| ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Lesson 1 How do we use adjectives? 1. adjective + noun This is a small ball. She is a beautiful girl. I’ve got brown eyes. Paul is carrying a heavy suitcase. They live in a dangerous city. Ted is fond of risky sports. I don’t like Chinese food. 2. be + adjective Be quiet. / Don’t be stupid. The weather is nice today. It was very bad yesterday. I’m cold. / Are you hungry? / They were tired after work. / Why was the teacher angry? There are beautiful flowers in the garden. / The film wasn’t very good. It was boring. 3. look / feel / smell / taste / sound + adjective You look tired / nice / bad / well / agry. I feel bad / well / angry / cold. It feels soft / hard / hot / cold. It smells bad / good / nice / disgusting. It tastes delicious / bad / salty / sweet. You sound happy / sad / angry / tired. It sounds interesting / boring / great / foolish. Lesson 2 How do we use adverbs? The questions were easy. I answered the questions easily. He is a careful student. He does the tests carefully. 1. adjective + ly = adverb bad – badly / slow – slowly / sudden – suddenly / quick – quickly / quiet – quietly / careful – carefully / easy – easily / heavy – heavily / noisy – noisily 2. Listen to me carefully. / They went into the house quietly. He drives the car slowly. / Suddenly a man ran into the room. / I did the test badly. / I understood him perfectly. / It’s raining heavily. 3. Compare (adjective / adverb) The problem is very easy. You can solve it easily. Be slow. Walk slowly. He was angly. He shoulted at me angrily. She was a happy girly. She lived happily. 4. hard / fast / late / early (These words are both adjectives and adverbs.) My job is very hard. I work very hard. Jack is very fond of fast cars. He likes driving fast. The student was late/early. The student came to school late / early. 5. good (adjective) – well (adverb) You are very good at football. You play football very well. His English is good. He speaks English well. Well is also an adjective (it is used for health: not ill, in good health) How are you? I’m very well, thanks. Lesson 3 Comparative Form of Adjectives 1. adjective + -er old – older / young – younger / tall – taller / slow – slower / fast – faster nice – nicer / late – later / large - larger big – bigger / thin – thinner / fat – fatter / hot – hotter easy – easier / lazy – lazier / noisy – noisier / heavy – heavier Kastamonu is a large city but Konya is larger. Mr Wilson is an old man but his wife is older. My bag is heavy but John’s bag is heavier. Which one is slower – a tortoise or a snail? Which planet is bigger – Jupiter or Neptun? 2. more + adjective careful – more careful / hardworking – more hardworking / expensive – more expensive / famous – more famous Jane is a hardworking student but Sarah is more hardworking. Ankara is a crowded city but Ýstanbul is more crowded. “Playing volleyball is enjoyable. “No, playing basketball is more enjoyable.” Pearls are expensive but diamonds are more expensive. 3. Irregular adjectives good / well – better bad – worse far – farther (further) little – less much/many – more “Your marks are good.” “But Bob’s marks are better.” “Tim is a bad player.” “Oh, Jim is a worse player.” “The train station is far from here.” “The airport is farther.” “We’ve got little money.” “We’ve got less money than you have.” “I don’t have much time.” “I have more time than I need.” “I haven’t got many friends.” “I’ve got more friends here than I have in London.” 4. than (bigger than... / more intelligent than...) The Earth is bigger than Mars. People are more intelligent than monkeys. A motorbike is cheaper than a car. Tea is more popular than coffee in Turkey. March is colder than April. Travelling by plane is more expensive than travelling by train. Chocolate is sweeter than fruit. Jason is a better driver than Bill. My Italian is worse than yours. 5. than + objective pronoun (me / you / him / her / it / us / them) You are cleverer than me. They are better at basketball than us. I’m more beautiful than her. You are faster than him. Lesson 4 Not as ... as 1. not as + adjective + as I’m not as old as you. (You are older than me.) You car isn’t as fast as mine. (Mine is faster than your car.) Paul wasn’t as rich as his brother. (His brother was richer than him.) My English book isn’t as thick as my Turkish book. (My Turkish book is thicker.) The weather today isn’t as cold as it was yesterday. (Yesterday it was colder.) 