CHAPTER 1, A VIEW OF LIFE

NAME:____________________________________________________________

_____1. Which of the following is Not one of the characteristics of living organisms?
    a) to be organized
    b) to respond
    c) to grow
    d) to metabolize
    e) All of the above are characteristics of living organisms.

_____2. Which term is based on Greek root meaning "ordered arrangement of the home"?
    a) biology         b) biosphere        c) homeostasis      d) photosynthesis         e) ecosystem

_____3. Which of the following sequences of organization is likely to be seen in a multicellular
organisms, going from smallest to largest?
    a) cell, organ, tissue, organism
    b) cell, organ, system, tissue
    c) cell, tissue, system, organism
    d) organism, system, organ, tissue
    e) tissue, system, cell, organ

_____4. Which of the following characteristics is Not required for the life of an
individual organism to continue?
   a) to be organized        b) to respond      c) to metabolize         d) to reproduce

_____5. One classic definition of life is "a self-replicating molecular assemblage". However,
clay particles (in clay soil) contain layered aluminum and iron compounds that determine
the pattern of the adjacent layers of sediment. This is technically a self-replicating
molecular assemblage.
    a) Therefore, it is living.
    b) It is not living because it cannot think.
    c) It is not living because there is no molecular changes (or chemistry) involved.
    d) It is not living because there is no carbon involved; otherwise, such duplication would
         be living.
    e) It is not living because it is a simple repetitive process without the ability to evolve or
        respond to the environment.

_____6. Which of the following organisms is Not ultimately dependent on the sun as a source of energy?
    a) A night blooming flower is pollinated by a night flying bat.
    b) An underground earthworm avoids the sun.
    c) A cave fish feed on debris that washes down to it.
    d) All of the above are ultimately dependent on the sun.

_____7. What is the process by which the sun's energy is trapped as the source of energy used
by virtually all living organisms?
    a) evolution      b) metabolism       c) adaptation          d) homeostasis       e) photosynthesis

_____8. Which statement is False about nearly all living things?
   a) Living things are made up of cells.
   b) Living things must obey the laws of chemistry and physics.
   c) Living things show biological organization and other common characteristics of life.
   d) Emergent properties can be used to distinguish living things from nonliving things.
   e) Living things are composed only of organic elements, whereas nonliving things are made
      up of inorganic elements.

_____9. What is the name of all the chemical energy transformations that occur within a cell?
   a) evolution      b) metabolism       c) adaptation          d) homeostasis       e) photosynthesis

_____10. What do we call the maintenance of internal conditions of an organism within
a certain boundary range?
    a) evolution      b) metabolism       c) adaptation          d) homeostasis       e) photosynthesis

_____11. Which of the following terms is based on the Greek root words for
"holding still" or "to be standing"?
    a) evolution      b) metabolism       c) adaptation          d) homeostasis       e) photosynthesis

_____12. Which of these is a peculiarity of form, function, or behavior that promotes
the likelihood of a species' continue existence?
   a) evolution      b) metabolism       c) adaptation          d) homeostasis       e) photosynthesis

_____13. Which of these is the process by which changes occur in the characteristics
of species of organisms over time?
    a) evolution      b) metabolism       c) adaptation          d) homeostasis       e) photosynthesis

_____14. All ecosystems taken together make up a
    a) niche      b) biosphere       c) community         d) population         e) habitat

_____15. Interactions between different populations in an ecosystem tend to
    a) disrupt the ecosystem
    b) increase the use of raw materials
    c) decrease the need for energy
    d) keep the system relatively stable
    e) speed up evolution

_____16. Who was the person who first devised the binomial system of naming a species?
  a) Aristotle   b) Gregory Mendel    c) Carolus Linnaeus  d) Charles Darwin   e) George W. Bush

_____17. The two parts of a species name, in order, are the
    a) kingdom and genus names
    b) genus and family names
    c) genus and specific epithet (species)
    d) specific epithet and genus name
    e) species and genus names

_____18. Which of the following sequences correctly gives the different classification
levels of an organism, going from the largest group to the smallest? (Some are left out.)
    a) species, genus, family, class, phylum
    b) kingdom, phylum, class, order, species
    c) class, family, kingdom, species, genus
    d) genus, class, phylum, species, family
    e) kingdom, class, phylum, genus, species

_____19. Which of the following domains contains the most primitive bacteria
and that live in extreme environments?
    a) Archaea       b) Bacteria      c) Plantae           d) Fungi           e) Eukarya

_____20. Which of the following domains contains the common advanced plants
and animals and fungi?
    a) Archaea       b) Bacteria      c) Plantae           d) Fungi           e) Eukarya

_____21. Which of the following kingdoms contain multicellular organisms that ingest their food?
     a) Protista         b) Animalia         c) Plantae          d) Archaea         e) Fungi

_____22. Which of the following kingdoms contain multicellular organisms that
obtain their food by absorption through hyphae and never develop from embryos?
     a) Protista         b) Animalia         c) Plantae          d) Archaea         e) Fungi

_____23. What is inductive reasoning?
    a) a tentative statement, based on data, that can be used to guide further observations
          and experiments.
    b) a report of the findings of scientific experiments.
    c) A general statement made to infer a specific conclusion, often as an " if…..then" format.
    d) using isolated observations and facts to reach a general idea that may explain a
          phenomenon.

_____24. What is deductive reasoning?
    a) a tentative statement, based on data, that can be used to guide further observations
       and experiments.
    b) a report of the findings of scientific experiments.
    c) A general statement made to infer a specific conclusion, often as an " if…..then" format.
    d) using isolated observations and facts to reach a general idea that may explain a
       phenomenon.

_____25. What is a hypothesis?
    a) a tentative statement, based on data, that can be used to guide further observations
       and experiments.
    b) a report of the findings of scientific experiments.
    c) A general statement made to infer a specific conclusion, often as an " if…..then" format.
    d) using isolated observations and facts to reach a general idea that may explain a
         phenomenon.

_____26. Which statement is Not true about a hypothesis?
    a) Experiments or observations are undertaken to test a hypothesis.
    b) A hypothesis cannot be proven true.
    c) A hypothesis cannot be proven false.
    d) Data that support a hypothesis do not actually prove it.

_____27. Which best describes a control group in an experiment?
   a) the condition being tested.
   b) a sample taken through all experimental steps except the one being tested.
   c) a variable that is being deliberately varied in the experiment.
   d) the dependent variable.

_____28. Four groups of mice consume different amounts of sweetener in their food.
The control group is the one that receives
    a) 10 mg/day of sweetener.
    b) 50 mg/day of sweetener.
    c) no sweetener.
    d) extra food.
    e) milk instead of water.

_____29. Which statement in Not true about experimental design?
   a) All conditions are held the same except for the condition being tested by the experiment.
   b) It is best to use genetically identical mice to reduce the uncontrolled variables.
   c) The condition being tested in an experiment is the controlled variable.
   d) The dependent variable is observed at the end of the experiment when statistical
        comparisons are made between groups.

_____30. Which of the following terms best describes the collection of scientific
data through observation in the field, such as observing the behavior of birds?
    a) a scientific model
    b) an experiment
    c) descriptive research
    d) a scientific theory or principle
    e) experimental results