THE FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN CONJECTURE

 

A Philosophical Model of Identical Universes, Lives and Minds

 

 

 

Title: The Fundamental Human Conjecture

Subtitle: A Philosophical Model of Identical Universes, Lives and Minds

 

Author: Xin-Yan Zhang

E-mail: ink@hotmail.com

 

Draft Completed on: 18 Jan. 1998

revised on: 21 August 2002

Its Chinese edition published in:

  World Hongming Philosophical Quarterly,

  Vol. 2002 No. June, http://whpq.org/

 

CONTENTS:

CHAPTER 1     INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2     UNIVERSES

CHAPTER 3     LIVES

CHAPTER 4     ORGANISATION

CHAPTER 5     MIND

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER 1     INTRODUCTION

 

No matter how little we might be aware of them, it is a fact that all our thoughtful actions, all religions, all moral standards, all scientific theories and all the social or economic systems are fundamentally based upon some conjectures, because we exist as human beings in the middle of the time and the space

  Those conjectures do not take any phenomenon as their own selves, however, they are our understanding of those phenomena; they are the platform on which our knowledge from different scientific fields might communicate with each other and might be unified as a whole; they are an interface ever between the activities of human intelligence and their environment; and they are complement to the gaps in our knowledge, those such as:

 

How is the existence behind all phenomena?

What is the most macroscopic and microscopic existence?

How did the universe begin? And how will it end?

What is the essence of life? And how did human life originate?

What and how is the human mind?

Is there anything that exists as an individual person's own self?

And what is the meaning of the human beings' existence?

 

  What presented in this article is a logical system of such conjectures, which is based on such an ancient believe: All what exist arise from and end in one thing; all what exist are composed of and also compose the same thing. This thing was called as Tao by the ancient Chinese philosopher Lao-tzu, as Apeiron by the ancient Greek philosopher Anaximander, as Dharma by Gautama Siddhartha, the Indian Buddha, as Noumenon by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, as Absolute by the German philosopher Hegel, is more commonly called as Thing-in-itself nowadays... and will be called as Reex in this article.

  All the descriptions, explanations and predictions about the basic appearances of the Reex are organised into 12 conjectures that are scattered in the next 4 chapters. First, we will focus on the basic appearances of the Reex whole in chapter two. The 4 conjectures presented in this chapter explain the identical essence of matter, energy, space and time, infer how our universe began, how it will end, and what are the states before its beginning and after its end, and suggest that gravitational field and space might be the same thing . In the rest 3 chapters we will focus on the appearances of special Reex individuals. The 3 conjectures presented in chapter three explain what the essence of life is, define two kinds of lives with contrary natures, describe the principles of their evolution, and explain from where all the non-living matter in our universe came, and suggest how the lives on the earth originated. The conjecture in chapter four present the concept of the ultimate basic organisation of life, of which the bodies of all organisms, including the human bodies and minds, are made, and by which different lives are produced, maintained and evolved. The 4 conjectures in chapter five show the general organisation of the human mind and it activities, explain the phenomena such as consciousness, memory, intelligence and thinking, and define the intact existence of individual human self.

  The theoretical framework of this article is composed of not only the concepts that represent all observed and observable phenomena but also the concepts that represent all unobservable phenomena and concepts that do not represent any phenomenon. All the four kinds of concepts together make this theoretical framework different fundamentally from either conjecture in common sense or scientific theories based on limited phenomena. The significance of those four sorts of concepts is not within each of them but among them.

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER 2     UNIVERSES

 

 

There are a lot of things that are considered by us as existence. And the whole of all existing everything is called as the universe.

  Scientists say, the universe began at a time point so called as Big Bang and has already undergone an evolution of about 10,000 millions of years. Now the universe, at its most macroscopic level, is an immense space containing thousands of millions of moving galaxy clusters, their magnetic and gravitational fields, and the 2.73°K cosmic microwave background radiation. Each cluster is an aggregate of thousands of galaxies. And each galaxy is in turn composed of millions of asters. More than one thousand million asters and large amounts of interstellar gas and dust consist of our Milky Way Galaxy. Among them, there is the sun, 1,392,000 kilometres in diameter and 330,000 times of the earth in mass. It travels with a speed of about 200 kilometres per second, orbiting the centre of the Milky Way Galaxy in a period of approximately 200 million years. The light released by the sun, only one part in 2,200,000,000 intercepted by the earth, is the most important energy resource for the organisms on the earth. The earth, orbiting together with other planets around the sun once a year, is a planet with a total surface area 509,600,000 square kilometres and a total mass of 6x10²⁴ kilograms. There are 8 millions of species living in a thin layer where the earth's solid, liquid and gas meet each other. Among them there are us, the human beings with intelligent minds. Each one of the non-living and living things that compose the earth is a huge organisation of different atoms. Different atoms have different nuclei that are made up of different numbers of protons and neutrons. Each proton or neutron is in turn a combination of quarks, which contain many levels of sub-units made up by even tinier waves and particles.

  However, the first conjecture of this article assumes that all the things described in the picture above are nothing intrinsic to existence itself but only intermediate products in the course where human mind and its environment change into each other. Such intermediate products may be called consciousness, memory or behaviour.

  The first, all the phenomena that we know by senses are such intermediate products, no matter whether we sense them directly by our sensory organs or indirectly with the assistance of observation devices; Second, all what we feel about our bodies, all our subjective feelings and emotions are such intermediate products; And third, all our ideas are such intermediate products, including all the scientific concepts, such as length, dimension, motion, mass, energy, matter, time, space, force, wave, particle, entropy, black hole or superstrings, and all the scientific theories, such as Newton's laws of motion, Darwin's evolution, Einstein's relativity, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, the quantum mechanics, the game theory or the chaos theory, and all the mathematical concepts and theories, and so on; Finally, all languages and behaviours are also such intermediate products. Therefore, whatever we may know by consciousness, memory or behaviours is only the interrelation between mind and its environment but neither only the mind itself nor only the environment itself. In other words, if there was no human mind or its environment, if there were no interrelations between them, none of the 3 sorts of intermediate products might exist.

  All scientific law or theories are based on certain phenomena that, in turn, are based on the existence of both human mind and its environment. Therefore, all the truth in scientific knowledge are relative truth, existing only in the special time and space of the connections between human minds and their environment, Not only scientific knowledge, but also all the rest of our knowledge are always compounds of mind and its environment, and is never anything of pure mind or pure its environment. There is no such things like pure knowledge, nature law or universal rules, there is only human knowledge and human universal laws existing relatively to the existence of human minds and its environment. For example, if there were no human beings, there will be no mathematics, no things like 1+1=2. And the human knowledge is not the only knowledge in existence. Coexisting with human knowledge, there are also many other kinds of knowledge relative to the minds of other organisms and their environments. And there is not essential difference between human knowledge and the other knowledge. So as the results of human behaviours, for example, there will be no those particles found by physicists from their accelerators if there were no minds of physicists and their environment. Those particles have been the creatures of both the physicists’ behaviours and the environment where their behaviours work.

  The first conjecture has a twin brother, the second conjecture. The second conjecture assumes that there is an absolute existence, the Reex, which is different in 3 aspects from any consciousness, memory and behaviour. The differences are:

  1. The Reex is the one and the only existence. Though consciousness, memory and behaviours may appear, disappear or change, the Reex itself can not be created or destroyed, can not be gained or lost, and can not be changed by itself or by anything else.

  2. The Reex does not stay as it is. It is in a state of eternal motion and autonomic change. Though the Reex itself may or may not appear as consciousness, memory or behaviours, all consciousness, memory and behaviours are merely the mental appearances of its motion and its gathering or dispersing caused by its motion.

