FAM 2 - T-34C Familiarization Flight 2

DISCUSS ITEMS

A.  Outlying Field Break

      - An overhead transition, with interval, from cruise to the downwind configuration.

      - Break altitude - 1,200 ft at OLFs, 1,800 ft at Sherman Field

Break Interval - You are #1 for the break when:

1. The aircraft ahead is:

     a. Turning crosswind

     b. Has completed at least 90° of turn and is abeam or behind your wingtip

2. The aircraft ahead is:

     a. On downwind

     b. At least 15° behind your wingtip

3. The aircraft ahead is:

     a. Departing in accordance with course rules

     b. Executing a simulated LAPL

4. At a tower controlled field:

     a. All the above conditions are met

     b. You are cleared by the tower

B.  Pattern Interval

No Flap Landing

1. When the aircraft ahead is abeam or behind your wingtip

Full Flap Landing

1. Same as break interval rules except that you may begin your turn when the aircraft on downwind is 15° ahead of your wingtip

C.  Aborted Takeoff

1. PCL --------------------------------  FULL BETA

2. Wheelbrakes ----------------------  AS REQUIRED

If going off runway is anticipated:

3. Condition Lever -----------------  FUEL OFF

4. T-Handle --------------------------  PULL

5. Canopy ----------------------------  EMERGENCY OPEN

6. Battery Switch -------------------  OFF

When aircraft comes to rest:

7. Harness ----------------------------  RELEASE

8. Parachute --------------------------  UNFASTENED

9. Evacuate Aircraft

If Executing an Intentional/Practice Abort

1. Call tower for takeoff, stating your intentions

2. Position aircraft on runway for a normal takeoff

3. When properly aligned on the runway and cleared for an ABORTED TAKEOFF, add power to 400 ft-lbs and check instruments

4. Release the brakes, advance the PCL to 1015 ft-lbs, and commence a normal takeoff roll

5. Before 1,500 ft of takeoff roll, initiate the ABORT TAKEOFF procedure

6. Maneuver is complete when the aircraft has achieved a safe taxi speed

7. Taxi clear of the runway or commence takeoff from your present position if possible

D.   Gear and Flap Speeds

150 kts ----  Maximum Airspeed to Lower Gear/Fly with Gear Extended

120 kts ----  Maximum Airspeed to Raise Gear

E.   Crosswind Approach and Landing

Approach

1. Maintain proper 3/4 wingtip distance downwind with crab as necessary.

2. Adjust power and AOB to fly a normal approach.  

Overshooting Crosswind

1. Power reduction may be greater due to a higher rate of closure with the runway.

2. AOB will be shallow during the first part of the approach and will increase approaching the 90° point.  Adjust AOB as necessary to intercept the landing line.

Undershooting Crosswind

1. Power reduction may be lesser due to a slower rate of closure with the runway.

2. AOB will be steeper during the first part of the approach and will decrease approaching the 90° point.  Adjust AOB as necessary to intercept the landing line.

Landing

1. Maintain crosswind corrections through the landing transition.

2. Increase aileron pressure as necessary to land the aircraft with zero side motion.

3. Landing will be made on the upwind gear first.

4. Maintain crosswind corrections to minimize weathercocking and lower the nose gently to the runway.

5. Full stop landings may require increased corrections as the airplane decelerates.

6. For touch and go landings:

     - Hold in the crosswind corrections.

DEMONSTRATE ITEMS

A.  Outlying Field Operations (OFO)

Full Flap Touch and Go Landings

1. Determine duty runway

     a. Select appropriate frequency for OLF

     b. Transmit “(Field Name) Landing”

     c. RDO will respond

     d. Respond to the RDO by reading back the field name and duty runway number

     a. Be on extended runway centerline

     b. Fly straight and level flight

     c. Be at break altitude - 1,200 ft for OLFs

     d. Flying 170 kts / Fast Cruise

     e. Transmit “(Field Name) RDO, KATT/BUC #, 2 mile initial, runway #, Dual, Fam-2”

