HEREDITY 1.  The passing of _____________ from parents to offspring is called ____________.  The study of this      is called _____________.  The rod-shaped structures within the _________ which transmit traits are called      ________________.  2.  The Austrian monk __________________  worked with  ____________________ while discovering the basic principles of heredity.  This scientist chose this organism because ______________________________,      ___________________________________, and   _____________________________________.  _________ studied his results using ________.  He was looking for   __________________ to form a basic set of rules about   ____________________________________. 3.  Mendel crossed ______ pure-breeding plants in his first cross and called this the _____ generation.  Mendel used a method called ____________________ in which he took the _________from one plant & ____________ on the ___________ of another plant.   The results of this cross make up the _____________       ___________________ also known as ________. 4.  Mendel’s cross of _________ purple-flowered plants with ________  white-flowered plants resulted in an ______ generation with  all _______________________ plants.  When Mendel allowed these       _________ to self-pollinate, he found that purple and white flowers were produced in a ratio of _________.  This led to the Principle of  ______________ which says that one gene in a ________ may prevent       the other from being ________________. A ___________ gene masks the _______________ gene.  When two genes in a pair are identical, they are said to be _________________.  If the two genes possess       the genes for each ___________, they are said to be ____________. 5.  The Principle of _____________________ states that members of each  _________ of genes ________________ when __________ are formed. 6.  The Principle of _______________ _______________ states that 2 or more pairs of _______ segregate ________________ of one another during the formation of _________________.  This basically says that      genes for two ___________ traits have no control over each other. 7.  Either member of a pair of genes is termed an ________________.  The  combination of _______________ for a given trait is referred to as the   ___________________.  These are the _________ of alleles in cells.        The __________________ is a __________ that’s expressed in  ____________________.  This is usually determined by __________ or ______________________. 8.  ___________________ refers to the likelihood of an event taking place.      This can be found by dividing the ____________________________ by the _______________________________________________.  The ___________________________ states that the probability of _______ independent events ___________________ is the product of each ________       occurring alone. 9.  A grid that shows all _______ gene _________________ is termed a   _____________________.  When constructing these, __________ go along the top of the grid, while _________ go along the side of the grid. 10.  A _______________ cross involves only one trait while a _________________ cross involves 2 traits.  11.  With _______________________ dominance ______ alleles for a trait are expressed.  Neither allele is completely _______________ or completely  ________________________.  In ________________________, two  _________________________ alleles are expressed at the same time.      ____________ alleles are traits with genes with more than ________ alleles. A very common example of this is __________________________. MENDEL’S THEORY OF HEREDITY 1.  Parents don’t transmit ___________ directly to their ______________.  Instead     pass on _____________ that operate in the ___________ to produce the ________. 2.  For each _________, there are _______ genes.  One is received from the ________      while the other is received from the ______________. 3.  Alternate ________ of a gene are termed _____.  These make up the ___________.      These determine the ______________ which is the physical ________________. 4.  Only _______ allele from each parent can be passed on to _________________.      The two alleles for each trait are not ____________ by each other.  When gametes       __________, the paired __________ segregate. 5.  The presence of an __________ doesn’t guarantee it will be ____________.  In      ______________ genotypes only the ____________ allele is expressed.  The      ___________________ allele is present but not expressed. LINKAGE & GENE MAPS When genes segregate on the same chromosome, they are said to be _____________.  Chromosomes assort independently, not individual genes.  By following these linkages, scientists can construct _________ ________ to follow the segregation of a specific gene.  These maps can be used to discover the location of a gene on a chromosome.