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Name: _________________________ | ||||
Quarter 1 Notes 6 -The energy that results from the breaking or formation of chemical bonds is chemical energy. -The energy that matter possesses because of its position is potential energy. -The energy that matter has because of its motion is called kinetic enerygy. -A measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter is temperature. -The sum of the total kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter is heat. -The fact that mass and energy cannot be created or destroyed is the fundamental concept of the theme of conservation. -"In any chemical or physical process, energy is neither created nor destroyed" is a statement of the law of conservation of energy. K=C+273 C=5/9(F-32) F=9/5C+32 -Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance 1K. -The specific heat capacity of a given substance is unique to that substance. -E=mc2 is a statement of the relationship of mass to energy. -For every investigation, the scientific method is a logical set of procedures. -The reason for organizing, analyzing, an classifying data is to find relationships among the data. -A control is meant to eliminate error by serving as a comparison for other data and increase confidence in collected data. -A testable statement used for making predictions and carrying out further experiments is a hypothesis (educated guess). -A plausible explanation of a body of observed natural phenomena is a scientific theory. -The validity of scientific concepts is evaluated by testing hypotheses. -A statement or mathematical equation that describes a basic fact or relationship found in the universe is a law. -A theory is an accepted explanation of an observed phenomenon until repeated data and observation conflict with the theory. -A measurement that closely agrees with the accepted values is said to be accurate. -A measurement is said to have good precision if it agrees closely with other measurements of the same quantity. -If some measurements agree closely with each other but differ widely from the actual value, these measurements are precise but not accurate. -Poor precision in scientific measurement may arise from both human error and the limitations of the measuring instrument. -Precision pertains to reproducibility of measurements, agreement among numerical values, and precise. -Five darts strike near the center of the target. Whoever threw the darts is both accurate and precise. -A chemist who frequently carries out a complex experiment is likely to have high precision. -When determining the number of significant digits in a measurement, all nonzero digits are significant. -In division and multiplication, the answer must not have more significant figures than the number in the calculation with the fewest significant figures. |