________________ - are the building blocks of matter They are made of ___________ (positive charge), ______________ (negative charge), & ______________ (no charge). Because the number of protons equals the number of electrons, atoms have a _________ charge. The ___________ & ______________ make up the nucleus of an atom.
________________ - are pure substances that are made of only 1 type of atom.
________________ - are the smallest particles that can have a stable, independent existence they are typically joined by covalent bonds.
________________ - are groups of atoms held together in definite proportions by chemical bonds
________________ - are atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain they still have the same number of protons.
Chemical Bonds. All atoms strive for a __________ _________.
1) _______________ - when atoms share electrons these are very strong; Example = ___________
2) ______________ - molecules have opposite charges & transfer electrons these dissociate in water ; Example = ________________________________
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES:
3) ______________ - weak bonds cant form with long distances these link molecules rather than atoms; Example = ___________________________________
4)_________________ - slight attraction that develops between the oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules - holds molecules together
______________ compounds are made by living things & contain the element __________.
______________ compounds are not made by living things.
The elements that are crucial for life are C HOPKINS Ca Fe.
The elements that are considered macromolecules are ___________________________.
_______ is the most important inorganic compound for living things. Most cellular activities take place in its presence. Water is a _____________ molecule (positive charges balance the negative charges). Water is a ___________ molecule because there is an uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen & hydrogen atoms. Drawing:
Characteristics:
1. __________________________ (this means it can absorb & release great amounts of heat before changing its temperature)
2. __________________________ (this means it clings to itself this creates surface tension)
3. __________________________ (this means it clings to other molecules this creates capillary action)
4. __________________________ (when the covalent bonds break, a hydrogen ion and a hydroxide ion are produced)
5. __________________________(this is because it is a polar molecule)
A _______________ is a material composed of 2 or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined. The 2 parts of a solution are the __________ (the substance being dissolved) & the _______________ (the substance in which it is dissolved).
ACIDS & BASES
_______ - any compound that forms hydrogen ions when dissolved in water - _______ donors, _______________ acceptors, increase {H+}, turns litmus paper ________,found _________________ on the pH scale; Example =
_______ - any compound that forms hydroxide ions when dissolved in water turns litmus paper ____________, found ___________________ on the pH scale; Example =
The pH scales range is from _________________. Neutral is ____________. The pH scale is a _______________ scale meaning ___________________________________________________________________.