2. as + objective pronoun (me / you / her / him / it / us / them) You aren’t as lazy as me. / You aren’t as lazy as I am. I’m not as clever as him. / I’m not as clever as he is. Sarah can’t run as fast as her. / Sarah can’t run as fast as she can. They didn’t work as hard as us. / They didn’t work as hard as we did. 3. not as much + noun as ... / not as many + noun as ... I haven’t got as much money as you. (You’ve got more money than me.) I don’t know as many people as you. (You know more people than I do.) I don’t watch TV as much as you. (You watch TV more than me.) 4. the same as (+ age / height / weight / colour / price) I’m the same age as Nora. (I’m 18 years old and Nora is 18 too.) David is the same height as Larry. (They are both 1.80 m.) Your shirt is the same colour as mine. Tomotaoes are the same price as potatoes. Lesson 5 The Superlative Form of Adjectives adjective + -est old – the oldest, young – the youngest, tall – the tallest, strong – the strongest big – the biggest, hot – the hottest, fat – the fattest easy – the easiest, lazy – the laziest, pretty – the prettiest the most + adjective interesting – the most interesting, important – the most important, famous – the most famous irregular adjectives good – the best, bad – the worst, far – the farthest / the furthest, little – the least, much/many – the most Examples (Superlatives in the world) The Nile is the longest river in the world. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. Cheetah is the fastest animal in the world. Bill Gates is the richest man in the world. Asia is the largest continent in the world. Monaco is the smallest country in the world. Football is the most popular sport in the world. China is the most populated country in the world. Aluminum is the most common metalic element in the world. Mona Lisa is the most famous painting in the world. Lesson 6: Adjectives and adverbs with eough and too Enough + noun (enough money / enough time / enough chairs) We don’t have enough rooms for all the tourists in the hotel. There will be a lot of people at the party. Make sure you’ve got got enough food and drinks. I wanted to buy a new dress but I didn’t have enough money. Jane wanted to make a cake but there wasn’t enough flour and milk. Enough without a noun I think I’ll fail the exam. Because I didn’t study enough. We’ve got some money but not enough. “Would you like some more mayonnaise in your sandwich?” “No, thanks. That’s enough.” Joe doesn’t write to his parents enough. adjective + enough Our team can’t win the match. They aren’t good enough. You can’t travel alone. You aren’t old enough. I can’t lift the table by myself. I’m not strong enough. I’m sure Luis can pass the exam. She is clever enough. Enough for somebody/something There isn’t enough food for everyone. This house isn’t big enough for us. Enough to do something I haven’t got enough time to finish the work today. Michael has enough money to buy a new car. They weren’t quick enough to catch the bus. He isn’t good enough to win the race. Enough for somebody/something to do something The car isn’t big enough for everyone to get in. There aren’t enough rooms for all the tourists to spend the night. Too + adjective The boy can’t reach the shelf. He is too short. (The boy is too short to reach the shelf.) The girl can’t work. She is too tired. (The girl is too tired to work.) I can’t play in the game. I’m too ill. (I’m too ill to play in the game.) I can’t drink this soup. It’s too salty. (The soup is too salty for me to drink.) We can’t carry the boxes. They are too heavy. (The boxes are too heavy for us to carry.) The student can’t solve the problem. It is too difficult. (The problem is too difficult for the student to solve.) Too + adverb Tom always looks tired because he works too hard. You watch TV too much. ýt’s not good for you. We can’t arrive there on time. You drive too slowly. Too much / too many + noun Let’s go out. There is too much noise in this room. Shall I open the window? There’s too much cigarette smoke in here. Let’s go another restaurant. There are too many people here. Let’s find another car park. There are too many cars here. |