Origin: Saiyan
Birth Planet: Vegeta
Current Home Planet: Earth
Saiyan Name: Kakarot
Known Family: Bardock (father) deceased;
ChiChi (wife);
Gohan and Goten (sons);
Eye Color: Black
Hair Color: Black
Special Attack: Kamehameha Wave
Kaio-Ken
Instant Transmission
I am making this brief, by the way, since there is so much to tell about Goku. ^_^;;
Goku is originally from the planet Vegeta, but he was sent to Earth to take it over. He bumped his head as a baby and forgot his 'programming', thus turning into a happy, gentle boy. When he was 12 he met Bulma, Yamcha, Oolong, Puar and ChiChi.
He married ChiChi and they had a son, Gohan, who was kidnapped at age 5 by Raditz. Raditz came to Earth, revealing he was Goku's older brother and Goku was a Saiyan named Kakarot. Goku died, along with Raditz, and was wished back a year later to fight against Vegeta and Nappa. Nappa was killed and Vegeta was beaten by Goku (with some help from Gohan, Krillin and even Yajirobe). After healing from the battle with Vegeta, he headed for Namek to help Gohan and Krillin fight the Ginyu Force and Frieza. He defeated Frieza and was left alone to blow up with the planet. He found a ship and left the planet before its destruction. He landed on a planet called Yardrat and learned the Instant Transmission. He headed back to Earth and discovered that he would receive a heart virus that naturally would have killed him, but with the help of Trunks, Vegeta and Bulma's son of the future, he got a vaccine for it.
Goku was hit by the virus as predicted, and after recovering, took Gohan into the Hyperbolic Time Chamber to turn him into a Super Saiyan. He succeeded, and Gohan surpassed him in power and strength. Goku died a second time and Gohan defeated Cell. Goku stayed in Other World. 7 years later, he was allowed back for a day to compete in the World Martial Arts Tournament. He found out he had another son, Goten. The Z Warriors left to fight a new evil, Majin Buu. Goku went Super Saiyan 3 and defeated Majin Buu.