  3. Though consciousness, memory and behaviours are various and different to each other, all the Reex are always the same and of absolute self-identity.

 

FOUR STATES OF THE REEX

  It is assumed by the third conjecture that there are 4 states in one of which the Reex whole has to be. Since the differences of those states exist only relatively to our minds, therefore, I will describe them with the relevant phenomena they may appear as in a human mind, though actually it is not possible for any human mind to sense all the 4 Reex’ states.

  One of the 4 states appears as all the phenomena of one extreme, and another one all the phenomena of the opposite extreme. The Reex in either of the two extreme states are called the pure Reex and the phenomena they appear as are called the pure phenomena. The rest two states appear as all the phenomena intermediate between the pure phenomena of the two extremes. The Reex in either of the two intermediate states is called the dual Reex, and their appearances are called the dual phenomena. The difference of the two dual Reex is that one of them is changing towards the state of one extreme, and the another towards the state of the opposite extreme. And their appearances change correspondingly.

  All phenomena that may exist are the appearances of the Reex in one of the four states. No Reex in one of the four states may appear as the same as those in other three states. Though to different extent and in different degree, all the Reex in the same state appear as the same phenomena.

  The Reex may appear as different phenomena but itself does not have the differences of the phenomena it appears as. For instance, there is no difference between the Reex that appear as the phenomena that may be summed up with the paired scientific concepts such as matter and energy, macrostate and microstate, continuity and discontinuity, homogeneity and heterogeneity, symmetry and asymmetry, etc. The differences between those pairs of phenomenon groups only reflect the differences and relations between the motion and the density of the observed portion of Reex and the motion and the density of the mind of the observer.

 

1. Energy and Matter

  If we know all the phenomena that the Reex in all the 4 states may appear as and if we sum them all up with the concepts of energy and matter, then one of the pure Reex may be called the pure energy and the opposite pure Reex may be called the pure matter. The phenomena of the pure energy are what the Reex appears as when all the Reex gather within each other and go together in a one-way motion along one path of straight line, and the phenomena of the pure matter is the phenomena that the Reex appear as when all the Reex disperse from each other and each goes in a reciprocating motion along extremely large numbers of paths of straight line.

  The pure Reex is identical with the whole of pure Reex, and the pure matter is identical with the whole of pure matter. However, both dual Reex may be described as an individual or as a whole consisted of enormous Reex individuals.  All dual Reex individuals run in one one-way motion and a few reciprocating motions at the same time, and appear as both energy and matter at the same time, but the appearances of one of the two dual Reex are changing from more like pure energy to more like pure matter, and the opposite are changing to opposite direction. All the dual Reex vary in density, but none of them has the density of pure energy or pure matter. All the dual Reex have more than one path, but never as many as the pure matter or as few as the pure energy.

  Although every dual Reex appears as both matter and energy at the same time, there always are differences among them. When compared, one of two dual Reex individuals may appear more like pure matter or pure energy than the another. We may call one dual Reex individual as dual matter and the another as dual energy when comparing them with each other. However, no dual matter may ever appear exactly as the pure matter, and no dual energy may ever appear exactly as the pure energy. We will call one dual Reex individual as a dual energy if comparing with another it appears faster, hotter, thicker in density, more changing, more microscopic, more unified, more synchronous, more symmetric, more evenly and equally distributed and having less space but more time. And we will call one dual Reex individual as a dual matter if comparing with another it appears slower, colder, thinner in density, less changing, more macroscopic, more different, more asynchronous, more asymmetric, less evenly and equally distributed and having more space but less time.

 

2. Microstate and Macrostate

  We may also sum up all the phenomena that Reex may appear as with the concepts macrostate and microstate. Then the pure macrostate is what the pure matter appears and the pure microstate is what the pure energy appears. However, the Reex itself does not have the differences of macrostate or microstate. The Reex whole may exist within any space no matter how small it may be, or may fill up any space no matter how large it may be. Not like the pure Reex, the dual Reex always appears as both macrostate and microstate at the same time. Though there are always phenomena of both macrostate and microstate in a whole of the dual Reex, certain phenomena of macrostate are only accompanied by certain microstate and both change correspondingly. The universe where we are now living, for instance, is such a whole of dual Reex in which its microstate is decreasing and its macrostate is increasing. In a universe that there are both macrostate and microstate, we are allowed neither to use the microstate to explain the macrostate nor the opposite, because there is no cause-and-effect relation between them. They are only co-existences. For example, we are not allowed to say that the cells are more essential than the body or that the particles are more fundamental than the whole of the universe. And we should not believe that we could find the phenomena in our universe, based on which we might unify the general relativity and quantum mechanics.

 

3. Time and Space

And we may also sum up all the phenomena of pure energy and pure microstate as pure time and all those of pure matter and pure macrostate as pure space. Wherever there is no Reex, there is no time and space as well. All the phenomena of time reflect Reex's motion along one-way path and all the phenomena of space reflect Reex's motion along reciprocating paths. Therefore, the time can be measured as the speed of Reex's one-way motion and its density, and space can be measured as numbers of the reciprocating paths of Reex's motion and their lengths. Dual Reex individual that runs along one reciprocating path may appear as a one-dimension object, called as a Reex string, and that along two or three reciprocating paths at the same time may appear as a two or three-dimension object, called as a Reex plane or a Reex body. All the reciprocating paths that one dual Reex individual runs along at the same time, may be called as the dual Reex individual’s Reex field. A photon, for instance, might be such a Reex plane that has one one-way path and one Reex field consisted of two reciprocating paths perpendicular to each other. The one-way path produces the photon's appearances of energy, and the Reex field produce the photon's appearances of matter.

  There is the time but no space in the whole of pure energy, called as absolute time, and there is the space but no time in the whole of pure matter, called as absolute space. There are both time and space in the whole or individuals of dual Reex, but not so much time as that in the whole of pure energy and not so much space as that in the whole of pure matter. In comparison with each other, one dual Reex individual may be called as a dual time and the other a dual space. When a Reex individual contains more and more energy, it has more and more time and less and less space.

  There still are many other pairs of concepts that may replace and fulfil the roles of the above-mentioned 4 pairs of concepts in summing up all the appearances of Reex. This implies that energy, microstate, continuity, homogeneity and so on are one same thing, and matter, macrostate, discontinuity, heterogeneity and so on are another same thing. The essential identification among all the concepts in each of the two opposite groups may be called as the law of group identification.

 

4. Gravity

  According to the law of group identification, since the gravitational field is the matter phenomena of dual Reex and is the appearance of its reciprocating paths, therefore, gravitational field and Reex field are the same thing. Furthermore, because the phenomenon of space are also the appearance of the reciprocating paths, therefore, gravitational field and space are also the same thing.

  As the gravitational field, the fields of the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force and the electromagnetic force are also Reex fields, though they are different from each other in their Reex’s density, reciprocating path’s number and form; the fields of the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force and the electromagnetic force are also spaces, but are spaces with higher Reex density, with more complex structures, with more reciprocating paths, and are spaces more like the pure matter.

  Reex field is the basis for the relationship among dual Reex individuals. When two Reex field run into each other, the parts of their reciprocating motions towards to each other appear more and more like energy, and the parts of their reciprocating motions in the opposite direction will appear more and more like matter. That is how the accelerating energy is produced in gravitational field.

  The change in which two Reex fields fuse into one Reex field of higher Reex density and produce energy at the same time may be called as Reex field fusion; the opposite change may be called as Reex field fission. The nuclear fusion is such a Reex field fusion.

  The number of reciprocating paths that a Reex individual has will increase when it loses energy and will decrease when it gains energy. For instance, a Reex individual may change from appearing as non-superconductor to appearing as superconductor when it loses energy and gains more reciprocating paths; a photon may be released when it gains more energy and loses one reciprocating path. Its change of gaining energy is continuous but losing reciprocating paths is discontinuous.

  Since the reciprocating paths are also the gravitational field, therefore, a Reex individual will have more gravitational mass when it contains less energy but less gravitational mass when it contains more energy. For instance, the earth’s gravitational mass might be less when it is at its perihelion than at its aphelion. That is why the earth orbits the sun in an elliptic path.

  Because of this principle, we can express the concept of mass in Newton’s law of gravity and in Einstein’s equation E=Mc² more accurately as the mass in equation (1), where the RM is the mass that a Reex individual possesses, n is the quantity of its reciprocating paths, s is the speed of its one-way motion, and m is the mass defined by Newton’s law of gravity or Einstein’s equation.

 

Equation (1)    RM = (n/s)m

 

From this equation, we can understand why photon and high-energy particles have little gravitational mass, and why our universe has not become a black hole even though it began from a state of extremely high density. This equation tells that the changes of gravitational mass caused by the changes of energy will appear as a taped line; and it also tells that a Reex individual may have different gravitational mass at the same time. For instance, the earth’s gravitational mass to the moon might be less than to the sun.

  There is no space or gravitational field in the Reex whole of pure energy, since there is no matter in it. There are spaces and gravitational fields in both wholes of dual Reex, but the phenomena of spaces and gravitational fields increase in one of them and decrease in another. There is extremely strong gravitational field and extremely large space in the Reex whole of pure matter, but no energy, no time, no life, no atoms and no asters in it.

 

ONE CYCLE OF THE REEX WHOLE

  It is the fourth conjecture that assumes the Reex whole must change into each of its four states in turn but must not remain in any of them for ever and must not be in two or more of the states at the same time. Therefore, the existence of the Reex whole must appear as a cycle of constant changing among the four states. The appearance of the cycle is, therefore, composed of one point of pure energy, one point of pure matter and two periods of dual phenomena with opposite directions. Let us call such a cycle of the Reex whole as the year cycle, and call its pure matter point as the winter universe (The U. Winter), its pure energy point as the summer universe (The U. Summer), the intermediate period changing towards the pure energy point as the spring universe (The U. Spring), and the another as the autumn universe (The U. Autumn). The direction of the year cycle's evolution is from the U. Spring, through the U. Summer and then the U. Autumn, to the U. Winter, and finally returns to the U. Spring again.

  During the period of the U. Spring, the Reex whole gathers gradually and repeatedly, and has fewer and fewer reciprocating paths, fewer and fewer appearances of matter and space, but more and more appearances of energy and time. Accordingly, the universe becomes smaller and smaller, hotter and hotter, more and more unified and equal. Different from a collapse, the U. Spring is a course of gradually and repeatedly consuming dual matter and producing dual energy.  At the point of the U. Summer, all the Reex gathers into one one-way path and therefore appears as pure energy. Light, gravity, space as well as all other dual phenomena disappear since there is no reciprocating path existing at the point. During the period of the U. Autumn, the Reex whole disperses gradually and repeatedly. Reciprocating paths reappear and increase and the universe changes from an existence of one dimension into multidimensional world, and gets bigger and bigger, colder and colder, more and more different and unequal. Accordingly its time becomes less and faster. Different from an explosion, the U. Autumn is a course of gradually and repeatedly consuming dual energy and producing dual matter. At the point of the U. Winter, all the one-way paths disappear, the Reex whole disperses into the pure matter with extremely large number of reciprocating paths. Attracted by the extremely strong gravity of the pure matter, the Reex whole gathers up and enters the U. Spring again.

  There are many sub-year-cycles in either the U. Spring or the U. Autumn. Each sub-year-cycle is composed of S. Spring, S Summer, S Autumn and S Winter. The differences between the sub-year-cycles and the year cycle are：The S. Summer in a sub-year-cycle is composed of dual energy, not pure energy, and the S. Winter is composed of dual matter, not pure matter. Both of the S. Summer and S. Winter become more and more like pure energy in the U. Spring but more and more like pure matter in the U. Autumn. In different sub-year-cycles there are S. Autumns with different initial states, different courses and different lives in them. Not in all of the S. Autumns may the human beings arise and exist. Through the gradually and repeatedly grinding of the sub cycles, the pure energy is digested by the U. Autumn and the pure matter is digested by the U. Spring.

  Since the year cycle is a continuous process without beginning or end, therefore, any theories that are based on a universe with a beginning and an end, whether it is a common sense or a religious bible or a scientific law, reflect only one part of the year cycle but not the whole of it.

  Since human beings exist only in one of the four universes, and exist only in one period and one location of this universe, therefore, it is for sure that all the phenomena we have already known are far less than one fourth of all the phenomena that may exist, and it is also possible that we might never know more than the one fourth limitation.

  The phenomena found in one of the four universes may never be found in other three. There is no phenomenon of matter in the U. Summer and no phenomenon of energy in the U. Winter. There are no phenomena of pure Reex in either the U. Spring or U. Autumn. Though there are dual phenomenon in both U. Spring and U. Autumn, but their initial states and directions of changes are opposite to each other. For instance, the phenomena of atom appear before the phenomena of aster in the U. Autumn but after in the U. Spring. Because of those differences, all scientific concepts, theories and laws based on certain phenomena existing and being tenable in one universe may not be applicable to other universes. The better a scientific law can explain and predict the phenomena within one universe, the more absurd outcome it may lead to when it is applied to explain and predict the phenomena that may appear at the point of the universe’s beginning and end, or even beyond its beginning and end. And scientific concepts, theories and laws based on phenomena existing in one location of a universe may not always be tenable in other location of the same universe. There is no general scientific law in the year cycle.

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER 3     LIVES

 

Since scientists found that atomic nuclei had appeared far before human beings came into being, therefore, we do not only live in a whole of dual Reex but also in an U. Autumn. Though the U. Autumn is a natural development of the U. Summer, nothing exists in the U. Autumn has existed in the U. Summer. At the starting point of our U. Autumn, there was nothing existing like atoms, asters, plants, animals or human beings. All of them have been created by the development of the U. Autumn and all of them have been the component parts of the development. The creative change happened in this development are called as life. Though life does not exist everywhere in our universe, it certainly does not occur only in biological bodies like living plants and animals either.

  Life is the appearances of the Reex. However, not all but only the dual Reex may appear as life, and not all but only some of the dual Reex that are in the following 3 states appear as life. The Reex in these 3 states are called the pure life, the spring life and the autumn life. These 3 kinds of lives are the fifth conjecture of this article.

  The pure life is the dynamic equilibrium state in which a dual energy continuously changes into a relevant dual matter and simultaneously the dual matter continuously changes back to the relevant dual energy, and all the changes lead to neither increase nor decrease of the total amount of the matter and energy in the environment where the changes occur. The year cycle may be regarded as a pure life existing in time, and the pure life may be regarded as a year cycle existing in a local space. The second law of thermodynamics is not applicable to any system in which there is a life, a sub-year-cycle or the year cycle, because it only reflects the direction of the U. Autumn.

  Because all the dual Reex must become more and more like either the pure energy or the pure matter, therefore, the life must also change towards either direction. The life that becomes more and more like the pure matter, the same direction of the U. Autumn, is called the autumn life; and the life that becomes more and more like the pure energy, the same direction of the U. Spring, is called the spring life. There is no life in either U. Summer or U. Winter because there is no dual Reex in them. There are both spring life and autumn life in both U. Spring and U. Autumn. However, U. Spring is predominated by the spring live and U. Autumn by the autumn life.

  Their directions determine that the spring life consumes matter and produces energy and the autumn life consumes energy and produces matter. For instance, in comparison, the lives that produce the solar energy are spring lives, and the lives that compose the plants or the animals that live directly or indirectly on the solar energy are autumn lives.

  Among all portions of the energy that participate in the changes of an individual life, the portion of energy that is changing from energy into matter is called the energy component of life, and the rest portions of the energy is called the direct energy environment of life. Among all portions of the matter that participate in the changes of an individual life, the portion of matter that is changing from matter into energy is called the matter component of life, and the rest portions of the matter is called the direct matter environment of life. The portions of energy and matter participating in the changes of an individual life become either its components or direct environment at random.

  All the rest of the dual Reex that coexist with an individual life but are neither its component nor its direct environment are called the indirect environment of the life. The indirect environment contains innumerable local indirect environments of the life. For one individual life, there may be a large number of local indirect environments but only one indirect environment.

  There may be many identical or different lives existing in one indirect environment. Shared local indirect environments may connect the direct environments of different lives together, through which different lives may exchange matter and energy with each other. Those exchanges do not lead to any change in the total amount of the matter and energy in the indirect environment, but do lead to the formation of interrelation among the lives in it. And such interrelations among different lives appear as relation, form, structures and processes of the indirect environment.

  All the changes of the U. Spring and the U. Autumn may be divided further into 2 groups, called the energy change of life and the matter change of life. The energy changes of life are the changes in the quantity of the matter and the energy that compose the direct environment, and the consequential changes in the components of life. The matter changes of life are the changes in the form of the matter and energy that compose the direct environment of the life, and the consequential changes in the relations of matter and energy exchanges among individual lives in the indirect environment. The results of the energy changes of life are the occurrence and disappearance of lives in the indirect environment of life, and the results of the matter changes of life are the occurrence and disappearance of relations, forms, structures and processes in the indirect environment of life.

  The energy change of life may lead to the disappearance of either matter components or energy components of a life, both of which are considered as the death of the life. If the change is towards the direction of the U. Spring, there will be more and more energy and/or less and less matter in the direct environment of a life, less and less its energy components change into its matter components, and more and more its matter components change into its energy components, until all its matter components disappear. The state in which a life loses all its matter components is called the heat death of the life. If the change is towards the direction of the U. Autumn, there will be less and less energy in the direct environment of a life, less and less the energy components of the life change into its matter components, and less and less its matter components change into energy components, until all its energy components disappear. The state in which a life loses all its energy components is called the cold death of the life.

  The remained matter components of a life after its cold death are called frozon or frozons. An adult human body is composed of about 10²⁷ of atomic nuclei and the electrons around them. All of the atomic nuclei are such frozons. Whenever producing a frozon, an autumn life also produces some energy at the same time, which may be called as postnatal energy. The postnatal energy is lower in its Reex density than the energy component of the autumn life that produces it and the frozon.

  According to the direction of the U. Autumn, all the frozons produced by previous lives are the indirect matter environment of lives that follow; and all the postnatal energy is their direct energy environment. And also according to the direction of the U. Autumn, the earlier the frozons was produced in the course of the U. Autumn or the higher the Reex density of the direct energy environment of the life that produces the frozons, the less different among those frozons, even though no frozon is identical to another.

  The matter changes of life do not directly lead to any death of lives but lead to the changes in matter and energy exchange relations among all the lives in the indirect environment. Such changes may cause the death of a pair of relevant lives at the same time, one of which is the heat death and the another the cold death, called together as the organisation death. Whenever the matter changes of life cause the disappearance of lives, it will cause the occurrence of another lives at the same time, and cause consequent changes in the relations, forms, structures and processes in the indirect environment. The organisation death happens all the time in the evolution of species and the development of individual organisms.

  To the U. Autumn itself, the 3 kinds of death are more important than the occurrence of lives. Without them, the U. Autumn would not develop further; without them, no atom, aster, plant, animal or human being might come into being. In the light of this reason, we should respect death, at least, as much as we love life.

  No life may escape from the death caused by the energy changes, but all lives may continually exist as long as the results of their matter changes in favour with their existence. Therefore, the results of the progress of the year cycle are not always the occurrence and disappearance of lives, may also be the changes in their forms. The forms of life will become more and more complex as the U. Autumn progresses, but simpler and simpler as the U. Spring progresses. For instance, the core temperature of human body is about 30°C warmer than the average temperature of the seawater, which reflects the difference between the energy environment where the human lives occurred in the past and that where we are living now. The complex forms of human body are the favoured matter changes that keep the human lives from any energy change even though our energy environment has already cooled down enormously.

  The occurrence and disappearance of individual lives in an indirect environment cause the occurrence and disappearance of relations of matter and energy exchange among different lives. The processes in which new and existing individual lives rebuild their relations and integrate with each other in an indirect environment are called the reorganisation of the indirect environment. Reorganisation is the changes that obey Darwin’s theory of evolution.

    The reorganisation of any indirect environment will lead to two contrary results, called the integration and the specification. The integration means that the individual lives in the indirect environment are becoming more and more like each other and have simpler relations, which makes the indirect environment appear more like energy. And the specification means that the individual lives are becoming more and more different from each other and have more complex relations, which makes the indirect environment appear more like matter. For instance, a fertilised human egg is an indirect environment high in integration but low in specification in comparison with the adult human body. The development from the former to the latter is a process of reorganisation in which new specification and new integration are continuously produced, while mean time each of them continuously conceals the other. An adult human body is always the best compromise of its integration and specification in view of its relation with the human society. Since all organisms are lives changing towards the direction of the U. Autumn, the specification will gradually become predominating over the integration during both the development of any individual biological body and the evolution of any species.

  The organisation of any indirect environment where the autumn lives predominate will become more and more complex as time goes on and where the spring lives predominate will get more and more simplified. A human body is such a local indirect environment in which the autumn lives predominate over the spring lives.

  Though there are both the energy changes and the matter changes of life in the U. Autumn, the energy changes are getting less, slower and weaker, whereas the matter changes are getting more, faster and stronger. And it is just the inverse in the U. Spring.

  Both the energy changes and the matter changes can be further divided into 2 groups of different changes, called the determined change of life and the random change of life. The determined changes are the matter or energy changes of life that follow the direction of the year cycle, and the random changes are the matter or energy changes of life that follow the direction of pure life. All the changes of life are both determined change and random change at the same time. And both determined and random changes will equally lead to the reorganisation of the indirect environment of life.

 

LIVES FROM DIFFERENT PERIODS OF THE U. AUTUMN

  The U. Autumn where we exist rose from the pure energy state of a U. Summer about 15 to 20 thousand million years ago, and will fall to the pure matter state of a U. Winter probably 10²⁶ years later. Changing from the pure energy to the pure matter, the U. Autumn itself is a long course composed of extreme large number of intermediate states of the dual Reex. Everything that was, is and will exist originates from one of the states, is itself one of the states and will change into one of the states.

  Through the changes in the U. Autumn, the Reex whole is getting lower in density, less evenly and equally distributed, more paths and more reciprocating paths in its movement. Its appearances are becoming more like matter, more macroscopic, more structures and processes, colder, more various, more asynchronous and asymmetric, faster in time, and so on. This is the direction of the U. Autumn.

  This direction of the U. Autumn determines that there are fundamental differences among the lives occurred at different periods of the course of the U. Autumn. According to their differences, it may be considered as that there are 3 different kinds of autumn lives existing in the U. Autumn. The earliest one, which begins to occur at the beginning of the U. Autumn, is called the life of high energy. The latest one, which begins to occur at the end of the U. Autumn, is called the life of high matter. And the one in between, which begins to occur in the middle of the U. Autumn, is called the life of high organisation. Those 3 kinds of autumn lives are the sixth conjecture.

  The most typical life of high energy has one shared direct environment among many components of life but does not have the indirect environment. Its energy components are the energy almost like the pure energy, and its matter components are the most microscopic matter with extremely high Reex density. Just like what the lives of plants and animals are doing today, the lives of high energy were metabolising energy and matter, reproducing themselves, sensing and responding to the changes in their environment about 20 thousand million years ago.

  The earlier a life occurs in the course of the U. Autumn, the higher Reex density its energy component will be, the shorter the life will exist, and the more frozons it will produce, the heavier and smaller its frozons will be. The very first babies borne by live of high energy may be some extremely microscopic Reex strings with extremely high Reex density. Though those Reex strings occupy little space of our universe, they possess more than 90% of all the Reex; and all the other things, all the atoms, all the plants, animals and humans, and most of the asters, possess the rest less than 10% of the Reex. As the universe cooled down those U. Autumn’s firstborn babies grew up from Reex strings to dual Reex with lots of reciprocating paths, and possess extremely high gravitational mass. They exist at the centres of clusters and galaxies and are the dark matter scientists are looking for.

  The most typical lives of high organisation have both direct and indirect environments. The Reex density of its components is neither so high as that of the lives of high energy nor so low as that of the lives of high matter. We can still find the approximately differences between the energy environment of the lives of high energy and that of the lives of high organisation by fissioning their frozons. For instance, all the biological lives are the lives of high organisation. Their matter components are chemical bonds and their energy components are the energy that produces those chemical bonds. The chemical bonds can be split with the energy of a few electron volts that is approximately similar to the energy that composes the direct energy environment of the biological lives. Nowadays, with the energy of more than 100 thousand million electron volts, physicists can produce a direct energy environment of 10¹⁴ degrees Kelvin, approximately similar to the environment at the 10^-12 second after the beginning of our universe. The Reex density of this energy environment is still very much lower than the one at exact point of the beginning of the U. Autumn. Such a great difference shows how cold our environment is for the lives of high energy. Therefore, many of the things that we call non-living matter are actually the matter components of the lives of high energy deeply frozen by the temperature of our environment. The earlier a frozon was produced in the past, the deeper it is frozen at present and the more it appears as matter. The lives that occur in non-biological bodies and biological bodies are essentially the same. Their differences are made only by their relation to the U. Autumn, that is, lives have been active in non-biological bodies before but are being active in biological bodies now and here.

  The lives of high organisation are also different from the lives of high energy in the longevity of their existence and variation of their forms. Generally speaking, the lower the Reex density of the direct environments of a life is, the longer it exists, the more forms it develops into. For instance, the lives that produced all the protons and neutrons existed only in a period from the first microsecond to the first second of the beginning of our universe. As a striking contrast, the lives that produce all the plants and animals on the earth have already existed more than 4 thousand million years and are still active. Its long life gives the lives of high organisation more chances of developing various forms.

  The lives of high organisation are neither so unified as the lives of high energy nor so complex as the lives of high matter, it is the combination of both the lives of high energy and the lives of high matter. Creating complex but unified indirect environment is the nature of the lives of high organisation and is the inevitable outcome of their developments in the U. Autumn. Such unified complexity is not an evidence for the existence of a creator or God.

  As the U. Autumn progresses further and further, all the direct environments of lives will become smaller and smaller and the existence of lives will become more and more dependent on the matter and energy exchanges among different lives in the indirect environment. The matter and energy that an autumn life gains may come from either a spring life, such as that plants from the sun, or from another autumn life different in forms, such as that carnivores from herbivores and herbivores from plants. The more complex an organism is, the more its existence depends on the matter and energy exchanges.

  The most typical lives of high matter have indirect environment of life but do not have the direct environment of life. Its energy components are the energy almost at the absolute zero of thermodynamics, and its matter components are the matter almost like the pure matter. It may not yet exist in our universe.

  It is possible that the universe found by scientists is still a S. Autumn in a sub cycle. If it is so, there must be dual Reex and lives existed before its beginning.

 

BIOLOGICAL LIVES ON THE EARTH

  The lives of plants, animals, including human beings occur in the bodies that are composed of nucleic acids, proteins, sugar molecules and fatty acids. Such bodies are called biological bodies or organisms, and the lives that occur in the biological bodies are called biological lives and all the biological lives are the lives of high organisation. As any other kinds of lives, the biological life has its own position in the year cycle. Biological life can occur neither in the U. Summer because there exists no matter, nor in the U. Winter because there exists no energy. And the energy and the matter that compose the biological lives are not the same as the energy in the U. Summer or the matter in the U. Winter. Biological lives can not occur in the U. Spring too, because the direction of changes there is just the invert of the U. Autumn's. In the U. Autumn, biological lives occur much later than the occurrence of the nuclei produced by the lives of high energy, but if the biological lives might occur in the U. Spring, they have to occur much earlier than the occurrence of any nucleus because it is the lives of high matter that occur at the beginning of the U. Spring and the lives of high energy occur only at the end of it. Therefore, the biological lives are the autumn lives that only occur in the U. Autumn, maybe only in its very early stage.

  As other lives, the origin of autumn life is always the result of the occurrence of certain energy. The energy that caused the origins of the biological lives on the earth came first from the forming course of the solar system, especially the earth. The formation of the solar system began about 5 thousand million years ago as a lot of cosmic dust was gathering into many centres. Ninety nine per cent of the dust forms the sun and rest of it forms the other 9 planets. As more and more matter of the dust gathers together, part of them at the centre of each centres change into various forms of energy. This energy first led to the rise of the activities of the spring lives in those planets. Their different mass determined that different solar planets underwent different activities of the spring lives and got different products of the activities.

  The activities of spring lives gradually fell off as the increase of the mass of the planets gradually stopped. As activities of spring lives decreased, the activities of autumn lives occurred and increased in those planets. The autumn lives consumed the energy and created new forms of matter in the planets. The activities of the spring lives ended, at least ended from their surfaces, long time ago in all the solar planets except the sun. The activities of spring lives in the sun provide the second source of energy that influences the activities of lives, mainly the autumn lives, on other planets. Their different distances from the sun determined that different solar planets had different patterns of autumn lives, underwent different developmental course of the autumn lives, and have different products of their autumn lives. Therefore, it is the earth's mass and its distance to the sun that determine that all the plants, animals and the human beings with intelligent minds may occur on the earth than any other planets.

  About 4.5 thousand million years ago, the earth began to cool down. During its cooling course, various autumn lives occurred, then died and left masses of new molecules as their frozons. The first generation of lives concerning the large biological molecules, called as biological lives of earth energy, occurred at a temperature point of the course where the environmental conditions made it easy for the carbon atoms to form or break bonds among themselves or with other atoms. The matter components of the biological lives of earth energy were different DNA molecules. They were living DNA molecules, reproducing themselves fast in large quantity and great variation and living in large but localised environments instead of in cells. As the results of their activities, a sea of primary DNA molecules of all the possible permutation and combination were left, long before any cell, any protein or any RNA came into being. All the chromosomes now found in all the cells of all the plants and animals are actually good or bad copies of the primary DNA molecules. The biological lives of earth energy and their environment may be called as DNA world.

