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About : |
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Saint Petersburg, formerly
Leningrad, Rus. Sankt-Peterburg, city (1990
est. pop. 5,036,000), capital of the Leningrad region (although
not administratively part of it) and the administrative center
of the Northwest district, NW European Russia, at the head of
the Gulf of Finland on both banks of the Neva River and on the
islands of its delta. St. Petersburg's port is linked by
deepwater canal with Kotlin Island, where the outer port and the
Kronshtadt naval base are located.
Russia's second largest city and its former
capital, St. Petersburg is a major seaport, rail junction, and
industrial, cultural, and scientific center. Although the harbor
is frozen for three or four months annually, icebreakers have
prolonged the navigation season. The seaport is one of the world's
largest, but it handles relatively little traffic because the
volume of foreign trade for Russia is small. The river port, one
of the most important in the country, stands at the end of two
artificial waterways, the Volga-Baltic and the White Sea–Baltic. A
series of canals within the city carries considerable cargo. The
city's diverse industries include shipbuilding, metallurgy, oil
refining, printing, woodworking, food and tobacco processing, and
the manufacture of machinery, electrical equipment, chemicals,
pharmaceuticals, and textiles. |
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Points
of Interest : |
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The
city's main thoroughfare is the celebrated Nevsky
Prospekt. On it are the high-spired admiralty building;
the Winter Palace, built by Rastrelli; the
Hermitage museum; the huge domed Cathedral of St.
Isaac (1858); and the equestrian statue of Peter the
Great, Falconet's masterpiece and the subject of Pushkin's poem “The Bronze Horsemen.” The city's oldest
building is the fortress of Peter and Paul (1703), which
served as a political prison in imperial days. Among the
baroque buildings of the early 18th cent. are the
Alexander Nevsky monastery (1710), the Cathedral of
Saint Peter and Saint Paul (1733), the Winter Palace
(1762), and the Smolny convent (1764). Neoclassical
buildings of the late 18th and early 19th cent. include
the Academy of Arts (1772), the Marble Palace (1785),
the Taurida Palace (1788), the cathedral of the Virgin
of Kazan (1811), and the Exchange (1816). St. Petersburg
also has a university (est. 1804); numerous theaters,
museums, scientific and medical institutes; and
libraries, including the Saltykov-Shchedrin Public
Library (1795) and the Academy of Sciences library.
Outside the city are
Pushkin, with the Summer Palace, and the former
imperial residence of Peterhof (now
Petrodvorets) and
Gatchina. A striking phenomenon of St. Petersburg is
the prolonged twilight, or the “white nights,” of June
and July.
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History
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The
city was built by Peter I (Peter the Great), who sought
an outlet to the sea and a port for trade through the
Baltic. It was built in 1703 in what was then
Ingermanland, an area conquered from Sweden during
the Northern War. The fortress of Peter and Paul was
erected to defend the projected new capital, which was
to be a modern city and a “window looking on Europe.”
Construction was carried out at tremendous human and
material cost. The capital was moved from Moscow in
1712, although the land on which the city stood was not
formally ceded to Russia until 1721. Italian and French
architects planned the city, giving it the spacious,
classical beauty that it has retained.
St. Petersburg soon replaced
Arkhangelsk as Russia's leading seaport and became an
important commercial center. From the second half of the
18th cent., it was also the country's principal industrial
center, at first for shipbuilding and engineering and
later for textiles. In 1851, a rail link with Moscow was
completed. One of the world's most brilliant capitals and
cultural centers, St. Petersburg was immortalized in the
novels of Pushkin, Turgenev, Dostoyevsky, and Tolstoy. Its
apex as an international center of literature, music,
theater, and ballet and as the scene of lavish and
reckless social life was reached in the late 19th and
early 20th cent.
