When her terms ended, Amidala was constitutiutionally obligated to step down as Queen, though the public would have easily backed an amendment allowing her to serve longer. Though she had every right to retire and concentrate on her personal life, Amidala continued to be passionate about public service. At the request of the new Naboo monarch, Queen Jamilla, Amidala served as Senator of Naboo, taking the position once occupied by Palpatine. In a galaxy undergoing tumultuous changes, her outspoken nature shone as a beacon of reason and rationality in an increasingly fragmented Senate.
With the rise of a Separatist movement that threatened the stability of the Republic, Amidala was one of the few championing a peaceful resolution to the crisis. Alarmist Senators tried to create a military force to protect the Republic, but Amidala led the opposition against the Military Creation Act. She believed such a measure would inevitably lead to hostilities against the Separatists.
On the day of the Military Creation Act vote, Amidala's starship was attacked upon arriving at Coruscant. Seven people, including her decoy Cordé, died in the explosion. Though some suspected that disgruntled spice miners from the moons of Naboo were the culprits, Amidala believed that it was actually Count Dooku, leader of the Separatists, behind the attack. In truth, it was an old enemy, Nute Gunray, who was behind the bounty hunters hired to finally silence the young woman from Naboo, though that would go undiscovered for some time. Well, it was almost the truth, because behind all of that was partly hiding Palpatine who was highly wanting her dead.
When Anakin saw her for the second time in ten years, he became so fascinated by her that he insisted that his father give him the charge of protecting her with the Jedi Knight, Obi-Wan Kenobi. Palpatine thought Anakin was crazy, but finally accepted, tired to hear him almost crying because he wanted to be Padmé's bodyguard.
Anakin was to escort Padmé to Naboo, where she would be sequestered while the Jedi investigated the attacks against her. Yes, now, you understand what happened. Anakin wanted to, well, er... know her a little bit more because he was finding her 'sexy'. Of course, she didn't want to do anything with him. She had principles, she was a virtuous woman!...even if she was wearing tight fitting half transparent low-cut dresses. As she had for principles to never do something before marriage, Anakin asked her in marriage. She refused, telling him that he was a total idiot.
Shortly thereafter, Anakin and Padmé voyaged to Geonosis, to rescue Obi-Wan who had been captured by Separatist forces. Padmé hoped to use her diplomatic skills to parley with the Separatists, but she and Anakin were captured by the Geonosians. Placed on trial for espionage, Amidala and Anakin were sentenced for execution.
Faced with overwhelming evidence of her mortality, Padmé lowered her emotional guard and professed her love to Anakin. She asked him if his proposal of marriage was still holding. He said that it was, but that they were going to die, well, surely not him, but her, yes. As they were about to be lead in the arena alongside Obi-Wan, Anakin was freed by some Geonosians guards. He promised Padmé to save her and that they would get married. While Padmé was entering the arena, Anakin was brought before Dooku, who had learned that his master's son was there. Anakin then explained his new plan to Dooku because he didn't want to see Padmé die, now that she was his fiancée.
Anakin, supposedly kept as a prisonner near Dooku, watched carefully the arena, trying to protect Padmé during the executions. The Jedi could die, but not her. Everything was going just right, but the spectacle was cut short with the arrival of Jedi reinforcements, and then the opening battle of the historic Clone Wars. Anakin ran into the arena, taking back the blaster the Geonosians had took from him, and continued to play his role of the 'kind and caring' Supreme Chancellor's son while joining Padmé to help her. Despite her initial objections to a Republic army, Padmé nonetheless fought alongside the newly created clone troopers against the Separatist droid forces.
After the Battle of Geonosis, Anakin escorted Padmé to Coruscant and introduced his fiancée to his parents. What made Shmi happy, enraged his father (what you must admit, is not too difficult to do). After a long discussion with Anakin and after a lot of 'please!' and 'come on, dad!!!', Palpatine finally agreed to let him marry the Naboo Bitch, pleased by the fact that she had to resign to become Anakin's wife.
As Padmé was quitting her political carrier, she decided to let down the name of Amidala before she got married and become Padmé Naberrie Palpatine.