  As the energy environment gradually became lower and lower, the second generation of biological lives rose on the base of the ready-made chromosomes. There are two different sorts of them, called the biological lives of solar energy and the biological lives of biochemical energy. The former take the energy from the sunlight as their energy components, the latter the energy released by biochemical reaction. They both have various RNAs, proteins, sugar molecules and fatty acids as their matter components.

  Both the biological lives do not create new primary DNA molecules, but their developments along the direction of the U. Autumn did create all the other large biological molecules, individual combination of primary DNA or chromosomes, cells and multicellular organisms. Species rose from the primary DNA molecules might be 20 million times more than those found nowadays but most of them have already been eliminated by natural selection. Nowadays, all the living microorganisms, plants, animals and human beings are descendants of the two lives. Human beings rose from one species of the lives of biochemical energy even though the lives of modern human beings depend upon complex sources of energy.

  In comparison, the two biological lives today are exactly the same as they were at their very beginning. They have the same energy and matter components. Their activities still have to be based on certain replications of the primary DNA molecules. The only difference is that the indirect environments of life in which the early biological lives were maintained were much simple than those for modern biological lives, because the direction of the U. Autumn decides that there will be less and less energy appearances but more and more matter appearances in the indirect environments. The more and more complex indirect environments are the only things that the evolution of the biological lives have created over more than 4 thousand million years and are still creating now. And now their most creative fields have already moved from large biological molecules, cells, and individual organisms to biological societies.

  There have been changes happened to the replications of the primary DNA molecules. However, there might be no direct cause-and-effect linkage between the origin of a new species and the changes happened in its precursor's chromosomes. As the matter indirect local environment, the chromosomes have only decided what the creative power of the biological lives might not do but not what they should do, nor how and when they do them. It might be predicted that if planting only human chromosomes into a plant’s cell, a normal human baby could not be brought out at the end of its development. Species might continuously evolve without any gene changes until they reach the limitation of their chromosomes. For example, human beings might have lived as aquatic animals, amphibians and terrestrial animals during the evolution but might have all the time carried the same or almost the same chromosomes as we have today! Changes in chromosomes and in indirect environments have been human being’s two legs when we walked on our way of evolution and natural selection.

  What we described above, biological lives on the earth originated from a DNA world, is the seventh conjecture of this article.

  Though they might not occur in every U. Autumn, plants, animals and human beings may always come into being from the same environment and the same course. If we can find another environment as same as the solar system and the earth, we will always find the same plants, animals and human beings there just as those have been found on the earth. And the human beings we may find from another earth will have the similar heads and the similar bodies as we have. Generally speaking, we will find the future of ourselves from another older earth and the past of ourselves from another younger earth.

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER 4    ORGANISATION

 

Unlike the lives of high energy or high matter, all the lives of high organisation depend on the organisation of the indirect environment for their occurrence, existence and development. It is the eighth conjecture that assumes that all the indirect environment of the lives of high organisation, such as a cell, a plant, an animal or a society, is composed of many basic units called as IMB systems that are fundamentally identical with each other.

  This IMB system is not the cell, otherwise the lives of high organisation might not exist before the occurrence of the first cell, may not exist below or above the level of cell, or occur in non-biological bodies.

  This IMB system is composed of 3 parts, two of which are parts of the local indirect environment of an individual life of high organisation and the rest one part is composed of the components and the direct environments of the life. Through one of the first two parts, dual energy or dual matter moves from local indirect environment towards the direct environments of the life, called the input part of the IMB system ; through another, dual energy or dual matter moves from the direct environments towards the local indirect environment, called the output part of the IMB system . And the direct environment and the components of the life are together called the reaction part of the IMB system. Local indirect environments that are neither the input part nor the output part but connect directly or indirectly with either the input part or the output part of an IMB system are together called its environment. An IMB system is the most basic unit based up which an individual life of high organisation may occur, exist and undergo the continuous reorganisation. All the bodies of micro-organisms, plants and animals are composed of the IMB systems.

  The input part connects an IMB system with the part of its environment as the sources of the matter and energy it inputs, and the output part connects an IMB system to the part of its environment as the outlets for the matter and energy it outputs. The reaction part of an IMB system connects both the input part and the output part, and it functions as a reactor where matter and energy interact with each other.

  An IMB system contains either an individual spring life that consumes matter to produce energy or an individual autumn life that consumes energy to produce matter. The changes both from matter to energy and from energy to matter are called the life change. There are two other changes happening in every IMB system, which are called the transform change and the transfer change. The transform change is the change in the form of a portion of matter or energy in an IMB system, and the transfer change is the change in the location of a portion of matter or energy in an IMB system. Neither the transform changes nor the transfer changes produce matter or energy. The changes happen in the input part and the output part of an IMB system are mainly the transform changes, and in the reaction part are mainly the life changes. And the transfer changes happen in all the three parts. The activities of the mind can not be explained only with the activities of the nerve impulses and neurotransmitters, because the nerve impulse moving through a nerve or the neurotransmitter moving through a synapse is only transfer change, and the nerve impulse changes into neurotransmitter or vice versa is only the transform change.

 Dual matter and dual energy may get into an IMB system only through its input part and may get out of an IMB system only through its output part. The input and out put of dual Reex by the two parts are highly selective, depending on the parts’ properties, their working state and which environment they connect with.

  No matter what a IMB system composes or is composed of, the dual matter or the dual energy input from its environment into the system may be called as information, those output out of the system may be called as behaviour, and, in comparison, the dual matter or the dual energy existing in the system before the information is input or after the behaviour is output may be called as memory.

  Though all the information, the memory and the behaviour are dual Reex, the dual Reex of the memory never appear as the same as the dual Reex of the information or the behaviour. The memory may appear more like dual energy in an IMB system, and then the information and the behaviour must appear more like dual matter. The relation among them is called as the MEM relation. The memory may appear more like dual matter in an IMB system, and then the information and the behaviour must appear more like dual energy. The relation among them is called as the EME relation. The life in an IMB system with the EME relation is autumn life and with the MEM relation is spring life.

  The information and the behaviour of the same IMB system are essentially more like each other. The only difference is that their moving directions, relative to the system itself, are opposite to each other. The information moves from the environment to the system and the behaviour moves from the system to its environment. Both of them lead to life changes. The life changes caused by the information happen in the reaction part of an IMB system, whereas the life changes caused by the behaviour happen in other IMB systems in its environment.

  However, the information that an IMB system inputs is never the behaviour it outputs. Information, after it enters the reaction part, will become a part of one of the two direct environments in the reaction part, which is opposite to the direct environment composed by memory. For instance, if the memory composes the direct matter environment in an IMB system with E-M-E relation, the information will become part of its direct energy environment, whereas, when the memory composes the direct energy environment in an IMB system with M-E-M relation, the information will become a part of its direct matter environment. The behaviour is the products of the life in the direct environments.

  A living organism is nerve equal to an IMB system, because one living organism is always composed of more than one IMB systems and not all the parts of all the IMB systems that compose an organism exist within the body of the organism. Among all the IMB systems that compose one organism, some of them have all the three parts within the body of the organism, but some others may have only two or one or even less part within it and have the rest parts in the environment of the organism. Therefore, an IMB system may not only exist within an organism but may also exist within a group of organisms or within a whole of organisms. One IMB system’ s parts at one time may become parts of another IMB systems at another time. One certain part of one IMB system may become any part of another IMB systems. And the parts of one IMB system at one time may become parts that do not belong to any IMB system at another time.