Under the surface, however, the
seeds of social upheaval ripened, especially among
industrial workers. Secret revolutionary societies arose,
and an attempt by city workers to petition the czar
precipitated a revolution in 1905. The city was renamed
Petrograd in 1914. The workers, soldiers, and sailors of
Petrograd also spearheaded the revolutions of Feb. and
Oct., 1917. Although it lost much of its former glamour,
the city remained the economic and cultural rival of
Moscow, which replaced it as capital in 1918. Petrograd
was renamed Leningrad in 1924. During World War II, the
city was cut off from the rest of the USSR by the fall of Schlüsselburg (now
Petrokrepost) to the Germans (Aug., 1941). It was
besieged for over two years, during which many hundreds of
thousands died of famine and disease. The city's original
name was restored in 1991. In the 1990s, the city
struggled to convert its heavily military-related
industries to civilian purposes. |
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Weather in Saint
Petersburg : |
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Season |
Month |
Temperature (oC) |
Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter |
March to May
June to August
September to November
December to February |
+8 - +19
+20 - +27
+19 - +5
+4 - -10 |
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Consulate General in
Saint Petersburg : |
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Australia
General Consulate
Italyanskaya st., 1
Tel.: (+7812) 325-7333
M.: Nevsky prospect
Austria General Consulate
Furshtatskaya pr., 43, room 1
Tel.: (+7812) 275-0502
M.: Chernyshevskaya
Bulgaria General Consulate
Ryleeva st., 27
Tel.: (+7812) 273-4018
M.: Chernyshevskaya
Canada General Consulate
Malodetskoselskiy pr., 32
Tel.: (+7812) 325-8448
M.: Frunzenskaya
China General Consulate
Griboedova kanal nab., 134
Tel.: (+7812) 714-7670
Fax: 714-7958
M.: Sadovaya
Czech Republic General Consulate
Tverskaya ul., 5
Tel.: (+7812) 271-0459
M.: Chernyshevskaya
Denmark General Consulate
Kamennyy ostrov, Bolshaya Alleya, 13
Tel.: (+7812) 703-3900
M.: Chernaya Rechka
Estonia General Consulate
Bolshaya Monetnaya ul., 14
Tel.: (+7812) 702-0924
M.: Gorkovskaya
Dutch General Consulate
Bolshaya alleya, 13
Tel.: (+7812) 346-1700, 234-3755
M.: Chernaya rechka
Finnish General Consulate
Chaikovskogo st., 71
Tel.: (+7812) 273-7321
M.: Cernyshevskaya
French General Consulate
Moika Emb., 15
Tel.: (+7812) 314-1443, 311-8511
M.: Nevsky prospect
German General Consulate
Furshtatskaya Street, 39
Tel.: (+7812) 320-2400
M.: Cernishevskaya
Greece General Consulate
Mikhaylovskaya ul., 1/7
Tel.: (+7812) 329-6409
M.: Nevsky Prospekt
Hungary General Consulate
Marata ul., 15
Tel.: (+7812) 312-6458, 312-6753
M.: Mayakovskaya
India General Consulate
Ryleeva ul., 35
Tel.: (+7812) 272-1731, 272-1988
M.: Chernyshevskaya
Italian General Consulate
Teatralnaya pl., 10
Tel.: (+7812) 312-3106, 312-3217
M.: Sennaya ploshad
Japan General Consulate
Moyki river nab., 29
Tel.: (+7812) 314-1418, 314-1434
M.: Nevsky Prospekt
Latvia General Consulate
10th Liniya, 11
Tel.: (+7812) 327-6055
Fax: 327-6052
M.: Vasileostrovskaya
Lithuania General Consulate
Ryleeva ul., 37
Tel.: (+7812) 327-3167, 327-0230
M.: Chernyshevskaya |
Netherlands General Consulate
Moyki river nab., 11
Tel.: (+7812) 334-0200
M.: Nevsky Prospekt
Norway General Consulate
Nevsky pr., 25
Tel.: (+7812) 336-6420
M.: Nevsky Prospekt
Poland General Consulate
5-ya Sovetskaya ul., 12/14
Tel.: (+7812) 336-3140
M.: Ploshchad Vosstaniya
Romania General Consulate
Gorokhovaya ul., 4
Tel.: (+7812) 312-6141
M.: Nevsky Prospekt
Slovakia General Consulate
Orbeli ul., 21, kor. 2
Tel.: (+7812) 244-3666
M.: Ploshchad Muzhestva
Swedish General Consulate
Malaya Konushennaya street, 1/3
Tel.: (+7812) 329-1430, 329-1440
M.: Nevsky prospect
Thailand General Consulate
Bolshoy pr. V.O., 9/6
Tel.: (+7812) 325-6271
M.: Vasileostrovskaya
U.S. General Consulate
Furshtatskaya Street, 15
Tel.: (+7812) 331-2600
M.: Cernishevskaya
United Kindgom and Northern Ireland
Proletarskoy Diktatury pl., 5
Tel.: (+7812) 320-32 00
M.: Chernyshevskaya
Fontanki river nab., 46
Tel.: (+7812) 118-5060
Fax: 118-5061
M.: Gostiny Dvor
" Honorary Consulate General:
Brazilia, Honorary Consul
6th Verkhniy per., 3
Tel.: (+7812) 703-7458
M.: Prospekt Prosveshcheniya
Iceland, Honorary Consulate
Telmana ul., 24
Tel.: (+7812) 326-8580
M.: Lomonosovskaya
Luxembourg, Honorary Consulate
Nevsky pr., 58
Tel.: (+7812) 718-3450
M.: Gostinyy Dvor
Malta, Honorary Consul
8-ya Krasnoarmeyskaya ul., 6a/5
Tel.: (+7812) 449-4780
M.: Tekhnologichesky Institut
Monaco, Honorary Consul General
Angliyskaya nab., 42
Tel.: (+7812) 312-5396
M.: Sadovaya
Korea, Honorary Consulate
Konnogvardeysky bulv., 4, pod. 3
Tel.: (+7812) 312-6400
M.: Nevsky Prospekt
Seychelles Islands, Honorary Consulate
Detskaya ul., 30
Tel.: (+7812) 322-3811
M.: Vasileostrovskaya
Spain, Honorary Consulate
Grafsky per., 4
Tel.: (+7812) 325-8470
Fax: 325-8177
M.: Vladimirskaya
Switzerland, Honorary General Consulate
Marata ul., 11
Tel.: (+7812) 325-9006
M.: Mayakovskaya |
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More : |
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Extracted from:
http://www.answers.com
For more
see
W. B. Lincoln, Sunlight at Midnight: St. Petersburg and the Rise
of Modern Russia (2001);
D. M. Glantz, The Battle for Leningrad, 1941–1944 (2002).
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