c-JAPANESE-2_table.htm
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The Crab, Gibon Sengai Tlazoltéotl

TABLE
OF
PL / IE / JAPANESE
CORRESPONDENCES



by Patrick C. Ryan

3/3/2008 (revision)



number+i=(word) initial; number+m=medial (non-initial); number+f=(word) final
#=unattested (as yet); *=systematically irregular; :=long vowel; &=modified in combination.

PROTO-

LANGUAGE

 INDO-

EUROPEAN

 JAPANESE may be used for annotation may be used for annotation


?E

+

HE

 HV(1)

+

HV:

 0 (45, 48, 67, 109, 110, 133, 134, 137,138, 143,146,152, 153,164,170)

+

h(1) (#)

 . .
?A



+

HA

 HV



+

HV:

 0 (5, 8, 30, 35, 76, 78, 85, 86, 87, 88, 92, 93, 107, 113, 115,117, 125, 157, 158, 166)

+

h(1) (14, 47, 53, 54, 58, 59, 92, 93, 94, 104, 106)

 . .
?O

+

HO

 HV

+

HV:

 0 (123, 129, 155)

+

h(1) (#)

. .


$E









+

HHE

 yV









+

HV:

 y (2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 14, 18, 19, 23, 26, 27, 30, 41, 44, 47, 50, 55, 58, 59, 65, 66, 79, 80, 83, 91, 92, 93, 100, 105, 106, 107, 109, 113, 114, 120, 122, 124, 125, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 135, 138, 143, 144, 145, 147, 149, 151, 156, *159, 163, 164, 165, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175)

+

h(1) (55)

0 (163)

 . .
$A



+

HHA

 yV



+

HV:

 y (8, 25, 28, 49, 51, 52, 56, 57, 81, 101, 102, 103, 108, 114, 115, 128, 144, 145, 149, 158, 161, 162, 166, 168)

+

h(1) (84)

. .
$O

+

HHO

 yV

+

HV:

 y (7, 12, 117,121, 137, 154)

+

h(1) (56, 57)

. .


P[?]E



+

P[H]E

 b(h)/wV



+

pV

 w (135)

b (# intervocalic)

+

F (171)

b (# intervocalic)

 . .
P[?]A



+

P[H]A

 b(h)/wV



+

pV

 w (43)

b (79,151

intervocalic)

+

F (68 exceptionally -> MJ h from F[n], 85 exceptionally MJ ha from FA:, 105 exceptionally hi from F[y]e, 106, 142, 164, 175)

b (118 exceptionally (*w)-u before -u, 169 intervocalic)

 . .
P[?]O



+

P[H]O

 b(h)/wV



+

pV

 w (145)

b (25, 26

intervocalic)

+

F (16, 122, 158) b (# intervocalic)

 . .


P[?]FE



+

PF[H]E

 bhV



+

p[h]V:

 F (106)

b1 (7, 131, 132

intervocalic)

+

F1[V:] (66 [actual i from *hye)

 . .
P[?]FA



+

PF[H]A

 bhV(2)



+

p[h]V:

 F (5)

b1 (#

intervocalic)

+

F1 [V:] (14, 94)

 . .
P[?]FO



+

PF[H]O

 bhV



+

p[h]V:

 F (2)

b1 (157

intervocalic)

+

F[V:] (4)

 . .


FE



+

F[H]E

 wV



+

wV:

 F1 (8, 165)

w1 (# intervocalic)

+

F1 (7, 163)

 . .
FA









+

F[H]A

 wV









+

wV:

 F1 (9, 19, 102,135, 156)

w1 (8, 11, 12, 25, 39, 41, 56, 63, 64, 83, 96, 103, 110, 115, 124, 132, 134, 137,150, 160, 163, 170 intervocalic)

+

F1 (4, 18, 29, 32, 34, 59, 72, 84, 117, 119, 121, 127, 128, 130, 136, 142, 150, 167, 172, 173, 174, 175)

 . .
FO

+

F[H]O

 wV

+

wV:

 F1 (6, 7, 42, 89, 123, 156)

w1 (# intervocalic)

+

F1 (54, 84, 133)

. .


T[?]E

+

T[H]E

 dV

+

tV

 d (46)

+

t(31, 70, 128)

 . .
T[?]A

+

T[H]A

 dV

+

tV

 d (76, 78, *104)

+

t (71, 74, 81, 125)

 . .
T[?]O

+

T[H]O

 Dv

+

tV

 d (150)

+

t (73, 106, 127, 129, 155, 161, 173, 174, 175)

 . .


T[?]SE

+

TS[H]E

 dhV

+

t[h]/twV:

 d (95, 96, 107, 132, 147)

+

t[V:] (3)

 . .
T[?]SA

+

TS[H]A

 dhV(3)

+

t[h]/twV:

 d (109)

+

t[V:] (1, 69, 131, 169, 175)

 . .
T[?]SO

+

TS[H]O

 dhV

+

t[h]/twV:

 d (8, 108, 160)

+

t[V:] (32, 34, 72, 89, 119, 121)

. .


