Quantum Theory of Gravity - Zoran Pokaz

Background

In 1687, Sir Isaac Newton has published Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, probably the most significant, single volume published in Physics, so far. Newton, not only has described the theory of motion of objects in space and time, but also given complex mathematical procedures needed to analyze these movements. The most important postulate, related to this discussion, is the general law of gravity, directly related to the mass of objects and their distance. Newton had revolutionized the way the universe is observed. According to his theory of gravity, the stars should have certain degree of mutual attraction, which meant that they could not remain immobile. In some final moment, all stars should come together in some final place, the final focus point. This would perhaps happen, if there was a finite number of stars, spaced out in the finite space. However, having an infinite number of stars, in infinite space, this wouldn't be the case because it would be impossible to select a point of final congregation for the stars. In fact, every point in the universe, theoretically, could be considered as a "congregation point" or a focus, because on all sides, it is bounded by an infinite number of stars. This also implies that it is impossible to have a static model of universe in which gravitation acts primarily as an attractive force. Edwin Hubble, 1929, came to the conclusion that remote galaxies, observed in either direction from a fixed point (Earth), are moving away. The universe is expanding and it had begun with a big bang.

Even more important, the time had also begun with the big bang. Previous "times" are simply undefineable. Thomas Kaluza, 1921, noticed that Einstein's equations for gravitation , become very similar to Maxwell's equations for magnetism. In Kaluza's scheme, refined by Oscar Klein (1926), including elementary ideas of mechanics, electrical charge becomes component of momentum. In 5th dimension, conservation of electrical charge becomes conservation of momentum, thus electrical charge becomes quantized and as such is the main element in preservation of angular momentum. According to Kaluza, the 5th dimension then bends upon itself creating a "whirlpooling circle." Current State The scientific world of today described the universe from the perspective of two fundamental theories: general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. The general theory of relativity describes the gravitational force and macroscopic order of the "visible" universe (10^24 Km), while the quantum mechanics is primarily focused to microscopic world. Many researchers have suggested that these two theories come onto a collision course (Hawkings, Smithers, Krilov).

The main postulates of the theory of relativity state that natural laws should be the same for all observers who are moving freely, regardless of their velocity. From this postulate, comes the famous E=m*c^2 equation. Considering that mass and energy are directly related (one may say, one and the same thing), where increase in energy calls for increase of mass - the increase in velocity should, therefore, be impaired. Hence, reaching the speed of light, would mean infinitely large mass and energy - thus only the EM waves (without the "real" mass) are capable of propagating at such velocities. In Newton's theory, if a pulse of light was sent from point A to point B, different observers would come to an agreement about the time of its travel (time is absolute) but would not come to an agreement what distance the pulse has traveled (space is not absolute). Since V=X/t, different observers, would have different "speeds of light." In the general theory of relativity, all observers must come to an agreement on the "speed of light," but still do not come to an agreement about the distance, so they have to measure different times of travel. Hence, the time is no longer absolute. Newton had come to a conclusion that gravity is the force that attracts and it is initiated by the mass of the body it is observed upon. Einstein, tried to explain the occurrences that could not be explained by Newton's theories and established Special Theory of Relativity and General Theory of Relativity - setting up postulates of "curved space" influenced by the gravitational force. Nikola Tesla (1934) was speculating that mass is "a result of the whirlpools of energy."

How to combine theories of relativity and quantum mechanics into single, unified theory? First task is to attempt revising postulates of both theories by proposing somewhat different view about the big bang." What if big bang is still going on? "Singularity" at the beginning of the universe is based upon the postulate that majority of the mass of the universe was in one place. Since this is a special moment in the lifecycle of the universe the matter is in its most specific shape (when the concentration is greatest possible). At one point when the occurrence that has caused this state of matter can no longer be cause of further compression (singularity at the end of the universe), from the surface of that unthinkably big and dark body of ultimate density, small elementary particles of universe begin to separate (Einstein described them as primordial matter, 10^-35m in size and 10^-43 seconds after the beginning of expansion). From the entire surface, the particles began separating in radial fashion, seeking to establish their normal shape, with great velocity, densely packed, using shortest possible way away from the center.

Since greater concentrations of densely packed matter did not arrive in a single instant of time to the place of "congregation" but were arriving and bumping continuously, from the opposite direction, they caused the whirling of elementary particles. Once the whirlpool was established, it would be maintained by the influx of additional particles coming from the center, Since there is no "hole" in the universe to where the particles in the center would drain to, they would start compressing again. The greater the whirlpool, the greater the concentration of elementary particles - increasing with volume towards the center of the whirlpool. The smallest "whirlpool" in existence today would be electron of a single Hydrogen atom. Diameter of the "whirlpool" of the atom of Hydrogen is sufficiently large to hold another much smaller, "whirlpool" of the electron. Particle concentrations on the edge of "whirlpool" of the electron and particle concentrations in that atomic orbit are equal. The same rule applies for the concentration of particles on the edge of "whirlpool" of the atom and on that location within the "whirlpool" of the molecule. Possibility of accepting and compressing additional particles in the center is unlimited and is directly dependent from the concentration on the edge of the "whirlpool" of any level. As the concentration of elementary particles in center increase, total mass of the "whirlpool" of the atom of Hydrogen increases so it becomes an atom with larger atomic weight that we recognize as Helium. Let's suppose that increase in concentration is not quantum, but linear and that atoms of certain elements do not have precisely defined mass, but that the mass is ranging between the boundary particle concentrations of neighboring elements. When the "whirlpool" increases in size so it captures an entire atom or more of them, then we begin to recognize it as a molecule. Its greater increase include more molecules when it becomes what we call matter, and we can see and touch it. "Whirlpools" of the molecules usually contains atoms of different concentrations of elementary particles. The process continues and forms bodies that we know: stars, galaxies, universe...

It is possible to speculate that attractive force resulting from the nucleus of atom in fact does not exist, just as attractive force of electrons and its charge. Only thing that exists is a "pressure" upon the edges of every "whirlpool", of any level, that was initiated at the beginning of the universe and is maintained until today, just as long the concentrations that arrive from the center of the universe are enough to maintain the resulting process. Assuming that process of decomposing of the mass with greatest concentration in the center of the universe is still active, expansion of the universe is a direct result, until the moment when the quantity of elementary particles is no longer sufficient to maintain the expansion. Gravity appears to be a consequence of external compression. Einstein's curved space in that case doesn't exist; black holes that swallow mass and pass it somewhere else also doesn't exist. There is only space, filled with various concentrations of elementary particles.

In fact, our known universe behaves like an oscillator - there is no force that is specifically attractive. Everything that is described in this paper is caused by a specific condition of the entire universe. What we call the "gravitational field" today may be in fact a "whirlpool" and a missing element in Newton's postulate. Thus, gravitational field is a ratio of elementary particles of certain velocity on the fringes and some other concentration of elementary particles within the whirlpool, having slower velocity (acting almost as a barrier). Thus, gravity is a relationship of velocities of elementary particles of greater "whirlpool" and a smaller "whirlpool," where slower elementary particles in the center will have their resulting direction (sphere) towards the center of the greater "whirlpool." It is important to mention that particles can only enter the "whirlpool" if they have all of the necessary criteria: proper concentration of particles, capture velocity and capture angle. If they lack any of these elements, they will not interact with the "whirlpool" but will continue on until the criteria are met.