  The IMB systems that exist completely within an organism produce the organism's individual behaviours and the IMB systems that exist only partly within an organism produce the organism's group behaviours or the behaviours of a whole. Since it is composed of many different IMB systems, every organism will simultaneously behave as an individual, as a member of groups and as a part of a whole. For instance, an adult human body is composed of about 1.8¹⁵ cells. Each of the cells is composed of many IMB systems, some of which exist completely within one cell and produce the cell's individual behaviours, some of which exist in a group of cells and produce their group behaviours, and some of which exist in all the cells of the body and produce the behaviours of the whole body.

  The human mind is also the IMB systems. The mind is composed of the IMB systems and is itself an IMB system. In basic organisation and principle, there is no fundamental difference between the IMB systems that compose the human mind and those that compose the rest parts of the human body or bodies of any other organisms. What the human mind is different from any other IMB systems is its position in the structure and process of the U. Autumn. Relative to the U. Autumn, the human mind is the product of other IMB systems and also produces other IMB systems. The existence of the human mind depends on the matter and energy exchanges with other IMB system, and it is also depended for the existence of other IMB systems. No matter what wonderful things the human mind have created or will create, we should still be aware that it is the lives before the human lives created the atoms, the asters, the plants and animals on the earth, and the human beings and human minds themselves.

  There are much more IMB systems than cells in a human body. Most of the IMB systems produce individual behaviours, some produce group behaviours and fewer produce the behaviours of whole body. However, not all but only some of those behaviours may be called as the human behaviours. The human behaviours are only the behaviours in which all the cells of a human body behave as a whole relative to the human body's environment and only the behaviours that are produced by the IMB systems that compose the human mind. Still not all the behaviours produced by the IMB systems that compose the human mind may be called the human behaviours, some of which may be called the plant behaviours, some may be called the animal behaviours, only those related with other individual human beings, the human society and the whole human beings may be called the human behaviours. All the IMB systems that produce the three sorts of behaviours are together called the self of an individual human being or a human self for short.

  Still, not all the three sorts of behaviours mean the same to the existence of the human self. For instance, the cells in the body of patient in vegetable state will continuously produce individual behaviours, group behaviours, some behaviours of whole body and maybe even some mind's plant behaviours and animal behaviours, it is only the human behaviours that they can not produce, which makes the human body live but no longer live as a human being. Therefore, a human being can be defined as the unification of a living human body and the human behaviours.

  However, it is still wrong to deduce that every other organism may have a mind as the mind that the human being has, because not all organisms have nerve cells, brains or highly developed cerebral cortices, all of which are the very basis of the human mind. The organisation of the human mind will be discussed in the next chapter.

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER 5     MIND

 

ORGANISATION OF THE MIND

A human mind is a part of a living human body. The main part of the human mind exists in the nervous system, including the brain, the spinal cord, the ganglia and the nerves, and the rest of it exists in other part of the body, including sense organs, motor organs and inner organs.

  The mind is only a part of the nervous system and also a part of other organs. As any other part of the human body or any other part of the human nervous system, the human mind exists as a course with a beginning and an end. During this course, the organisation of the mind become from non-existing to existing, then from more to less; from simple to complex, then from more complex to simpler. The organisation of the mind described below exists around the middle of the course.

 

 

 

FIGURE (1)   ORGANISATION OF THE HUMAN MIND

The areas between the peripheral circle and the central circle are the hereditary parts of the mind. The areas within the central circle are the acquired parts of the mind. The areas outside the peripheral circle are the parts of the mind located inside the body but outside the nervous system. Area 1, 2 and 3 are the intermediate brains. Area 4 is the OM. Area 5 is SM. Area 6 is MM. Area 0 is the CM. Area 7, 8 and 9 are the IM. The solid blue stripes are where the consciousness is produced.

 

  As shown in Figure (1), the organisation of human mind is composed of 6 parts, called the sense brain (SB), the organ brain (OB), the motor brain (MB) and the 3 intermediate brains. The sense brain has more direct connections with the sense organs that compose the surface of the human body. The motor brain has more direct connections with the skeletal muscles. And the organ brain has more direct connections with internal organs. The exchanges of information and behaviour between the organ brain and internal organs are transferred through both the autonomic nervous system and the circulatory body fluid. The intermediate brains that have more direct connections with the sense brain, the organ brain and the motor brain.

  Each of the brains is composed of two parts, called the hereditary part and the acquired part. The acquired parts are newer than the hereditary parts in evolution and individual development. Each hereditary part is composed of two subparts, called the peripheral area, connected with the organs, and the central area, connected with the acquired part. Each acquired part is also composed of two subparts, one of which is owned by each the brain, called as the peripheral memory or called individually as the memory of the sense brain (SM), the memory of the organ brain (OM), the memory of the motor brain (MM) and the intermediate memory (IM). And another subpart of the acquired part is shared by sense brain, organ brain and motor brain, called the central memory (CM). The CM is the core part of the mind. Reex that moves towards the CM is entering the mind and otherwise is leaving the mind. This organisation of the human mind is the ninth conjecture.

 

ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE HUMAN MIND

To the contrary of many people's believe, the human mind itself is not a transcendent information processor, memory user or behaviour producer, but is only those information, memory and behaviour themselves. The human mind is a local indirect environment of life, the only things that exist in which are information, memory, behaviour and their intermediate and transitional products. Their life changes, transform changes, transfer changes and their interaction appear as all the psychological phenomena such as consciousness, intelligence, thinking, etc. This is the tenth conjecture.

  The energy of information that a mind gains from sense organs or from other external sources may trigger the production of consciousness but themselves may never appears as consciousness in the mind. Relative to the dual matter of memory, the consciousness is a dual energy produced by the spring lives in the mind. Whenever consciousness occurs in a mind, the mind is not gaining or feeling the energy but is only producing it. Consciousness is produced in the hereditary parts of each brain. The consciousness produced in the S brain is called the CS (the consciousness of the S brain), in the O brain the CO, and in the M brain the CM. The CS is the consciousness what we see, hear, sense by touch, smell, taste and so on. The CO is the consciousness of the emotion, desire and internal feelings. And the CM is what the mind recollects or creates in the forms of language, symbol, image, sound, etc. Each of the CS, the CO and the CM is produced in a special area in its relevant brain. Please refer FIGURE 5.1. for the locations. After being produced, the consciousness will flow further to the acquired parts of the brains and undergo life changes together with memory there.

  The energy of consciousness is not the whole mind but only a component part of it, which is produced by the other parts of the mind that do not present as consciousness. The consciousness alone does not sense, does not remember or recollect, does not think, does not feel or will, does not move the limbs and trunk, does not speak or smile, and does not drive or rule the mind.

  Besides the energy of consciousness, there are many other kinds of energy produced in the mind. One of them is called the energy of waking. Just like the human body can only work at certain range of body temperature, the energy of waking is equally and widely produced in the mind as an internal energy environment for the activities of the mind in its waking state. What makes the difference between the waking state and the sleep state of the mind is only whether the energy of waking is produced or not. The control information for producing the energy of waking is input from the non-mind part of brain. Relatively, the mind is predominated by the spring lives when in its waking state and therefore produces more consciousness and behaviour, but is predominated by the autumn lives when in its sleep state and therefore produces more memory.

