When did vampires begin? As with many legends, the exact date of origin is unknown; but evidence of the vampire can be found with the ancient Chaldeans in Mesopotamia, near the Tigris and the Euphates rivers, and with Assyrian writtings on clay or stone tablets. The land of the Chaldeans is also called the "Ur of the Chaldeans", which was the original home of Abraham from the bible. "Lilith" was a possible vampire form the ancient Hebrew Bible and its interpretations. Although she is described in the book of Isaiah, her roots are more likely in the Babylonian demonology. Lilith was a monster who roamed at night taking on the appearance of an owl. She would hunt, seeking to kill newborn children and pregnant wome. Lilith was the wife of Adam before there was Adam and Eve, according to tradition, but she was demonized because she refused to obey Adam. Naturally, she was considered evil for such "radical" desires and became a vampire who eventually attacked the children of Adam and Eve - - namely, all human descendants. References to vampires can be found in many lands, and some scholars believe this indicates that the vampire story developed independantly in these various lands and was not passed from one to another. Such an independently occurring folktale is curious indeed. References to vampires can be found among the ancient civilizations of the mediterranean as well. Such as Egypt, Greece, and Rome. The ancient Greeks believed in the strioe or lamiae, who were monsters who ate children and drank their blood. Lamia, as the mythology goes, was the lover of Zeus, but Zeus' wife, Hera, fought against her. Lamia was driven insane, and she killed her own offspring. Atnight, it was said that she hunted other human children to kill as well. One tale known by both the Greeks and the Romans, for example, concerns the wedding of a young man named Menippus. At the wedding, a guest, who was a noted philosopher called A pollonius of Tyana, carefully observed the bride, who was said to be beautiful. Apollonius finally accused the wife of being a vampire, and according to the story (as it was later told by a scholar named Philostratus in the first century A.D.) the wife confessed to vampirism. Allegedly she was planning to marry Menippus merely o have him handy as a source of fresh blood to drink. Vampire tales occured in ancient China, where the monsters were called kiang shi. In ancient India and Nepal, as well, vmapires may have exsisted - - at least in legend. Ancient paintings on the walls of caves depict blood drinking creatures, the Nepalese "Lord of Death" is depicted holding a blood-filled goblet in the form of a human skull standing in a pool of blood. Some of these wall paintings are as ancient as 3000 B.C. , it is believed.  Rakshasas are described in the ancient Indian holy writtings called the Vedas. These writtings (circa 1500 B.C.) depict the Rakshasas (or destroyers) as vampires. There is also a monster in ancient India's lore which hangs from a tree upside-down, not unlike a bat, and is devoid of its own blood.This creature, called Baital, is in legend, a vampire. Other ancient Asians, such as the Malayans, believed in a type of vampire called the "Penanggalen". This creature consisted of a human head with entrails that left its body and searched for the blood of others, especially enfants. The creature lived by drinking the victims blood. It is also said that the vampire may have lived in mexico prior to the arrival of spanish conquistadors, according to the renown vampire author Montague Summers whose 1928 book The Vampire - - His Kith and Kin is a classic. He further wrote that Arabia knew of the vampire as well. Vampire-like beings appeared in the "Tales of the Arabian Nights" called Algul; this was a ghoul which consumed human flesh. Africa, with its spirit-based religions, may be seen as having legends of vampire-like beings as well. Ona tribe, the Caffre, held the belief that the dead could return and survive on the blood of the living. In ancient Peru there were also vampire legends; the canchus were believed to be devil worshipers, who sucked the blood of the young. Thus from ancient times and from a bounty of exotic lands came forth the vampires. It is form theese ancient fears about death and the magical, life-sustaining powers of blood that the vampires as we know today have evolved.