3. Fly from the initial point toward the runway maintaining altitude and airspeed.

a. Approaching runway, offset abeam on the opposite side from the touch and go pattern

b. Visually locate pattern traffic

c. Obtain wind information by checking the wind sock

4. Establish proper interval - See discuss item above

5. With interval, execute the break

     a. Transmit “KATT/BUC #, Crosswind break”

     b. FLOP - Roll into a maximum of 30° AOB turn and maintain altitude

     c. CHOP - Reduce power to 300 ft-lbs torque and maintain altitude

     d. DROP - Check airspeed below 150 kts and lower the landing gear

6. Enter Downwind

     a. Adjust AOB to establish 3/4 wingtip distance

     b. Slow to 100 kts

     c. Descend at 100 kts to pattern altitude - 900 ft MSL

     d. Level off at pattern altitude using PAT principle

     e. Adjust power to 500 - 550 ft-lbs

     f. Once on Downwind, conduct Landing Checklist down to flaps

7. At 15° prior to the abeam point, conduct the 4 T’s

     a. TRANSITION - Power to 300 ft-lbs and lower flaps

     b. TRIM - Left and up

     c. TURN - Begin turn at 180° point and descend at 90 kts to 90° point

     d. TALK - Transmit “KATT/BUC #, 180, gear down and locked”

     e. Report “Gear down, flaps down, Landing Checklist complete”

8. At the 90° point

     a. 90 KIAS

     b. 400 ft AGL / 500 ft MSL

9. Final approach

     a. 85 KIAS

     b. 100 - 150 ft AGL / 200 - 250 ft MSL

     c. 1,200 - 1,500 ft of straight-away remaining

     d. Wings level

     e. Check for good paddles and report “Gear down, paddles checked”

     f. Do not land prior to the RDO, crash crew, or wheels watch

10. Flare, landing, and takeoff

     a. Approaching touchdown, smoothly reduce PCL to IDLE

b. Coordinate gradual backstick pressure to land smoothly on the mains in a nose-high attitude

     c. Smoothly lower nose to the ground

     d. Add power to maximum allowable 1015 ft-lbs, raise the nose to takeoff attitude

     e. Execute a normal takeoff

11. Climbout

     a. Climb out at 90 kts

     b. Retrim right and down

     c. At 300 ft AGL / 400 ft MSL and clear of obstacles, raise flaps

     d. Accelerate to 100 kts, retrim left and up for 100 kt climb

12. Crosswind

     a. When #1 with interval, make transmit “KATT/BUC #, crosswind, touch and go”

     b. Turn crosswind using a maximum of 30° AOB

     c. Begin Landing Checklist down to flaps

     d. 50 ft prior to pattern altitude, reduce power to 500 - 550 ft-lbs

     e. Lower the nose to maintain 100 KIAS, trim left and up

     f. Enter Downwind  

Outlying Field Departure

1. Ensure that you are number one upwind

     a. Above 300 ft AGL / 400 ft MSL

     b. Flaps up

     c. Upwind aircraft has:

         - Begun crosswind turn

         - Raised his gear to depart

         - Conducted simulated LAPL from the pattern

2. Aircraft above 300 ft AGL / 400 ft MSL and flaps up

3. Transmit “KATT/BUC #, number one upwind, departing”

4. Add power to maximum allowable 1015 ft-lbs

5. Check airspeed below 120 kts

     a. Lower landing gear

     b. Turn landing lights off

6. Climb to departure altitude

     a. Accelerate to 170 KIAS or 120 KIAS

     b. Retrim

7. Switch to appropriate frequency

     a. Channel 19 - Area 1 Common

B.  Full Flap Landings (2 Minimum)

      - See Discuss Item Above

C.  No Flap Landings (2 Minimum)

      - The No Flap approach and landing are the same as the Full Flap approach and landing discussed previously with the following exceptions:

1. At 15° prior to the abeam point - Reduce power to 275 ft-lbs

2. At the 180° point - Reduce airspeed to 95 kts

3. On Final/Approach - Maintain 95 kts throughout the approach

4. Climbout airspeed after touch and go - 100 kts

D.  Waveoff

      1. Advance PCL to Maximum allowable 1015 ft-lbs

      2. Simultaneously level the wings and center the ball

      3. Raise the nose to climbing attitude and climb out at 100 kts.  Retrim

      4. Above 300 ft AGL / 400 ft MSL, raise flaps if necessary, and accelerate to 100 kts.  Retrim

5. Adjust flight path by moving to either side of runway to avoid traffic and to keep aircraft on runway in sight.

      6. With interval, call Crosswind to re-enter the Downwind or depart the pattern.

INTRODUCE ITEMS

A.  Taxi

- Maintain a controllable taxi speed

- Primarily use beta to control ground speed

- Steer with minimal use of brakes

- Call squadron base as you begin to taxi out of ramp area

- Call Ground prior to leaving ramp area

- Contact squadron base as you return to ramp area

- Switch back to Ground prior to parking

B.  Takeoff

1. Call tower for clearance

2. When crossing the hold short line, call for the line-up checklist

3. When aligned on the runway and cleared for takeoff, add power to 400 ft-lbs and check engine instruments.  Report “Instruments checked” over the ICS.