  Relative to either the energy of consciousness or the energy of waking, the memory appears as dual matter. As dual matter, the memory appears as the structures of the mind. All the structures of the mind are its memory. There are two different kinds of memory, called the hereditary memory and the acquired memory. Though more hereditary memories are formed before the time point of the birth and more acquired memories are formed after, the time point of the birth does not distinguish the difference of them. The hereditary memory is the structures formed as the result of the interaction among the lives in the same body, and the acquired memory is the structures formed as the result of the interaction among the lives in the same body environment. The hereditary memory composes the hereditary part of the mind and the acquired memory composes the acquired part of the mind. The hereditary memory is more like the U. Autumn and the acquired memory is more like the pure life.

  The memories are either the matter components or the direct matter environment of the lives in the indirect environment of mind. The various energies such as the consciousness, the waking and many others are either the energy components or the direct energy environment of the lives. The spring lives in the mind consume memory and produce the dual energy of consciousness, behaviour or others. The autumn lives in the mind consume the consciousness and produce the dual matter of memory. Both the spring lives and the autumn lives undergo the energy change and the matter change, which lead further the reorganisation of the mind. The principles of the activities of the mind are the principles of the indirect environment of life.

  The relations among the lives in the indirect environment of the S brain simulate the world outside the human body and are together called the internal world (inW). The relations among the lives in the indirect environment of the O brain simulate the human body and are together called the internal self (inS). The relations among the lives in the indirect environment of the M brain simulate the activities of the body in the world and are together called the internal behaviour (inB). And the relations among the lives in the intermediate brains simulate the relations among the inW, the inS and the inB, and are together called the internal relation (inR). Since all the brains are composed of the hereditary parts and the acquired parts, there are both the hereditary and the acquired relations in each of the inW, the inS, the inB and the inR. Therefore, all the consciousness and behaviour are determined by both of them. Those inW, inS, inB and inR act and interact with each other autonomously according to the relations that they simulate. And the consciousness, produced according to the information from sense organs, joins their activities and makes the activities also initiated, directed, adjusted and constrained by rest of the body and body’s environment.

  All the relations in the inW, the inS, the inB and the inR may be divided into the structure relation called S knot and the process relation called P knot. Both of the knots are organisations of more-few relation. Because the more-few relation, the P knot enable a person's mind to know a course without the limitation of the time at which his body exists and the S knot enable a person's mind to know a structure without the limitation of the space where his body is located. Both knots may further be divided into hereditary knots and acquired knots.

  Both intelligence and instinct reflect the mind's abilities of producing, maintaining, organising and using memory. The intelligence is the appearance of the mind's activities associating with the acquired memory, which relatively appear more like the changes of the pure life. And the instinct is the appearance of the activities associating with the hereditary memory, which relatively appear more like the changes of the U. Autumn.

  Mainly, the movement of the dual energy in the mind is orientated from sense organs to the peripheral area in the hereditary part of the S brain, from the central area in the hereditary part of the S brain to its relevant peripheral memory, from the peripheral memory of the S brain, through central memory, to the peripheral memory of the O brain or the M brain, from the peripheral memory of the O brain or the M brain to central area of the hereditary part of the O brain or the M brain, from the peripheral area of the hereditary part of the O brain or the M brain either output as behaviour or input again as consciousness.

  The central memory is an area of multi-direction, more like life than any other areas of memory. The organisation of the central memory and the energy in it is called the thought. The thought exists as a whole. There is only one thought in one mind.

  The behaviour or consciousness produced by the O brain is called the language of the O brain (the O language), and that by the M brain is called the language of the M brain (the M language). The language of the brains output from the hereditary part of the O brain or the M brain can be either consciousness or behaviour but can never be both of them at the same time.

  The thought is never the consciousness or the behaviour. The O language and the M language are descriptions and translations of the thought but not the thought itself. Usually the languages of the brains can only describe and translate once a fraction of the entire thought. In communication with other persons, the O language may be used alone to express one's thought, but the M language is usually used together with the O language.

  The input of the consciousness selectively increases the energy in the indirect environment of the mind and further increases the activities of the spring lives in the mind. The output of the behaviour selectively decreases the energy in the mind and further increases the activities of the autumn lives in the mind. Therefore, the output can influence the mind as well as the input.

  Thought is different in its form from the languages that express it. Though the human mind has much more ways to express its thought, no thought may be expressed thoroughly and exactly. When it can not be expressed with proper forms, ways and opportunities, the thought will interact with the O brain and the M brain, which may lead to the reorganisation of their indirect environments. Such reorganisation of mind may produce either some creation or certain psychological illness.

  Thinking is the circulation in which the energy product output from the hereditary part of the O brain or the M brain is input back to the acquired parts and reprocessed by the mind. The whole process of the feedback and reprocessing is called the ruminant process. The ruminant process is an important way of communication among the three brains. Not only the consciousness but also the behaviour is the way through which the ruminant process may be carried out, the former is called the internal ruminant process and the latter the external ruminant process.

  What I said above has been all about the parts of the human self that are located in one human body. And in the final chapter, we will discuss how the rest parts of an individual human self exist.

 

THE SOUL

At the centre of our living, feeling, thinking, judging and behaving, there are something called as SELF. However, this self is only a consciousness created by the O brain, and is, therefore, only a part of a human self, not the whole of it. The eleventh conjecture says: a complete human self is composed of 3 parts, called as the body, the mind and the soul.

  An individual human self is composed of many different IMB systems, some of which have some of their parts in the non-mind part of the body and rest of their parts in the mind and produce plant behaviours, called as plant system; some of which have all their parts in the mind and produce animal behaviours, called as animal system; and some of which have some of their parts in the mind and rest of their parts in the body's environment and produce human behaviours, called as human system. The human self exists neither entirely in an individual mind, nor entirely in an individual human body.

  The parts of an individual human self in the body's environment are called the unified parts, the parts in the body's non-mind part are called the scattered parts, and the parts in the mind the related parts. The difference is that the scattered parts of an individual human self can not be the parts of other human selves at the same time but the unified parts can. Many human selves in the same environment can share same unified parts. The unified parts unify many human selves as a whole.

  A human self does not always have all the three component parts during its whole existence. At the very beginning when a human being is still one fertilised egg, none of the parts of the human self exists. During the human body's development, the scattered parts of the human self begin to form first, then the related parts, the latest the unified parts. A human self with three component parts exists only during part time of its whole existence. After this period, the scattered parts begin to disappear first, then the related parts. The unified parts of a human self may exist much long than the other two sorts of parts. Its disappearance is not caused only by the disappearance of the body. Therefore, we may say that a human self does not exist completely as the human body exists and does not die completely as the body dies.

 Since The unified parts of a human self may enable a living human body to appears as a human being, may exist outside a human body and still be a part of its mind, may exist even the body no longer exists, and may become a part of other human self, it may, therefore, be called as the soul of the human self.

  Still, the unified parts of the human selves are not immortal but exist also as a course. The whole of the unified parts of the human selves will become more and more like matter if its indirect environment changes towards the direction of the U. Autumn, or become more and more like energy if its indirect environment changes against the direction.

  No matter whatever human beings have created and will create, we are still a part of the U. Autumn and we do only what the U. Autumn has to do. Therefore, the meaning of the human existence, the moral criterions for human behaviours, the orientation of scientific, economic and social developments may never be found within ourselves but can be found from our relation with the year cycle, especially with the U. Autumn.

  This is the twelfth conjecture and the end of this article.

 

Reference:

1. Bertrand Russell: History Of Western Philosophy, George Allen and Unwin Ltd, London, 1946

2. Stephen W. Hawking: A Brief History Of Time, Banam Books, New York, 1988

3. John Boslough: Beyond The Black Hole, Collins, 1985

 

 

 

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