CELLS & ENERGY Some organisms are capable of using light energy to make their own food such as ____________.  They are called ______________________.  Others must get energy from the food they consume & are known as _____________________. Cells must have energy in order to work.  Chemical energy is stored in the form of chemical bonds in food.  In order for energy to be used, it must first be transferred to a molecule capable of providing energy where it’s needed.  This energy is usually supplied by ___________.  This molecule consists of a ____________ (adenine), a _____________ (ribose), & a chain of 3 phosphates.  The bond that joins the 2nd & 3rd phosphates in ATP is easily broken.  When there are only 2 phosphates present, it is known as __________.   When ATP is converted into ___________ & a _______________________ its stored energy is released.   Photosynthesis & cell respiration form a cycle.  The carbon atoms needed to make all of the organic molecules of living things come from a nonliving part of the environment (the CO2 in air).  The hydrogen atoms needed to make carbohydrates comes from water.  In photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert __________________ & ____________________ into __________________ & _______________________________.  PHOTOSYNTHESIS 3 Stages: 1.  _________________________________________________________________ 2.  _________________________________________________________________ 3.  _________________________________________________________________ Equation for photosynthesis: Photosynthesis occurs primarily within the ____________ of plants.  Cells inside leaves contain organelles called _________________, which house _____________________ (a green pigment).  The interior of a chloroplast is filled with flattened membrane-bound sacs called ____________________ that are stacked like coins in columns called _____________.  The fluid inside of the chloroplast is called the __________. ___________________ provides the energy for photosynthesis.  Plants utilize components of the ______________ portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.  Tiny packets of light energy are called _____________.  Plants absorb the greatest amount of energy from ______________, ____________, & ______________ light.  Plants reflect the ______________ portion of the spectrum.  ______________ are molecules that absorb light.  _____________________ is the primary light-absorbing agent for photosynthesis.  The 2 types of chlorophyll that plants contain are ________________ & __________________________.  Plants also have ____________________ (yellow pigments ) & _________________________ (orange pigments).  These 2 are prevalent in autumn. The pigments used in photosynthesis are arranged in molecule clusters called ____________________.  These are embedded in the thylakoid membranes.  Most photosynthetic organisms contain 2 photosystems: __________________________ (absorbs light at 700 nm) & _________________________ (absorbs light at 680 nm).  Photosynthesis consists of 2 Phases: 1.  _________________________- uses light energy      Steps:      1.  chlorophyll a in the grana absorbs ________________      2.  energy from the photons boosts ____________ from the chlorophyll to higher energy levels &            NADP is reduced to ______________      3.  electrons move from 1 molecule to another in a series of reactions called the _______________            ___________________________ (like a baton passed in a race)      4.  energy released from the electron transport chain is used to form ATP from ______      5.  electrons lost from the chlorophyll are replaced with electrons from ____________ (from hydrolysis) 2.  ___________________________ - light-independent reaction (aka Dark Reaction) – the primary purpose of this step is _________________________ (trapping CO2 to build organic molecules) – begins & ends with a 5-Carbon sugar (RBP)      STEPS      1.  CO2 combines with RBP in a series of reactions (uses ATP from light reaction & forms ______)      2.  PGA reacts with H from the light reaction to form ___________      3.  some of the PGAL combines to form _____________ while some makes more RBP Factors That Affect Photosynthesis 1.  2. 3.