factors ®
Sex instinct (inborn); Cognitive schemata (how person recognises sex and others); Personality makeup (aggressive, dependent); Internal symbolism (use of symbols to represent sexual behaviour; eg. Virgin may represent purity, or may be bad luck)
Socio-cultural
factors ®
Social learning; Modelling and rearing; Cultural symbolism; Feedback mechanisms (encouragement, sexual thoughts)
INFANTILE PERIOD
Differentiation
from sexually amorphous state
Bonding and imprinting
®
to objects that provide stimulation; internal and external objects
Separation and individualism
®
anxiety and its resolution
Identification
®
who you identify with (father, mother, teacher)
CHILDHOOD PERIOD
Shaping and education
®
diversification of object relations; sex education should be started as early as possible
®
sexual secrecy leading to fantasies of violence and dirt (eg. Witnessing parents having intercourse, pornography); impressions of sex formed (eg. Parents have violent relationship)
ADOLESCENCE
Secondary sexual characteristics
®
menarche; 1st ejaculation; nocturnal emission
Regression
®
transient sexually adventurous behaviour (cause danger and harm to self); regress: don't want to grow up, try to remain a baby (if they are scared by changes) - therefore some adolescents very immature in their behaviour
Masturbation, sexual fantasy, wet dreams
®
sexual desire becomes very clear (genital desire); \
live out desire, but most cannot have intercourse, so masturbate etc; psych problems (guilt, anxiety from masturbation)
Pornography
consumption ®
own sexual knowledge; obtain sexual satisfaction (because no other way to obtain satisfaction); problem: secrecy, guilt, misinformation
Role of sublimation ®
want to do something else to substitute and suppress the sexual desire (because the sexual desire cannot be satisfied); eg. Studying, sports
Love as defence
on sexual conflicts ®
say it's love, but it's only sex; use the word 'love' very loosely
Concept of extended adolescence ®
100 yr ago (adolescence, few years, marry at age 14-16); Now: marry at age 30 or over
ADULTHOOD
Sex and marriage
®
Marital, premarital, extramarital sex; Marriage as a social system (monogamy - therefore overcautious in choosing partner - either don't get married, or expect too much from partner, they become overburdened, this causes more relationship problems)
Middle-age
®
Mid-life crisis; Change in physical state and life environment ®
stress in marriage ®
affecting love/ sex
Other sexual choices
®
Single-hood; Cohabitation; Celibacy; These all have associated problems \
must advise in sex education
OLD AGE
Climacteric
Changes
in psychophysiological sexual responses ®
Male (slower and briefer erection, less testicular elevation or congestion, less intense orgasm and ejaculation, longer refractory period); Female: less breast/ genital congestion, less lubrication, less intense orgasm,
urinary frequency
PRINCIPLES OF SEX EDUCATION
Who
? Doctors, social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists
For all ages, classes and life-styles (suitable for each age, class, lifestyle) - adults; need it for themselves, and to advise their children
Total knowledge
: no forbidden zone - must talk about everything/ anything
Logical and critical
thinking: difficult in sex because people take it too personally and become illogical
Acceptance
, respect and preparation for different sexual lifestyles