* logging into a system
* logging out a system and
* changing login passwords
Logging into a UNIX system requires a username and password to already be defined for the user.
A Sys Admin is in charge of creating and maintaining system accts.
To log into a system , enter the username at the login: prompt, followed by the correct case-sensitive password.
The user env is comprised of a cmd shell where system cmds are typed and output is received.
To end a user session, type exit at the system prompt, or used the ctrl sequence ctrl-D(^D).
To change a passwd, enter the cmd passwd at the cmd prompt. The system will prompt for the new password twice to avoid misspelling errors.
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State the cmd used to id which users are currently logged into the system
The who cmd is used to det which users are logged into a system.
who has several flags that det how users are logged in:
-b the time and date of the last system reboot
-H print header info in the who display
-t when the system clock was last changed
-u who is presently logged in
-q displays a list of the current users (with total)
Flags may be used together, for ex, date and time of the last reboot:
$who -bH
NAME LINE TIME
. system boot Oct 1 11:28
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State the steps required to create user accounts on the local system using the admintool utility.
admintool, a graphical admin tool, is provided with solaris 8 to ease the mgmt of necessary tasks on the system. admintool manages groups, hosts, printers, serial ports and sw packages in addition to users. Start admintool, and select Users from Browse menu.
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State the cmd syntax to add modify, or delete user/ group accts on the local system with the useradd, groupadd, usermod, groupmod, userdel, or groupdel cmds
Serveral cmd line programs exist to manage users on a system:
useradd - updates /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow file and copies files from /etc/skel to the new home dir
useradd [ -u uid ] [ -g gid ] [ -d dir ] [ -m ] [ -s shell ] [ -c comment ] name
usermod - changes components of an existing user acct.
usermod [ -u uid ] [-g group ] [ -d dir ] [ -m ] [ -s shell ] [ -c comment ] [ -l newlogonname ] [ -f inactive] [ -e expire ] name
userdel - removes a users login acct from the system. Can also remove home dir.
userdel [ -r ] name
groupadd - will create a new group on the system (in /etc/group)
groupadd [ -g gid ] [ -o ] groupname
groupmod - modifies an existing group
groupmod [ -g gid ] [ -o ] [ -n name ] groupname
groupdel - removes the group from the system (and the /etc/group file ).
groupdel groupname
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Given a user's login shell, list the shell init files used to set up a user's work env. at login
Each time a user logs into the system, the login shell reads several files to det. initial settings.
/etc/profile is read to find system-wide settings.
/etc/.login is read to def local env settings.
Init files def things like search path, env var and window geometrics.
Solaris 8 comes with 6 shells to choose from:
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Shell Type Shell Path Login Init Files New Shell System-wide Init file
started after login
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Bourne /bin/sh $HOME/.profile /etc/profile
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Korn /bin/ksh $HOME/.profile $HOME/.kshrc /etc/profile
$HOME/.kshrc
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C /bin/csh $HOME/.cshrc $HOME/.cshrc /etc/.login
$HOME/.login
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Z /bin/zsh $HOME/.zshenv $HOME/.zshrc /etc/zshenv
$HOME/.zprofile /etc/zprofile
$HOME/.zlogin /etc/zshrc
/etc/zlogin
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BASH /bin/bash $HOME/.bash_profile $HOME/.bashrc /etc/profile
$HOME/.bash_login
$HOME/.profile
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TC /bin/tcsh $HOME/.cshrc or $HOME/.tcshsrc or /etc/csh.cshrc
$HOME/.login $HOME/.cshrc /etc/csh.login
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