Introduction:   "Deutschlanders und Schweizerlanders - Willkommen!"
 
 You all know that many of your ancestors came from Germany and or
Switzerland - but do you know WHERE they came from exactly, and WHY, and HOW?
We have been able to trace many of our MOCK and MACK families back to the
early 1700s here in America - but records of their immigration are scarce, or lacking
in detail, at the best.  Often we only have "family traditions" to rely on - or a name on
a ship list in Philadelphia, which we can hopefully match up with the proper settler.
Sometimes we find a church record or death record which tells the place of European
origen - sometimes even the town of birth.  We must piece together every clue to
discover just where in Germany or Switzerland our MOCK and MACK ancestors came
from.  Once we have collected all of the available records from this country, we must
go to the German and Swiss records.  Fortunately, several books of these records have
been compiled - some of them in English.  And the LDS Church has copied and compiled
many church records, pedigree charts, and government records from Europe.
 I have used approximately 20 distinct immigrant families for which we do have
some records of origen to develop a general profile of where our people came from.
First, it is helpful to define the political and geographical territory which existed in the
Germany and Switzerland of the 1700s.  It is good to use maps, both general and detailed,
to aid in understanding the homelands of our ancestors.

 I.A. Palatinate  (Faust)
 The geographical borders of the Palatinate in the 1700s exceeded the present
limits of the Rhenish Palatinate, which is today a part of Bavaria.  It extended from
the Neckar Valley, downstream on both sides of the Rhine River as far as Oppenheim
and Bacharach, and from the Bergstrasse (the old Roman road running along the
Odenwald from Darmstadt to Heidelberg) on the east, to the Hardt Mountains on the
west.  Mannheim, Heidelberg,  Worms, and Alzei were within its borders.  Its area was
about 340 German square miles, a little less than the area of the present state of
Massachusetts.  The population of the Palatinate in the 1700s, at its height, was
approximately 500,000.
 

I.B. Kraichgau  (Annette Burgert)
 The feudal system existed in the Kraichgau and Palatinate under Frankish rule.
At the top was the Holy Roman Emperor, with serfs at the bottom. Actual power lay
with the owners of the many territories within the Empire, one of which was the
Catholic Church.  Another major landowner in the Kraichgau was the "Elector of the
Palatinate" - one of the seven persons who selected the Emperor.  But many of the
villages were owned by the noble families - "Knights of the Ritterkanton", they were called.
 The Reformation came by way of religious preferences of these various village
owners.  As early as 1555 a significant principle of Church and Government was
established.  Whoever had political sovereignty over an area determined its religious faith.
However, there were only two, at first, and then three legally recognized confessions:
Roman Catholic, Lutheran, and lastly Reformed.  In general, those villages owned by the Bishopric
of Speyer remained Catholic.  The villages belonging to the petty nobility became Lutheran,
as were those belonging to Weurttemberg.  The Palatinate - that is, those territories
owned by the Elector - adopted various affiliations - Lutheran in 1556 and Reformed in
1563.  During the 30 Years War (1618 to 1648) much territory was forced to return to
Catholicism - and this was only partly reversed by the settlement at the end of the War.  Lutherans
retained their rights to the knightly towns, and even when Lutherans were a minority
in some villages, they were permitted to conduct worship if they so requested.  But many
Reformed worshippers were no longer allowed to practice their faith.  When the Palatinate
Royal family of Pfalz-Simmern died out in 1685, their Catholic successors, the Pfalz-
Neuberg line, declared the entire Palatinate would henceforth have only one church
building in a village, to be used by both Catholic and Reformed congregations.  In 240
places Catholic worship was inaugarated and 100 Reformed pastors were removed from
theie parishes.  This policy lasted until 1707, when the "Palatine Church Division" was put into effect. Under
its terms, 5/7 of the parishes became Reformed, 2/7 Catholic, and none Lutheran.
Gradually in the 1700s, Lutherans were able to establish modest congregations again in
some towns.  Even then the Reformed clergy could collect fees for pastoral acts that
Lutheran pastors actually performed, and record them in their own records, although the
1707 agreement had allowed each group to keep its own record.  This fact accounts for the
existence of 2 congregations in some towns, and for the appearance of Lutheran pastoral
records in the Reformed Church books.  In the Nineteenth Century the Lutheran and
Reformed churches in the state of Baden united as one - the Evangelical Church.
 One event not quite a century before the great emigration played as important a
role in the population history of the Kraichgau as the emigration itself did.  That was the
series of battles between 1618 and 1648 which are known as the Thirty Years War.  This
was the end of the Military attempt to settle the religious division the Reformation had
caused. It was also a devastating demolition of may towns and caused the death of many
people.  Only six church records from before 1650 survive among the villages studied in
Burgert's first volume. Eschelbronn was totally depopulated by 1648 and only nine persons remained in
Zuzenhausen.  In Ittlingen, only the stump of the church tower remained.
 This gap in population was surprisingly filled in a rapid manor, by immigrants from
other areas of Germany, but especially from over-populated Switzerland.  The coming of
the refugees after the Thirty Years War, many of them Swiss, was the last major movement of
new peoples into the Kraichgau until after World War II.
 The Duchy of Zweibrucken also became part of the Palatinate in 1685, when it fell
heir to the Electoral Palatinate.  THe Zweibrucken- Neuberg line of Dukes were Catholic,
and adopted oppressive measures against their Protestant subjects.
 
