Radioactive Processes
Complete the following nuclear equations and name the type of radioactive emission formed.
1. 14 C ------> __________ + 0 e emission:
6 -1
2. 226 Ra -----> ___________ + 4 He emission:
88 2
3. 239 Np -----> __________ + 0 e emission:
93 -1
4. 234 Pa ------> _________ + 0 e emission:
91 -1
5. 49 Cr -----> 49 V + _______ emission:
24 23
6. 238 U -----> 234 Th + _______ emission:
92 90
7 214 Bi -----> 214 Po + . ________ emission:
53 84
Categorize the nuclear equation below as one of the following types: electron capture, positron emission, beta emission, annihilation of matter, or alpha decay
8. 0 e + 0 e -----> gamma rays Type:
-1 +1
9. 1 p -----> 1 n + 0 e Type:
1 0 +1
10.37 Ar + 0 e -----> 37 Cl + gamma rays Type:
18 -1 17
11. 238 U -----> 234 Th + 4 He Type:
92 90 2
12. 1 n -----> 1 H + 0 e Type:
0 1 -1
True, False
13. A beta particle is a helium nucleus..
14. Any time a particle collides with an antiparticle, all of the mass of the two particles is converted into electromagnetic energy.
15. The emission of gamma radiation accompanies very few nuclear reactions.
16. Gamma emission changes neither the atomic number nor the mass number.
17. In electron capture, a proton is changed into a neutron.
18. In beta emission, a neutron changes into a proton and an electron.
19. None of the elements above atomic number 83 and mass number 126 have stable isotopes, and many stabilize by alpha decay.
20. A few sheets of paper can stop protons, alpha particles, and gamma rays.
21. Alpha radiation can be damaging to the human body if it is ingested or inhaled.
Complete each statement below by choosing a term from the following list. Use each term only once.
transmutation sustains nuclear fusion
nuclear fission chain reaction spontaneous
binding energy induced neutrons
critical mass fuse nuclei
22. __________ refers to a nuclear reaction in which a very heavy nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei, each having a higher ________ per nucleon than the original nucleus. A very small fraction of naturally occuring uranium atoms undergoes _________ fission. Most fission reactions are _________ artificially by bombarding nuclei with ________ .A ________ is a fission reaction which, once initiated, _______ itself. The smallest mass of radioactive material needed to sustain a chain reaction is know as the _______ of the material.
23. _________ occurs when two small nuclei combine, or ________ , to form a larger, more stable nucleus with a higher binding energy.
24. In the process called ________ , new nuclides are created by bombarding a nucleus with other _________. .
Categorize the nuclear equations below as representing one of the following types: fission, fusion, or transmutation
25. 3 H + 2 H ------> 4 He + 1 n Type:
1 1 2 0
26. 239 Pu + 1 n -----> 90 Sr +147 Ba + 1 n Type:
94 0 38 56 0
27. 235 U -----> 90 Sr + 144 Ce + 1 n + 4 0 e Type:
92 38 58 0 -1
28. 7 Li + 2 H _____> 6 Be + 1 n Type:
3 1 4 0
29. 2 3 He -----> 4 He + 2 1 H Type:
2 2 1
30. 10 B + 4 He -----> 13 N + 1 n Type:
5 2 7 0