The nervous system is made up of the ___________ nervous system & the _______________ nervous system. The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the ______________. Dendrites carry impulses from receptors toward the cell bodies. _____________ carry impulses from a cell body to effectors or other neurons. An _____________ is an electrochemical message transmitted by changes in the neuron membrane. ____________________________________ generate new impulses in adjoining neurons or stimulate effectors to act.
The ______________ consists of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, & the brain stem. Different body functions are controlled by different areas of the brain. Reflexes, for example, are controlled by the _________________________.
The somatic nervous system controls ____________________ movement. The __________________ nervous system includes the sympathetic & parasympathetic systems. The __________________________ system prepares the body to meet stress; the ____________________________ system relaxes the body.
HORMONAL CONTROL
Hormones secreted by endocrine glands control body functions such as metabolism, water & mineral balance, glucose balance & storage, muscle contraction, impulse transmission, & reproduction. The major endocrine glands are the __________________, _______________, ___________________, _________________________, ___________, _____________________, & ___________________________.
Hormones act upon specific tissues & organs, or targets. _____________ hormones affect other endocrine glands, causing them to secrete hormones.
The endocrine system controls self itself through _______________ feedback. In this process, the blood level of a hormone causes a gland to either stop or start secretion of that hormone.
Hormones are either ________________ or _________________ hormones. Steroids affect cells by passing through the cell membrane & moving to the nucleus. In the nucleus the steroid influences _____________ production. Protein hormones attach to receptors on the cell membrane, where they activate an enzyme that helps convert ATP to cyclic AMP. Cyclic AMP then stimulates enzymes that bring about the changes initiated by the original hormone.
REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT
Male gonads, called ________, produce __________. Sperm are the ______________ male gametes. Female gonads, called ______________, usually produce a single, mature, haploid _________ each month. These eggs are the female gametes.
The maturing & releasing of an egg follows a pattern called the _____________________. _________________________ control the cycle, which begins with the maturing of an egg & its follicle. Following ___________________ the follicle forms the corpus luteum. This body secretes hormones that prepare the uterus to ______________________________.
__________________ begins a __________________ gestation period. The __________ divides to form a blastocyst. The blastocyst implants itself in the __________ of the uterus. Part of the blastocyst becomes the _____________. A pregnancy is divided into _______________________, during which unorganized cells first become organized & then develop into distinct tissues & organs.