 

II. Who Immigrated from Germany and Switzerland?
    The most studied of our ancestors who came to America is the family of
 1. Alexander MACK  -founder of the Church of the Brethren, or Dunkars.
   Schrieschiem (Mannheim-Heidelberg)
   1729 Sep 15 Ship Allen

  This family has been traced as far back as 1540, to Ebert MACK, a miller
  who became mayor of Schreisheim in 1597.  The family became well established
  in Schreisheim - successfull and relatively wealthy.  They developed skills such
     as mill building and operating, wine-making, farming, and cloth and stocking-weaving
              Alexander MACK was a fifth-generation descendant of Ebert.  He and his immediate
              family, it is thought, are the only ones who adopted Anabaptist teachings and went
              against local church authority to promulgate their religion.  As a result, Alexander
        and his family suffered persecution and loss of wealth and prestige in the community
     They fled to Holland, and ultimately sought religious freedom in Pennsylvania when
      they crossed the ocean with a shipload of fellow Brethren.  Others of their
              persuasion had preceded them to America.  Many MACK families remained in
              Schreisheim, and the church records are filled with their descendants.  It is not
      known if any of them also immigrated to the Colonies.

      The next immigrant family we have evidence of is
 2.Tobias MAUCH
  Schwaigern (Heilbronn)
   1749            Ship Fane

      I wrote about this group in the May 1992 issue of MFH.
      Tobias was the son of Hans Jerg Mauch, a shoemaker at Warmbron, Leonberger
      Amts (Amts means "district", similar to our county.)  He married Maria Barbara
      Hoell or Hill, previously married to a Busch, in 1745.  They settled in Berks Co.
      and Montgomery Co. PA.

 3.Michael MAAG immigrated with his new wife and her half-brother Johannes Seitz
      and his new wife, from  Ittlingen (Adelshofen) in 1764  aboard Ship Richmond
  [Caral Mechling Bennet's ancestor - see Summer 1995 M.F.H.]

 4.John MOTZ and wife Appolonia from
  Bonfeld (Heilbronn)
   1717  Germanna Colony
 

 5.Johannes MACK
  Neckartenzlinger (Wuertenberg)
   1766  Gerber List   - possibly identified in Pennsylvania, but no proof.
 

 6.John Martin MACK - Moravian missionary
  Leysingen (Wuertenberg)   [I cannot locate this town.]
   1735 to Georgia
 

 7.Wolfgang, Bartholomew, Thomas MACK family
  Langenau by Ulm (Schwabia)
   1751 Oct 23 Ship Antelope to Savannah, Georgia
 

 8.MACK children, with mother, nee DOLL    [Click to access Lapp's article Summer 1995 MFH]
  Oberalben (Baumholder)
   1738            Ship Glasgow
 
  A 1609 Census of the Parish of Ulmet, which includes Oberalben, contains
  at least four MACK families.  In 1682 Hans Conrad MACK appears in the church
  records as a sponsor of a HEYD child.  Jacob MACK married Anna Margaretha
  DOLL in 1701 and they had at least 8 children before he died in 1723 at age 50.
  His widow and most, if not all, of her children - along with many of her other
  relatives, came to America together.  Others of her family also moved to
  Americain 1739 aboard the Ship Samuel.

