2 Stages
1. ________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________ or 2._______________________________________
(the presence of _______________ determines which #2 it will do)
The ____________________is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 Celsius degree.
Cell respiration occurs in all cells. It involves breaking the chemical bonds of organic food molecules & releasing that energy to be used by the cells. This energy comes from ________________________.
Equation for cell respiration:
Metabolic processes that require oxygen are termed ______________ & those that do not require oxygen are termed _____________________. The primary source of energy for the cells is __________________.
STEP 1: _____________________________ - glucose is broken in half to form 2 three-carbon molecules of _____________________________ - this step takes place in the __________________ of the cell
-- this step produces 4 ATP’s, but it took 2 ATP’s to get it started, so there is a net gain of ____ ATP’s ;
4 Hydrogen’s are also released – these go with the H acceptor known as __________
The presence or absence of oxygen determines what the next step in cell respiration will be.
IF THERE IS NO OXYGEN PRESENT, CELLS GO THROUGH ___________________________.
Pyruvic acid is broken down into ___________________________ (fungi & plants – CO2 is a byproduct – this is known as ______________ fermentation) or _________________________________ (animals – this is what makes you sore after an intense workout).
IF OXYGEN IS PRESENT, CELLS GO THROUGH ____________________________________.
STEP 1: ________________________ - breaks down pyruvic acid to CO2, H, & a 2-Carbon acetyl group. CO2 is a waste product, H combines with its Hydrogen acceptor which is _____ or _______, & the acetyl group combines with coenzyme A (niacin) & forms _____________(this is carried into the next step).
STEP 2: ________________________ -In this step, pyruvic acid is broken down into _____________________________. This leaves your body every time you exhale. Steps: Acetyl CoA transfers its acetyl group to a 4-carbon molecule to form a 6-carbon molecule called _____________________. Citric acid then enters a series of reactions called the Krebs Cycle (aka Citric Acid Cycle). This occurs in the ______________________. One turn of the cycle produces _______ molecules of CO2 as wastes, H combines with its acceptors, & ADP is converted into ________. The _____________________________ transfers energy from the hydrogens produced & makes ________.
Cell Respiration Tally Sheet:
Glycolysis ------ 2 ATP’s --> ___ ATP’s
2 NADH’s --> ___ ATP’s ****
Acetyl CoA --- 2 NADH’s --> ___ ATP’s
Kreb’s Cycle --- 2 ATP’s --> ___ ATP’s
2 NADH’s --> ___ ATP’s
2 NADH’s --> ___ ATP’s
2 FADH’s --> ___ ATP’s
2 NADH’s --> ___ ATP’s
TOTAL = ________ ATP’s
1 NADH = 3 ATP’s – ****except in glycolysis when it only generates 2 ATP”s
1 FADH = 2 ATP’s
Compare/Contrast Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration:
Function:
Location:
Reactants:
Products:
Equation: