• Infant think and use movement as a purposeful.
• Children’s heredity and experimental background have an effect on development of RM abilities.
• Changes in nervous system are rapid.
• Differentiation and integration of sensory and motor process become highly developed.
• Reflex inhibition stage begin.
• The infant gradually moves toward phlogency.
• Rudimentary movements occur automatically.
• Motivation is most important factor gaining RM abilities.
• During this stage the infant is primarily involved in gaining control and mastery over the rudimentary stability, locomotor, manipulative task.

• Begins with birth.
• Development of cortex causes inhibition of several reflexes.
• Voluntary movements are poor.
• Movements are uncontrolled and unrefined.

• Greater precision and control to their movement.
• Children learn to gain and maintain their equilibrium to manipulative object.

Stability, Locomotion, Manipulation

• Stability

• Control of head and neck
• Doğumda çocuk kafasını dik tutamaz, fakat 5. Aya gelindiğinde boyun kasları geli?mi? olur.
• Control of trunk (2. Ve 6. Ay arası gelişir)
• From supine to prone position. (6. Ayda sağa sola çevirebilir.)

1. Sitting.

• The infant of four mouth is generally able to sit with support.
• 7 mouth able to sit alone completely unsupported.

1. Standing.

• Achievement of an erect standing posture represents a developmental mile stone in the infant’s guest for stability.
• 5^th month first voluntary attempts at standing.
• 9^th-10^th month able to stand beside forniture.
• 11^th-12^th month stands alone.
• Gaining over all muscle control.
• It is an indicator of controlling all muscules.

• Locomotion

1. Crawling (Sürtünme)

• First attempt to purposeful locomotion.
• Appears by 6^th months.
• It evolves as the infant gains control of the muscules of head, neck and trunk.

1. Creeping (Emekleme)

• 9^th-10^th month.
• Ayaklar eller kullanılır.

1. Upright gate (Independing walking)

• 10^th-15^th month.
• Knee slightly flexed.
• Maturation and environment influence.
• Toes turned off outvard ® irregular.

• Manipulation

• Relationship with an object.
• Mostly influenced by maturation.

1. Reaching (4. Ayda ba?lar)

• 4^th month make fine eye-head adjustment (çocuk objeye bütün vücudu ile uzanır)
• Later the wrist and hand involved.
• Kesin hareketler yoktur.
• Göz koordinasyonunu gerekli olduğu çocuk tarafından anlaşılır.
• 6. Ayda controlled reach olur.

1. Grasping

• Newborn will grasp on object when it is placed in palm. Çocuk 9. Aydan itibaren parmaklarını kullanır. (4. Aya kadar reflexive)

1. Releasing

• Difficult movement because infant can’t release their muscles.
• 14^th month ® releasing object from grasping.
• 18^th month well coordination and control of all aspects of reach, grasp an release.

• both process and product of motor development are influenced by wide variety of factors operating in isolation and conjunction with one another.

1. Factors within individual.
2. Factors within environment.
3. Factors within task.

1. Factors within individual.

1. Biological Factors.

• Neuromotor maturation on principles may used to explain both sequence on motor development through life cycle.
• Cephacodual
• Proximadistal.

• One’s growth rate follow cha. Pattern that is universal for all and resistant to external influences.
• A minor interruption to normal phase of growth is compensated for by process of self-regulatory fluctuation.
• Self regulatory fluctuation enables child to catch up his/her age rates.
• It will compensate for minor deviation in growth pattern but unable to make up for major deviation.
• The extend to which child will able to catch up to his/her pears depend on the duration and severity of deprivation age of child. Child individual genetic growth potential.

Increase functional complexity of 2 process.

1. Differentiation.
2. Integration.

• Bringing various opposing muscles and sensory system into coordination interaction with one another.

• Continuous within task on individual or environment that make a mastery of a particular task appropriate.

• Normal development may be hindered if a child fails to receive the proper stimulation during a critical period.
• Inadequate nutrition, stress, mothering, lack of appropriate learning experiences. May have more negative impact on development if they occur early in life rather then at age.
• Appropriate intervention during a specific period tend to facilitate more and forms of development.

1. Individual Differences

• Occur automatically.
• Resistant to external environment differences.
• Reaching, grasping, releasing, walking, jumping

• Depend on learning an environment opportunity.
• Swimming, bicycling, and ice skating.

1. Factors within the environment

• Variety of parental care factor.
• Environment stimulation and deprivation.
• Temperament of the children.
• Bonding occur between parent and child.

1. Bounding: The reciprocal interaction between parent and child impact on both rate and extend of development.

• Effect on affective development of child.

1. Stimulation and Deprivation.

• Have potential influence on the rate of development.

1. Age at which may of fundamental and rudimentary movement.
2. Effects of special training on the learning of motor skills.
3. Effects of limited or restricted opportunities.

1. Temperament.

• Responsiveness of child.
• Differences in responsiveness of child are caused by their unique environment and experiential histories.
• Child can be classified as:

1. Easy child
2. Difficult child
3. Moderate child

• Premature birth, eating disorders, fitness level and biomechanical factors as well as physiological changes.

• It puts the newborn at risk and frequently undermines process of motor development..
• Motor coordination problems.

• Physically inactive
• Both genetic and environment factors contributed to the onset and extend of obesity.