 8A.Sara Catharina MACK married in 1738 to Abraham FAUST and moved with him to
   America on the Samuel in 1739.  She is listed as the daughter of the late Jacob
  MACK of Oberalben, but I am not positive she is a child of Margaretha Doll.
 

 9.Henry, born 1722 and Conrad MAAG, born 1731  (probably sons of Jacob MAAG)
  Zurich, SWITZERLAND
   1743 Sep 2 Royal Judith

  Conrad married Anna Elisabeth Dauenhauer,and Henry's first wife was Verena.

 10.Henry MOCK b. 1760 in Rhein Pfalz, had son Jacob Mock b. 1801 who married
  Magdalena Fischer at
  Hochspier (Rhein Pfalz)
   They came to America in the 1850s.  [Ken Scheyder query-Spring 95 MFH
 

 11.Leonard MAUCH    [Spring 1995 MFH]  and family came from
  Dunningen (Wuertenberg) in the 1840's, and settled in S.E. Indiana.
   They were Catholics.  They descend from Christian Mauch
   who married  at Dunningen in 1760 to Catherine Benzen.

 12.Agnes MOCK (dau. of Jerg MECKH) married Eberhard Ludwig Vollmer 1729  at
    Undingen (Unterhausen)
   They moved to South Carolina, beginning the journey from
  Europe on April 14, 1752 and reaching Charlestown in October.
 

 13.Thomas H. MAUK    (Winter 1995 MFH)
  Stuttgart at Lauffen on Neckar River
   1852 to New York
                                                              [CLICK HERE to access Lauffen Chart]
  This family is part of the widely circulated "Lauffen Chart" from Germany,
  which begins with Peter MAUKH in about 1525.  This chart is quite confusing
  but a history written by a descendant, George T. Mauk, (which paper I received
   from Ron Moore) clears it up somewhat.  A Johannes MAUK was
  born at  Lauffen.   A son, Gottlieb Friedrich Mauck, cabinetmaker at Lauffen, married
  30 April 1826 to Gottlieben Mezler.  Their son Thomas H. was born 22 Dec.
  1833.  Thomas Mauk moved to America with his brother Jacob in 1852.
  Both Thomas and Jacob appear in the Wuerttemberg Emigration Index.
  Jacob Friedrich Mauck is listed with a 12 Aug 1836 birthdate.  He and his brother
  applied for Emigration in May 1853.  A month earlier, a Wilhelm Ludwig
  Mauck also applied for Emigration from the same place; his relationship is not
  known.
 
 14.Anna Barbara MAG married in 1749 to Friedrich Branstetter
  She is the daughter of Peter MAG of Krickenbach (Thaleischweiler)
     1764 Ship Sarah  [Burgert's book.]
 

 15.Anna Maria MOOCK married Johann Heinrich Horner in 1729 at
  Dierbach (Landau)  [Margaret Stroud's ancestors]
  She's dau. of Valentine MOOCK/MOCK/MOGH.
   1750 Sep 29  Ship Osgood

 16.Barbara MACK b.1739, at Heppenheim, to Valentin MACK and Anna Maria.
   marr. 1:George Weber, 2:Anthon Stock
   Died 1780 Frederick MD
   [possibly the same Valentine MAUK who owned prop. in Fred.Co.MD
    as early as 1781.]

 17.John MAUGHT, weaver from
  Hesse Darmstadt, was
   "British" Soldier, Rev. War, captured, then settled in Fredricktown, MD
   [Family name spelled MOCHT in 1820 Census]

 18.Johannes MOOG b.1706 at
  Niederhofen (Mentzisheim), son of Felix MOOG.
  Johannes married 1732 to Rosina Bricker.
   Emigrated 1750, according to Gerber List
 

 19.John Jacob MACK, b.1792 at Neckartenzlinger, Weurttenberg - married
  Margaret Kurtz
   Came to America in May 1853, settled in Mt.Cobb, PA
  [His grandsons started the MACK TRUCK manufacturing company.
   Daniel Reinhold is a descendant - just contacted me via internet.]
                                [CLICK HERE to access "MACK TRUCK" article]
=========================================================================
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2
German Origens of MACK/MOCK Immigrants - Sources for Oct.15, 1995 Presentation
                                                          by Steve Lapp

