· First bloom in Sabah, Malaysia (Balambangan Island) in 1976
· Covered from Sabah to Brunei
· Started in Jan-Feb, peak in Mar-Apr, ended in May
· Most affected area
o Kota Marudu
o Kota Belud
o Sepangar Island
o Kota Kinabalu
o Kuala Penyu
o Binsuluk
o Sipitang
· Research by Usup et al. at Kimanis Bay to Usukan Bay
o 2 out break per year, coincide with the onset of monsoon
§ Jun-Jul
§ Dec-Jan
· Study at Kuala Penyu found Pyrodinium cell present throughout the whole year
o 2 bloom per year
§ May-June
§ Sep-Oct
· Bloom when sunny weather, good light, and calm sea
Reference:
Azanza and Taylor, 2001. Are Pyrodinium blooms in the Southeast Asian region recurring and spreading? A view at the end of the millennium. Ambio, vol. 30 No. 6, Sept. 2001.
SeaWiFS Observation of Chlorophyll Distribution in Regional Sea, by Shen et al. 2001.
http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~acrs2001/pdf/224shen.pdf
Red tide monitoring in Malaysia: Using SPOT 5 data in detecting bloom Eve by Nordin and Anton, 2003. Workshop on Red Tide Monitoring in Asian Coastal Waters, March 10-12, 2003.Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Status of HAB and potential remote sensing application in detection of HAB events in Malaysia water by P. T. Lim, C. P. Leaw, G. Usup, 2003. Workshop on Red Tide Monitoring in Asian Coastal Waters, March 10-12, 2003.Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.