BIOLOGY I

UNIT TEN: ZOOLOGY: VERTEBRATE AND INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS

 

 

Introduction

 

            This unit introduces students to the major characteristics of vertebrate and invertebrate animals.  There are several different phyla listed under this topic. This unit begins with simple invertebrates such as the sponges and continues through to complex vertebrates such as mammals. As students explore the increasing complexity of the animal kingdom, a greater appreciation for the complexity of humans is gained.

 

            This unit is structured as a survey of the animal kingdom due to the plethora of information.  In the first portion of the unit, students will examine the different invertebrates.  Students begin with sponges and continue to examine more complex invertebrates such as worms, mollusks and arthropods.

 

            Vertebrates or animals with backbones will be considered in the second portion of this unit.  The characteristics of the various vertebrates will be examined.  Students will focus on the evolutionary relationships occurring between these organisms.  Students will complete the units by comparing and contrasting the invertebrates and vertebrates based on anatomical, physiological and behavioral characteristics.

 

Core Terminology

 

The following terminology will be used within this unit. 



Vertebrate

Invertebrate

Filter feeder

Radial symmetry

Bilateral symmetry

Anterior

Posterior

Dorsal

Ventral

Porifera

Cnidaria

Unsegmented worm

Platyhelminthes

Flatworms

Roundworm

Mollusk

Open circulatory system

Closed circulatory system

Bivalve

Cephalopod

Annelid

Arthropod

Trilobite

Crustacean

Exoskeleton

Endoskeleton

Chitin

Arachnid

Pheromone

Echinoderm

Chordate

Notochord

Coelom

Pseudocoelomate

Jawless fish

Bony fish

Oviparous

Ovoviviparous

Viviparous

Amphibian

Reptile

Amniotic egg

Ectotherm

Endotherm

Bird

Crop

Gizzard

Air sac

Mammal

Mammary gland

Monotreme

Marsupial

Placenta

Divergent evolution

Convergent evolution

Single loop circulatory system