____________________ is the science of grouping organisms on the basis of their similarities. It was first proposed by _________________ in 350 BC. He only had 2 groups 1) ______________ & 2) _________.
In the 1750s __________________________ developed a new classification system that revolutionized taxonomy. He developed a 2-word Latin name for each species. This is called _______________
_________________________. The ____________ is the 1st word (1st letter is capitalized) & the ____________ is the 2nd word (1st letter is lower case) – underline the entire thing. Example:
The scientific name is universal & is written in ___________________. This name is used when dealing with scientists throughout the world because it is universally understood. The __________ ___________ is what the layperson would call the organism.
There are ____ levels of classification (taxa):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
As one proceeds from kingdom to species, there is an increase in similarities between organisms. Kingdoms hold the greatest numbers of individuals – as you move down, you decrease in number. Each of the foregoing divisions represents a smaller more closely related or similar group of animals than the division just above it.
Biologists study chromosome structure, reproductive potential, biochemical similarities, & embryology to determine relationships between organisms. Classification systems are constantly modified as more is learned about organisms.
A ________ is a group of individuals agreeing in form, habit, & offspring. Ernst Mayr defined a species as a group of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups. Species typically produce fertile offspring.
There are 6 kingdoms:
1. Archaebacteria -
2. Eubacteria –
3. Protista –
4. Fungi –
5. Plantae –
6. Animalia –
________________________ is the evolutionary history of a species
________________________ - relationships are inferred based on similarities derived from a common ancestor
Cladograms – show the evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms
______________ - is the distantly related organisms (has the fewest traits in common with the others)
______________ - the organisms being evaluated