Notes # 4
Name:  __________________________

Halocarbons
contains Halogens  
 
  1-CHLOROETHANE
     ..
   :Cl: H
     |    |
H-C- C-H
     |    |
    H  H
2,3-DIFLUOROPENTANE
        ..  ..
    H :F: :F: H H
     |   |   |    |   |
H-C-C-C- C-C-H
     |   |   |   |   |
    H H H H H
3-BROMO-2-CHLORO-3-IODOHEXANE
        ..   ..
   H :Cl: :I: H H H
    |    |    |   |   |   |
H-C-C- C-C-C-C-H
    |    |    |    |   |   |
   H H :Br: H H H
            `` 
 
Fluorine= Fluoro
Chlorine= Chloro
Bromine= Bromo
Iodine= Iodo  
C<H  MEANS THAT THE
CARBON ATOM HAS TWO
BONDS WITH HYDROGEN
ATOMS
EX:    H
            \
             C     OR     C < H
            /
          H
 
   
Cycloalkanes
in a cycle   
  
CYCLOPROPANE   C3H6
          H
           \/
           C  
         /    \
H > C - C < H
 
CYCLOBUTANE   C4H8
          H   H
      \/    \/
      C - C 
     |     |
      C - C
      /\    /\
     H    H

CYCLOPENTANE  C5H10
            H
            \/
           C  
         /   \
H > C     C < H
        |      |               
H > C - C < H       
  
CYCLOHEXANE  C6H12
            H
           \/
           C  
         /   \
H > C    C < H
        |      |
H > C    C < H
          \   /
           C
           /\
           H

   
  
   CYCLOHEPTANE   C7H14
                 H
                 \/
                 C
               /     \
      H > C      C < H
             |        | 
    H > C      C < H
             |        |
      H > C  - C < H

CYCLOOCTANE   C8H16
                          H
                \/
                C
             /    \
     H > C      C < H
            |       |
     H > C      C < H
            |       |
     H > C      C < H
              \    /
                C
                /\
                H

CYCLONONANE   C9H18
                          H
                \/
                C
             /    \
     H > C     C < H
            |       |
     H > C     C < H
           |       |
     H > C     C < H
            |       |
     H > C - C < H 
    
    
  
CYCLODECANE   C10H20
               H
                \/
                C
             /    \
     H > C      C < H
            |       |
     H > C      C < H
           |       |
     H > C      C < H
            |       |
     H > C      C < H
            \    /
               C
               /\
               H   
Three types of Alcohols:
Primary:            Secondary:            Tertiary:        
    H                             H H                                            CH3         
   |   ..                          |   |  ..                                            |   ..
H-C-O-H                 H-C-C-O-H                               CH3- C-O-H         
      |  ``                          |   |  ``                                            |  ``
     H                            H H                                              CH3  
METHANOL    1-METHYL-1-ETHANOL       2-METHYLPROPANOL

ETHERS:
    H     H                       H     H H                            H H     H H H
      |  ..   |                         |   ..  |   |                              |   |  ..   |   |   |
H-C-O-C-H                H-C-O-C-C-H                     H-C-C-O-C-C-C-H
      |  ``  |                         |   ``  |   |                              |   |  ``   |   |   |
     H     H                      H      H H                            H H     H H H
METHOXYMETHANE          ETHYLMETHYLETHER                     ETHYOXYPROPANE
        OR                                          OR                                                      OR
DIMETHYLETHER                METHYOXYETHANE                      ETHYLPROPYLETHER