Keys to the Species of Cyathea in Malaysia KEY TO THE SUBDIVISION OF THE GENUS CYATHEA IN MALAYSIA Stipe-scales flabelloid; hairs on lower surfaces, if present, crisped and appressed; pinnules in most cases deeply lobed, basal basiscopic vein rarely from costa; indusia in some cases hemitelioid .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   Subgenus CYATHEA    Indusiate (indusia in some cases very small) or if exindusiate hairy on lower surface of pinna-rachis; axes not very dark; little dimorphism between sterile and fertile pinnules .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   Sect. Cyathea    Exindusiate; axes very dark, not hairy beneath; fertile and sterile pinnules usually very dimorphous .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   Sect. Gymnosphaera Stipe-scales setiferous; hairs on lower surfaces, if present, rather thick and spreading; where pinnules are shallowly lobed, basiscopic vein always from costa; indusia complete, or lacking, or formed of separate scales (in a few cases imperfect, and then not hemitelioid) .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   Subgenus SPHAEROPTERIS    Costules not widely spaced (rarely over 4 mm apart in pinnules 10 cm long); pinnules usually 10 cm or more long, lobed almost or quite to costa throughout, or fully pinnate .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   Sect. Sphaeropteris       Free tertiary leaflets few; indusia present or absent; sori never covered with overlapping scales .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   Subsect. Sphaeropteris       Free tertiary leaflets many; no indusia; sori covered with overlapping scales .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   Subsect. Fourniera    Costules widely spaced (at least 4 mm apart except where pinnules are under 4 cm long); pinnules mostly less than 10 cm long, not lobed to within 1 mm of costa except near base; basal basiscopic vein always from costa; indusiate or not .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   Sect. Schizocaena       Scales of stipe 1 cell thick throughout .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   Subsect. Schizocaena       Scales of stipe thick and fleshy at base, tapering and flat distally .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   Subsect. Sacropholis ADMIRALTY Is. (4 species) Sect. Cyathea .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. media Subsect. Sphaeropteris .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. pulcherrima Subsect. Fourniera .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. aciculosa Subsect. Sarcopholis .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. moseleyi BISMARCK Arch. (3 species) Subsect. Sphaeropteris .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. lunulata Subsect. Sarcopholis Pinnules of largest pinnae 22-28 mm. wide .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. runensis Pinnules of largest pinnae less than 20 mm. wide .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. moseleyi BORNEO (29 species) CELEBES (14 species) d’ENTRECASTEAUX Is. (6 species) Sect. Cyathea Indusium an entire cup with even edge at maturity of sorus .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. rigens Indusium otherwise or lacking     Indusium covering sorus to maturity, then breaking and persistent .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. insulana     Indusium hemitelioid (sometimes almost covering sorus to maturity, sometimes very small)        Indusium entirely brown and rather firm, quite covering sorus to maturity, breaking only when old .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. pachyrrhachis        Indusium a minute scale on costular side of receptacle           Pinnules commonly more than 20 mm. wide .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. glaberrima           Pinnules commonly not more than 20 mm. wide .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. media Sect. Gymnosphaera .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. rubella JAVA (15 species) LESSER SUNDA Is. (6 species) Sect. Cyathea Indusium an entire cup with even edge at maturity of sorus, if fragile sometimes breaking later .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. orientalis Indusium otherwise or lacking     Indusium at first covering sorus, apical part very thin and caducous, an irregular almost flat disc remaining on old sorus .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. crenulata     Indusium entirely brown and rather firm, quite covering sorus to maturity, breaking only when old .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. oinops Sect. Gymnosphaera .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. rebeccae Subsect. Sphaeropteris Scales on costules abundant, copiously fringed with long crisped hairs which become entangled and form a woolly covering .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. tomentosa Scales on costules not thus fringed .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. tenggerensis LOUISIADE Arch. (7 species) Sect. Cyathea Indusium covering sorus to maturity, then breaking and persistent .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. geluensis Indusium lacking (see sect. Gymnosphaera) .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. macgillivrayi Sect. Gymnosphaera Bullate scales present on lower surface of veins of sterile pinnules .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. hornei Bullate scales lacking on veins .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. macgillivrayi Subsect. Sphaeropteris Upper part of stipe and all rachises finely and very closely warty .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. sangirensis Upper part of stipe and rachises thorny or conspicuously warty, warts not very fine and close .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. pilulifera Subsect. Fourniera .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. auriculifera Subsect. Sarcopholis .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   .   C. insularum MALAY PENINSULA (18 species) MOLUCCAS (18 species) NEW GUINEA (83 species) ...... visit <www.anbg.gov.au/projects/fern/taxa> for New Guinea. PHILIPPINES (36 species) SUMATRA (33 species)