CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

Congestive heart failure (or heart failure) is a condition in which the heart can't pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body's other organs. This can result from

The "failing" heart keeps working but doesn't work as efficiently as it should. People with heart failure can't exert themselves because they become short of breath and tired.

As blood flow out of the heart slows, blood returning to the heart through the veins backs up, causing congestion in the tissues. Often swelling (edema) results, most commonly in the legs and ankles, but possibly in other parts of the body as well. Sometimes fluid collects in the lungs and interferes with breathing, causing shortness of breath, especially when a person is lying down.

Heart failure also affects the ability of the kidneys to dispose of sodium and water. The retained water increases the edema.

How do you diagnose and treat congestive heart failure?

Your doctor is the best person to diagnose and treat congestive heart failure. The most common signs of congestive heart failure are swollen legs or ankles or difficulty breathing. Another symptom is weight gain because of the build-up of fluid.

Congestive heart failure usually requires a treatment program of

The various drugs used to treat congestive heart failure perform different functions. ACE inhibitors and vasodilators expand blood vessels and decrease resistance, allowing blood to flow more easily and making the heart's work easier or more efficient. Beta blockers can improve the function of the left ventricle . Digitalis increases the pumping action of the heart, while diuretics help the body eliminate excess salt and water.

When a specific cause of congestive heart failure is discovered, it should be treated or, if possible, corrected. For example, in some cases congestive heart failure can be treated by treating high blood pressure. Some are treated with surgery to replace abnormal heart valves.

Still, when the heart becomes so damaged that it can't be repaired, a more drastic approach - such as a heart transplant - should be considered.

Most cases of mild and moderate congestive heart failure are treatable. With proper medical supervision, such people with heart failure don't have to become invalids.  

For more information please visit the Living with Heart Failure website.


Related AHA publication(s):

See also in this Guide:

AHA Scientific Statement: