| GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES A gerund is the –ing form of a verb ( talking, playing, doing, singing ) An infinitive is to + verb1 ( to talk, to play, to do, to sing ) I like playing football. / I want to play football. She is interested in collecting stamps. / It’s fun to collect stamps. GERUNDS AS THE SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE Playing tennis is fun. / Swimming is my favourite sport. Teaching English is a difficult job. / Being healthy is the most important thing in life. Reading a lot is a good quality. / Lying is a bad habbit. Smoking causes cancer. / Helping people makes me very happy. EXERCISE Complete the sentences using a gerund ........................ isn’t easy. / ......................... can be interesting. ........................ is hard. / ................... is usually a lot of fun. ........................ was a good experince. / ........................ makes me crazy. ........................ is boring. Possible answers: Solving this kind of problems / Visiting a museum / Finding a good job / Playing computer games / Attending that meeting / His complaining / Listening to him IT + ADJECTIVE + INFINITIVE It is fun to play tennis. / It is important to learn a foreing language. It is easy to play chess. / It’s sometimes boring to read history books. It’s a bad habbit to lie. / It’s a good quality to read a lot. It’s a good idea to go for a picnic tomorrow. It’s possible for us to buy a new photocopier this month. EXERCISES Rewrite the sentences changing them with a gerund or an infinitive. It’s fun to ride a horse. ....... Working hard is necessary . ............ It’s a bad habbit to gossip. ........... Climbing the hill is impossible. ......... It’s good for you to do exercise in the morning .......... Learning English is very important today. ......... It’s a good idea to study Maths together. ......... VERB + GERUNDS (- ing) / VERB + INFINITIVES (to...) Verbs + to ... (I want to do something.) want / plan / decide / try / hope / expect / offer / forget / + to ...(to do / to work / to be ...) need / promise / refuse / learn What do you want to do this evening? I need to buy a new pair of boots. Tina has decided to sell her car. You forgot to post the letter, didn’t you? My brother is learning to drive. I tried to mend the car on my own but I couldn’t. Verbs + - ing ( I enjoy doing something. ) enjoy / stop / mind / finish / suggest + - ing ( doing / working / being ) I enjoy listening to music. I don’t mind getting up early. He doesn’t mind working day and night. Would you mind opening the window? Has it stopped raining yet? Sonia suggested going to the cinema. Verbs + ing or to ... like / love / start / prefer + - ing (doing) or to ... (to do) hate / begin / continue Do you like going / to go to the cinema? I prefer travelling / to travel by car. Ann loves dancing / to dance. I hate being / to be late It started raining / to rain. Would + like / love / prefer / hate + to ... (to do / to work / to be) Julia would like to meet you. I’d love to go to Australia. Would you like to have something to drink? “Let’s take a taxi.” “No, I’d prefer to walk home.” I wouldn’t like to be teacher. VERB + OBJECT + INFINITIVE (to ...) Want / would like / ask / tell / allow / recommend / advise somebody to do something I want you to be happy. / I’d like him to be more polite. / I’ll ask Robert to lend me some money. The teacher told us not to make noise. / George allowed her daughter to go to the party. / Jane recommended us to eat in this restaurant. The doctor advised me to stop smoking. |
Make and let After make and let we do not use “to”. Make somebody do something Our boss makes us work very hard. You make me laugh very much. We made them clean the house. Let somebody do something I let him go. My father let me drive the car. Will you let me use your bicyle tomorrow? Help somebody to do / do something I helped him do his homework. They won’t help us to repair the roof. INFINITIVE OF PURPOSE: TO.... / IN ORDER TO... He came here to ask for help. He came here in order to ask for help. I went to the shop to buy some bread. I went to the shop in order to buy some bread. We need a lot of money to pay the bills. We need a lot of money in order to pay the bills. To + verb / for + noun I went to the shop to buy a newspaper. I went to the shop for a newspaper. We need some money to buy food. We need some money for food. They’re going to Istanbul to see their friends. They’re going to Ýstanbul for business. |
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| Surfing is his favourite sport. He enjoys surfing very much. He is crazy about surfing. He wants to surf all day today. It's very enjoyable for him to surf. |