
13 |
|
||||||||||||
Hightower_UFBVM |
7 |
10 |
11 |
16 |
9 |
8 |
15 |
14 |
10 |
12 |
37 |
12 |
21 |
13 |
12 |
18 |
8 |
8 |
11 |
12 |
14 |
|
||||||||||||
R1b |
8 |
6 |
13 |
12 |
8 |
15 |
13 |
11 |
10 |
13 |
12 |
37 |
19 |
6 |
2 |
11 |
7 |
9 |
2 |
4 |
7 |
|
||||||||||||
R1a |
21 |
20 |
21 |
20 |
19 |
21 |
23 |
22 |
20 |
20 |
21 |
19 |
37 |
20 |
19 |
17 |
17 |
21 |
19 |
19 |
18 |
|
||||||||||||
R1bSTR3 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
13 |
10 |
15 |
14 |
7 |
9 |
16 |
13 |
6 |
20 |
37 |
8 |
12 |
9 |
8 |
6 |
8 |
12 |
|
||||||||||||
R1bSTR11 |
10 |
6 |
14 |
12 |
8 |
16 |
13 |
13 |
12 |
15 |
12 |
2 |
19 |
8 |
37 |
11 |
8 |
11 |
4 |
6 |
9 |
|
||||||||||||
R1bSTR19Irish |
13 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
13 |
19 |
19 |
15 |
12 |
15 |
18 |
11 |
17 |
12 |
11 |
37 |
14 |
12 |
10 |
11 |
15 |
|
||||||||||||
R1bSTR20 |
5 |
7 |
12 |
12 |
6 |
13 |
11 |
12 |
8 |
13 |
8 |
7 |
17 |
9 |
8 |
14 |
37 |
8 |
6 |
7 |
10 |
|
||||||||||||
R1bSTR22Frisian |
3 |
12 |
7 |
12 |
7 |
9 |
13 |
9 |
3 |
9 |
8 |
9 |
21 |
8 |
11 |
12 |
8 |
37 |
7 |
8 |
14 |
|
||||||||||||
R1bSTR27 |
6 |
7 |
12 |
10 |
6 |
14 |
15 |
11 |
8 |
12 |
11 |
2 |
19 |
6 |
4 |
10 |
6 |
7 |
37 |
6 |
8 |
|
||||||||||||
R1bSTR42 |
7 |
8 |
13 |
11 |
8 |
13 |
10 |
11 |
9 |
13 |
12 |
4 |
19 |
8 |
6 |
11 |
7 |
8 |
6 |
37 |
9 |
|
||||||||||||
R1bSTR47Scots |
12 |
8 |
16 |
13 |
14 |
16 |
15 |
17 |
13 |
13 |
14 |
7 |
18 |
12 |
9 |
15 |
10 |
14 |
8 |
9 |
37 |
|
||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Infinite allele mutation model is used |
Table 3. TMRCA
estimates using an effective mutation rate of 0.0007 and a generation length of
28 years
Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor (Years) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ID |
m |
N |
N |
C |
O |
H |
B |
L |
L |
W |
H |
R |
R |
R |
R |
R |
R |
R |
R |
R |
R |
|
||||
modal_S21only |
37 |
5964 |
5264 |
6692 |
3920 |
6692 |
6692 |
6692 |
3276 |
5264 |
4592 |
5264 |
17248 |
5964 |
6692 |
9072 |
3276 |
2072 |
3920 |
4592 |
8260 |
|
||||
Nichols_UY8W4 |
5964 |
37 |
10836 |
9072 |
7448 |
12740 |
9940 |
10836 |
7448 |
9940 |
6692 |
3920 |
16044 |
6692 |
3920 |
9940 |
4592 |
8260 |
4592 |
5264 |
5264 |
|
||||
Nichols_23UDR |
5264 |
10836 |
37 |
11760 |
8260 |
8260 |
10836 |
9072 |
5964 |
7448 |
7448 |
9072 |
17248 |
7448 |
9940 |
9940 |
8260 |
4592 |
8260 |
9072 |
11760 |
|
||||
Creel_28UTA |
6692 |
9072 |
11760 |
37 |
8260 |
9940 |
12740 |
10836 |
7448 |
11760 |
11760 |
8260 |
16044 |
9072 |
8260 |
9940 |
8260 |
8260 |
6692 |
7448 |
9072 |
|
||||
Ozment_35UQ4 |
3920 |
7448 |
8260 |
8260 |
37 |
7448 |
9072 |
9940 |
6692 |
9940 |
5964 |
5264 |
14868 |
6692 |
5264 |
9072 |
3920 |
4592 |
3920 |
5264 |
9940 |
|
||||
Hart_7FZUQ |
6692 |
12740 |
8260 |
9940 |
7448 |