SE

+

S[H]E

 sV

+

sV:

 s (26, 27, 53, 83, 130)

+

s (28, 44, 101)

 . .
SA

+

S[H]A

 sV

+

sV:

 s (19, 20, 29, 45, 100)

+

s[V:] (22, 31, 54, 92, 101, 133)

 . .
SO

+

S[H]O

 sV

+

sV:

 s (23, 25, 91, 124, 137, 166)

+

s (A36)

 . .


K[?]E

+

K[H]E

 g[^]V

+

k[^]V

 g (#)

+

k (18, 41, 113)

 . .
K[?]A

+

K[H]A

 gV

+

kV

 g (#)

+

k (118, 153)

 . .
K[?]O

+

K[H]O

 gV

+

kV

 g (#)

+

k (15)

 . .


K[?]XE

+

KX[H]E

 g[^]hV

+

k[^][h]V:

 g (#)

+

k[V:] (40, 114, 167)

. .
K[?]XA

+

KX[H]A

 ghV(4)

+

k[h]V:

 g (#)

+

k[V:] (13, 34, 69, 115, 116, 120, 121, 122, 125, 172)

 . .
K[?]XO

+

KX[H]O

 ghV

+

k[h]V:

 g (147)

+

k[V:] (51, 52, 66, 129, 130, 159)

 . .


XE

+

X[H]E

 g[^][w]V

+

k[^][w]V

 g (#)

+

k (#)

 . .
XA

+

X[H]A

 g[w]V

+

k[w]V

 g (#)

+

k (156)

 . .
XO

+

X[H]O

 g[w]V

+

k[w]V

 g (#)

+

k (A42)

 . .


ME

+

M[H]E

 mV

+

mV:

 m (95, 96, 174, 175)

+

m[V:] (#)

 . .
MA

+

M[H]A

 mV

+

mV:

 m (35, 61, 98, 99)

+

m[V:] (27, 30, 48, 64, 65, 69, 104, 108, 110, 124, 136, 158, 162, 170)

 . .
MO

+

M[H]O

 mV

+

mV:

 m (22, 77, 83, 112, 123, 139, 140)

+

m[V:] (130, 141, 154)

 . .


NE

+

N[H]E

 l[^]V

+

l[^]V:

 n (79, 143, 151)

+

n[V:] (149)

. .
NA

+

N[H]A

 nV

+

lV:

 n (2, 16, 44, 53, 81, 96, 145, 169, 170)

+

n[V:] (63, 64, 65, 68, 78, 86, 120, 142, 144)

. .
NO

+

N[H]O

 nV

+

LV:

 n ( 6, 61, 62, 139, 140, 141)

+

n[V:] (82)

. .


QE

+

Q[H]E

 (n)g[^]V

+

(n)k[^]V:

 (n) g (#)

+

(n)k (49, 50, 128, 152, 161, 168)

 . .
QA

+

Q[H]A

 (n)gV

+

(n)kV:

 (n) g (19, 78, 98)

+

(n)k (19, 99, 100, 101, 102, 126, 127, 148)

. .
QO

+

Q[H]O

 (n)gV

+

(n)kV:

 (n) g (18)

+

(n)k (136)

 . .


RE

+

R[H]E

 rV

+

rV:

 r (5, 42, 43, 45, 48, 52, 62)

+

r[V:] (40, 46, 71, 72, 73, 77, 119, 134)

 . .
RA

+

R[H]A

 rV

+

rV:

 r (68, 88, 116, 152, 154)

+

r[V:] (31, 47, 58, 67, 70, 74, 87, 112, 146)

 . .
RO

+

R[H]O

 rV

+

LV:

 r (9, 19, 41, 56, 59, 79, 82, 91, 96, 100, 103, 109, 142, 144, 147, 153, 160)

+

r[V:] (117, 143)

 . .








BIBLIOGRAPHY





the latest revision of this document can be found at

HTTP://WWW.GEOCITIES.COM/Athens/Forum/2803
/c-JAPANESE-2_table.htm

Patrick C. Ryan * 9115 West 34th Street - Little Rock, AR 72204-4441 * (501)227-9947

PROTO-LANGUAGE@email.msn.com











1. The Pontic stage of the Proto-Language, from which Indo-European and Afrasian developed, had only one V : (a), which became e, a, or o in Indo-European according to the Ablautgradation required by the grammatical form.

2. Final IE voiced aspirated stops + a can become unaspirated: -bha -> b(a); -gha -> -g(a); -dha.-> -d(a).

3. v. 2. supra

4. v. 2. supra