Mock Family Historian - 4 Volumes 1991-1995
___________________________
Eighteenth Century Emigrants: Volume I - The Northern Kraichgau
 by Annette Kunselman Burgert, 1983 Pennsylvania German Society
__________________
Eighteenth Century Emigrants: Volume II - The Western Palatinate
         by Annette Kunselman Burgert, 1985 Pennsylvania German Society
__________________
German Element in the United States: Volume I
  by Albert Bernhardt Faust, 1909 Houghton Mifflin Company
__________________
Pennsylvania German Immigrants 1709 - 1786
          edited by Don Yoder, reprinted 1980 Genealogical Publishing Company
  originally appeared in Yearbooks of the Penn. German Folklore Society
   1936, 1945, 1947, 1951.
__________________
Swiss and German Pioneers of Southeastern Pennsylvania
  by H. Frank Eshleman,  reprinted 1969 Genealogical Publishing Company
     orig.   1917 in Lancaster, PA
______________________________________________________________

"Wuerttemberg Emigration Index - Volumes One and Two"
        by Trudy Schenk, Ruth Froelke, and Inge Bork - 1986 Ancestry Inc.
     Salt Lake City, Utah

This is an index of Applications to Emigrate, filed with the Wuerttemberg
Government between the years (approximately) of 1817 thru 1892.  The
index is approximately 10 Volumes; only the first two volumes were used
for this MOCK/MACK research.

MACK Surnames -  18 of these are from the Oberamt (District)
    of Nuertingen (the "County Seat" of said District), including that town,
 and the towns of Groetzingen, Neckartenzlingen, Beuren, Altenriet, and
 Schlaitdorf.  2 are from Oberamt Backnang.  2 are from Schorndorf.
          1 is from Besigheim, and 1 is from Horb.

MAUCH Surnames - 6 listed from Oberamt Rottwell, all from the town of
 Dunningen, except two from Neukirch.

MOCK Surnames - 2 listed from Guendringen in Oberamt Horb.
MOECK   "          - 4 from Simmozheim in Calw, 2 from Rottenberg,
           and 1 from Schwaigern in Oberamt Brackenheim.
MAUCK   "          - 3 from Lauffen in Besigheim.
MAUK     "       - 1 from Lauffen and 1 from Besigheim.
MAUG     "       - 1 from Gerhausen in Blaubeuren.

This is a total of 45 individuals or families who probably completed emigration to
North America in the 1800s, from Wuerttenberg.

It is interesting to note that the following immigrants appear in the
Pennsylvania WEST 1870 Census Index:  A Conrad and Jacob MACK, 23 and 24,
born in Prussia, and settled in Allegheny County, along with Jacob MACK age 51,
from Prussia, and Margaret MACK, born in Weurttenberg, age 45.
 A Fred MACK, from Prussia, age 20, settled in Warren CO. PA.
Also in Warren Co. were Phillip and Jacob MACK, 36 and 45, from France.
Also from France was Michael MACK, age 71, also in Warren Co.

A John C. MACK from Weurttenberg, age 32, settled in Erie Co.
MAUCHs settled in Allegheny Co., Henry, 52, from Switzerland; John, 30, from Bavaria,
and Michael, 26, from Prussia.  John MAUCH, age 35 from Weurttenberg, settled in Erie Co.

Benedict MAUCK, age 45, came from Weurttenberg to Allegheny Co.
John MAUG, 55, moved from Wuerttenberg to Cambria Co.
And lastly, Frederick MOCH, 31, left Prussia for Allegheny Co.
 

CONCLUSION           I just want to say,  in conclusion, that these ancestors of ours
were many things - but the one word I want to leave you with
is SURVIVORS!  These men, women, and children were SURVIVORS.  First, they survived
the wars and poverty of the 1600s, where most of their relatives died.  Then, they
saved enough money and survived the trip down the Rhine to book passage to a new
life - and those that made it - those who did not die in crossing the Atlantic - those are
the people that we descend from today.  Perhaps they were the strongest  -  or maybe
just the luckiest  -  but no doubt they struggled greatly to come here, and worked tirelessly
to build something good for themselves and their children in this new country, so far away
from their beloved German and Swiss homelands.    Yes -  they were SURVIVORS  -
and thus we,  also,  are  THEIR  Survivors.
       I thank you!
 
CLICK HERE to access Steve Lapp's home page and links to other articles.