37 |
11760 |
10836 |
7448 |
9940 |
5264 |
10836 |
17248 |
10836 |
11760 |
14868 |
9072 |
5964 |
9940 |
9072 |
11760 |
|
||||
Blakely_BNP5U |
6692 |
9940 |
10836 |
12740 |
9072 |
11760 |
37 |
10836 |
9940 |
12740 |
10836 |
9072 |
19964 |
9940 |
9072 |
14868 |
7448 |
9072 |
10836 |
6692 |
10836 |
|
||||
Lovelace_F323W |
6692 |
10836 |
9072 |
10836 |
9940 |
10836 |
10836 |
37 |
6692 |
11760 |
9940 |
7448 |
18564 |
4592 |
9072 |
10836 |
8260 |
5964 |
7448 |
7448 |
12740 |
|
||||
Lovelace_RJEF9 |
3276 |
7448 |
5964 |
7448 |
6692 |
7448 |
9940 |
6692 |
37 |
6692 |
6692 |
6692 |
16044 |
5964 |
8260 |
8260 |
5264 |
2072 |
5264 |
5964 |
9072 |
|
||||
Wade_SFVPS |
5264 |
9940 |
7448 |
11760 |
9940 |
9940 |
12740 |
11760 |
6692 |
37 |
8260 |
9072 |
16044 |
11760 |
10836 |
10836 |
9072 |
5964 |
8260 |
9072 |
9072 |
|
||||
Hightower_UFBVM |
4592 |
6692 |
7448 |
11760 |
5964 |
5264 |
10836 |
9940 |
6692 |
8260 |
37 |
8260 |
17248 |
9072 |
8260 |
13776 |
5264 |
5264 |
7448 |
8260 |
9940 |
|
||||
R1b |
5264 |
3920 |
9072 |
8260 |
5264 |
10836 |
9072 |
7448 |
6692 |
9072 |
8260 |
37 |
14868 |
3920 |
1484 |
7448 |
4592 |
5964 |
1484 |
2660 |
4592 |
|
||||
R1a |
17248 |
16044 |
17248 |
16044 |
14868 |
17248 |
19964 |
18564 |
16044 |
16044 |
17248 |
14868 |
37 |
16044 |
14868 |
12740 |
12740 |
17248 |
14868 |
14868 |
13776 |
|
||||
R1bSTR3 |
5964 |
6692 |
7448 |
9072 |
6692 |
10836 |
9940 |
4592 |
5964 |
11760 |
9072 |
3920 |
16044 |
37 |
5264 |
8260 |
5964 |
5264 |
3920 |
5264 |
8260 |
|
||||
R1bSTR11 |
6692 |
3920 |
9940 |
8260 |
5264 |
11760 |
9072 |
9072 |
8260 |
10836 |
8260 |
1484 |
14868 |
5264 |
37 |
7448 |
5264 |
7448 |
2660 |
3920 |
5964 |
|
||||
R1bSTR19Irish |
9072 |
9940 |
9940 |
9940 |
9072 |
14868 |
14868 |
10836 |
8260 |
10836 |
13776 |
7448 |
12740 |
8260 |
7448 |
37 |
9940 |
8260 |
6692 |
7448 |
10836 |
|
||||
R1bSTR20 |
3276 |
4592 |
8260 |
8260 |
3920 |
9072 |
7448 |
8260 |
5264 |
9072 |
5264 |
4592 |
12740 |
5964 |
5264 |
9940 |
37 |
5264 |
3920 |
4592 |
6692 |
|
||||
R1bSTR22Frisian |
2072 |
8260 |
4592 |
8260 |
4592 |
5964 |
9072 |
5964 |
2072 |
5964 |
5264 |
5964 |
17248 |
5264 |
7448 |
8260 |
5264 |
37 |
4592 |
5264 |
9940 |
|
||||
R1bSTR27 |
3920 |
4592 |
8260 |
6692 |
3920 |
9940 |
10836 |
7448 |
5264 |
8260 |
7448 |
1484 |
14868 |
3920 |
2660 |
6692 |
3920 |
4592 |
37 |
3920 |
5264 |
|
||||
R1bSTR42 |
4592 |
5264 |
9072 |
7448 |
5264 |
9072 |
6692 |
7448 |
5964 |
9072 |
8260 |
2660 |
14868 |
5264 |
3920 |
7448 |
4592 |
5264 |
3920 |
37 |
5964 |
|
||||
R1bSTR47Scots |
8260 |
5264 |
11760 |
9072 |
9940 |
11760 |
10836 |
12740 |
9072 |
9072 |
9940 |
4592 |
13776 |
8260 |
5964 |
10836 |
6692 |
9940 |
5264 |
5964 |
37 |
|
||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Infinite allele mutation model is used |