Chemical Bonding Note Skeleton
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  1. The number of Protons in the nucleus of an atom distinguishes the type of Element.
  2. The Atomic Mass is the mass of the atom.
  3. Atomic mass = mass of an atom's Protons + mass of an atom's Neutrons.
  4. Electrons are ignored in determining atomic mass because they are so light when compared to the mass of Neutrons and Protons.
  5. Energy Level - the positions in which Electrons orbit the nucleus.
  6. Complete the chart:
    7. Energy Level
    1st
    2nd
    3rd
    4th
    Electron Capacity
    2
    8
    18
    32
  7. Energy levels fill up with Electrons starting at the innermost energy level and move outward.
  8. Valence Electron - Electrons in the outer most energy level.
  9. Valence Electrons are important in determining how an atom/element bonds with another atom/element.
  10. An unstable atom will form a bond with another atom.
  11. Atoms like to have their outer energy levels filled with Electrons
  12. The emptier an Atom's outer energy level, the more likely it is to bond with another atom.
  13. Ionic bond - a chemical bond in which one atom gives up one or more electrons and another atom accepts that electron or electrons (i.e., electrons are transferred from one atom to another).
  14. As Magnesium burns, it bonds with Oxygen.
  15. Magnesium donates an electron to Oxygen because Oxygen has an electron affinity.  This fills Oxygen's outer energy level.
  16. Covalent Bond - atoms share electrons in their outer energy level (i.e., electrons are shared instead of transferred).
  17. Metallic Bond - many electrons are shared between atoms.
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