4. Select a reference point.  Position the stick in neutral.  Release the brakes.  Maintain directional control using rudder pressure.  Advance PCL to maximum allowable within three seconds.

5. At approximately 70 - 80 kts, smoothly apply back stick pressure and position the nose to takeoff attitude (cowl seam on the horizon).  Maintain this attitude and allow the aircraft to fly itself off the deck at 80 - 85 kts.

6. When a safe landing can no longer be made on the runway, check fuel caps for streaming fuel, report “Fuel caps secure,” raise the landing gear and report “Three up and locked.”

7. Set the 120 kt climbing attitude (cowl seam on the horizon). Climb out in accordance with course rules.  Retrim as necessary.

8. Perform cruise checklist.

9. Call Departure.

C.  Initial Climb to Altitude (ICA)

This procedure is to be accomplished every time you climb or descend more than 1,000 ft outside of the Class C airspace:

1. Turn to climb out heading

2. Check power 1015 ft-lbs (120 kts)

3. Begin climb

4. Check the area clear by commencing clearing turns.  Smoothly roll into a 15°AOB turn on the horizon.  Cross check AOB with attitude indicator.

5. Lead reversals using the 1/3 rule and smoothly roll into a 15°AOB turn in the opposite direction as you clear the area.

6. When 200 ft prior to your level off altitude, gradually lower the nose to level flight attitude and level off on altitude.

D.  Turn Pattern

1. Establish a cardinal heading (North, South, East, or West)

2. Clear the area.  Adjust power, attitude, and trim as necessary throughout maneuver.

     - Clear left 15°AOB, 30°heading change, lead reversal by 5°

     - Clear right 15°AOB, 30°heading change, lead reversal by 5°

     - Clear left 30°AOB, 90°heading change, lead reversal by 10°

     - Clear right 30°AOB, 90°heading change, lead reversal by 10°

     - Clear left 45°AOB, 180°heading change, lead reversal by 15°

     - Clear right 45°AOB, 180°heading change, lead reversal by 15°

3. Roll out on original cardinal heading and hold light forward stick pressure to prevent ballooning.

4. Reduce power to normal cruise setting (600 - 650 ft-lbs).  Reset attitude and retrim for straight and level flight.  

E.   Level Speed Change

- A maneuver to go from Normal Cruise, to Downwind Configuration, to Landing Configuration, and then to Fast Cruise.

- 150 kts, 100 kts, 90 kts, 170 kts

- A good outside scan and proper trim are important

1. Transition from Normal Cruise to Downwind Configuration

     a. Reduce power to 300 ft-lbs

     b. Check airspeed below 150 kts, lower the landing gear

     c. Approaching 100 kts, add power to 500 - 550 ft-lbs to maintain airspeed

     d. Trim right and up

2. Perform the Landing Checklist down to the flaps

3. Transition from Downwind Configuration to Landing Configuration

     a. Reduce power by 100 ft-lbs to 400 - 450 ft-lbs

     b. Check airspeed below 120 kts, lower the flaps

     c. Approaching 90 kts, add power to 600 ft-lbs to maintain airspeed

     d. Trim right and up

e. Check flaps are down and report “Gear down, Flaps down, Landing Checklist complete”

4. Transition from Landing Configuration to Fast Cruise

     a. Advance power to 1015 ft-lbs

     b. Check airspeed below 120 kts, raise the landing gear and flaps

     c. Turn off the landing lights

     d. Approaching 170 kts, reduce power to 750 - 800 ft-lbs

F.   Power Off Stall

1. Configure

     - Appropriate Altitude

     - Normal Cruise - 150 kts, 600 - 650 ft-lbs

     - Clean Configuration - Gear and Flaps UP

2. Check

     - Perform STALL CHECKLIST and report it complete

3. Clear

     - 45°AOB for 180° of turn

4. Setup

- Once established in clearing turn, reduce power to 200 ft-lbs

     - Approaching 100 kts, set 100 kt glide attitude

     - Retrim

5. Commence

- After clearing turn, raise nose 12°-15° above normal cruise (place stacks on horizon)

- Hold this attitude until stall

6. Recover

     - Release back stick pressure

     - Use opposite rudder to stop rolling tendency

     - Roll wings level

     - Raise nose to resume 100 kt power-off attitude

G.      Communication Procedures

      See Communications and Checklists Section

PRACTICE ITEMS

A.  Preflight

B.  Checklists

C.  Start

D.  Use and Effect of Controls and Trim

E.   Straight and Level Flight

F.   Constant Angle of Bank      Turn (CABT)

G.  Basic Transitions

H.  Course Rules