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Buto is the center of worship for the serpent goddess Uatchet, Uadjet or Wadjet. Buto is also the "Place of the Throne" the legendary birthplace of the demiurge who manifested himself upon the primeval hill in the form of a heron. The Uatchet is venerated in the Delta and the Pharhaos glory in declaring that they are sovereigns of the country by virture of the favor of the goddess.
In the coronation ceremony the future Pharaoh is led to a special part of the of the sancturary known as "Per-Neser" or "House Of Flame" where the king is crowned with the red crown (Deshret) of Buto that distinguishes him as ruler of lower Egypt. Uatchet is portrayed on the brow of Ra and Pharaohs as a serpent and is an agressive defender of the king. Her hood is spread in a threatening position ready to spit poison on all of the Pharaoh's enemies or burn them with her fiery glare.
Uatchet is astronomically the eastern or left eye of the sun during his journey in the underworld. The oldest seat of her cult is at Per-Uatchet, a city which is located in the "land of Uatchet". The temple in which Uatchet is venerated and its precincts are known in texts of all periods by the name Pe-Dep, and from the frequent mention of this double name in the Pyramid text it is clear that the shrine is both very old and very famous. Uatchet is identified with Isis and Horus (the son of Isis) and both are worshipped at Buto.
In papyrus paintings and reliefs the goddess is represented in the form of a woman who wears upon her head the crown of the North and she holds in one hand the papyrus scepter, round which is sometimes twined a long snake. She is also shown in the form of a large serpent or winged serpent with the crown of the North upon her head; her titles are "Uatchet, lady of heaven", "Uatchet, lady of Pe, mistress of Dep", "Uatchet, lady of heaven, mistress of all the gods", "Uatchet, lady of Nebiui, lady of Netr-ta, lady of Per-Menat and lady of Amemt".
The "Urshu of Pe", "The Watchers of Pe" are a group of gods that watch over the city and is their duty to look after the deceased interest in heaven, (The Throne of Osiris).
Burial rituals for private individuals take as their model the kings funeral, where in the deceased ruler journeys to the four cardinal points; Buto in the North, Helioplis in the South, Sais in the West and Mendes in the East. At each halt the officiating priests disembark and unviel appropiate statuettes. Offerings are left on the river bank to the gods of each town by the priests.
During predynastic times when a lower Egyptian ruler died his subjects performed a "dance of the dead" and as this became standardized its influnce worked southward and is known as a dance of the "people of Pe". This dance is performed by muu dancers, a sort of demigod, who appear to retrive the deceased from this world to the next. The muu dancers are associated with a journey to the "Two Gates of Buto".
Before the deceased begans his heavenly life he purifies himself in the waters of Aaru or Sekhet Aaru which is entered into from certain places in the Delta, and among these is the region which containes the double cities of Pe-Dep. In chapter EXXXVI.B of the "Book Of The Dead" it says "I am the spititual body (sah) of the lord of Matt which is made by the goddess Uatchet". During ceremonies connected with embalming, the operator or priest addresses the mummy saying, "The goddess Uatchet cometh unto thee in the form of the living Uraeus to anoint thy head with their flames. She riseth up on the left side of thy head and she shineth from the right side of thy temples without speech. They rise up on thy head during each and every hour of the day, even as they do for their father Ra, and through them the terror which thou inspirest in the holy spirits is increased and because Uatchet and Nekhebet rise up on thy head and because thy brow becometh the portion of thy head whereon they establish themselves, even as they do upon the brow of Ra, and because they never leave thee, awe of thee striketh into the souls which are made perfect". In the "deification" ceremonies Uatchet protected the shoulder or neck of the body.
Near the city of Buto is the island of Khebit where the papyrus swamps grow and in which Isis hid her child, Horus. Set, the brother of Osiris and Isis never succeeded finding the hideing place because Uatchet protected Isis and Horus by a means of magic that caused the papyrus plants to screen them for his view, the goddess Uatchet visted Isis each day and helped her in her retreat. One legend declared that Uatchet took the form of the shrew mouse that she might be the better able to escape Set, and therefore made the shrew mouse sacred to her.
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