Footnotes for
1-116I imagine it must have been. It was also where my mother, Aunt Elaine and Uncle Sunny grew up in large part as children and teenagers, attending, for example, the Shanghai-American School. At the same time, it must be recalled that China had been a country at war with Japan for many years, beginning in the early 1930s following Japan's takeover of Manchuria (thence temporarily renamed by them as Manchuko), and Mother, for example, has related stories of standing atop hotel roofs in the American sector watching Japanese planes bomb Chinese civilian populations in other parts of the city. Fuller accounts of this almost unknown war (to most Americans, even today), including the infamous ''Rape of Nanking,'' are available from many library sources. It is easy to understand the bitterness felt by Chinese (as well as ''Old China Hands'') toward even modern Japan's intransigence in refusing to acknowledge their role in, and the atrocities commited by their forces during World War II, and continuing to ''hide'' those facts in the education of their children. [ECP]
1-117An interesting treatment of what happened to one young English boy trapped with his family in Shanghai was provided in Steven Spielberg's recent movie The Empire of the Sun, which, in turn, was brought closer to home by the real-life internment by the Japanese of my wife's family at the Stanley POW Camp in Hong Kong. [ECP]
1-118HARC notation: ''much talk.''
1-119Under siege by advancing German forces.
1-120HARC notation: ''Dutch.'' This may have been the nickname of a friend.
1-121HARC marginal notation: ''Japs 'bought' much of Shanghai.''
1-122Perhaps an allusion to the Army aviators under command of General (then Major) James A. Doolittle in the famous (by book and movie) Tokyo Raid.
1-123A letter from Upton Close (of San Francisco) to HARC dated 30 January 1942 reads in part as follows: ''I certainly enjoyed your letter and wish I could tell you more about the condition of our friends in Shanghai and elsewhere, but I'm just picking up scraps of information the same as you do. I do remember seeing somewhere that the twenty-five million bucks you refer to had been picked up by the Japs...''
1-124Note of explanation to younger readers: Lord Haw-Haw was the sobriquet given a member of the British aristocracy who aired propaganda radio broadcasts on behalf of Hitler's Nazi regime. [ECP]
1-125HARC notation: ''Marcel Verdier.''
1-126HARC notation: ''W.H. Putnam and E.W. Langdon.''
1-127Note of explanation to younger readers: This is a play of words on the Japanese proclamation of a New Order for Asia - the Far East Co-prosperity Sphere of which they, of course, would be the leaders. [ECP]
1-128HARC notation: ''A former Marine?''
1-129HARC notations: ''October 16, 1940. In a speech reported by the Press October 25, 1944, Governor Dewey claimed 10 million tons of scrap was sent Japan in 8 years.'' It has become popular in some quarters in recent years to suggest that Japan was forced into a belligerent war stance by America's refusal to continue to supply it with raw materials such as scrap iron. This home-grown version of a revisionist approach to history, though perhaps ''politically correct'' to the ill-informed, is clearly at odds with the evidence. [ECP]
1-130HARC notation: ''Minister of Information. Head of Chungking Information Bureau. Loyal to Madame Chiang.''
1-131HARC notation: ''Took me about that long to know way about.''
1-132HARC notation: ''The Tower atop Cathay.'' The intended referent is not clear.
1-133HARC notations: ''pillboxes'' and ''neon signs.''
1-134HARC notation: ''Skyscrapers first planned in 1925.''
1-135HARC notation: ''Colonial style.''
1-136HARC notation: ''Sir Elly Kadoorie - Marble Hall.''
1-137HARC notation: ''Mrs. Hutchinson.''
1-138HARC notation: ''Ming Hong - 'Yacht club for house boats.'''
1-139HARC notation: ''Child of the Sea.''
1-140HARC later made several annotations on the back of a page at approximately this point. These were as follows: ''Thanksgiving football; Canidrome - dog races - Bank of China (bomb killed 7); Kiangwan - races; Serkingjao - golf; Jai-alai - Spanish (Basque) - 3 centuries - high salaries - combination of lacrosse, tennis and handball - fast.''
1-141HARC notation: ''Twice daily 100 miles from open sea. Bore: 'river' suddenly narrows from 30 to 5 miles.''
1-142HARC notation: ''Kwan-Yin.'' His variant spelling is only one of several I have encountered over the years. Dad bought Mother a porcelain version of the goddess before we last left Hawaii (which now graces a mantle in her home in Connecticut, as it has in several other abodes during the course of our travels over the years as I was growing up), and I believe she always spelled it ''Quan Yin,'' which is as satisfactory as anything else that one might suggest. [ECP]
1-143This usage is not unique to Chinese, of course. In old Hawaii, for example, poi (a national dish prepared as a purplish paste from the roots of taro plants) was variously described as ''one-, two-, or three-fingered poi,'' depending on the thickness, or consistency, of the material. Honored guests would be served ''one-fingered'' (i.e., quite thick) poi in eating bowls, while one can assume that the equivalent of vacuum cleaner salesmen would be offered a thin gruel of ''three-fingered'' poi. [ECP]
1-144HARC annotation on back of page: ''XMHC - Post-Mercury; XGRS - Nazi; XMHA - Free French (Race Course Road).''
1-145HARC notation: ''German consulate top floors (Peking Road). British Embassy Press Attache's office same building (Bund).''
1-146Note to younger readers: HARC has used the expression ''Vichy'' government several times with respect to the government in France at this time (i.e., during the war years). If you don't know what this means, you really should get some encyclopedic articles as background reading for the period! I will note, however, that the Vichy government was a pro-German ''puppet'' regime.
1-147Again, younger readers may note that this was after the fall of France to Germany and the establishment of the puppet ''Vichy'' regime, ostensibly in charge of all French forces throughout the world who were then commanded to swear allegiance to that regime. Some French forces revolted (though not all at the same time), and Allied Forces, for example, landing in French-occupied territories in North Africa found allegiances changing as time went on. [ECP]
1-148HARC notation: ''He was set free in Singapore 5 months later through British influence of some kind.'' Note that this is prior to the fall of Singapore to Japan. [ECP]
1-149Younger readers may be familiar with the classic wartime movie Casablanca, starring Humphrey Bogart, Ingrid Bergman, et al. (Older readers certainly are!) Stories of the relationships among the international community in Shanghai at the same time, however, have not, to my knowledge, ever been the subject of film even though they would certainly seem to offer the possibility of equally compelling and far more serpertine drama. [ECP]
1-150HARC notation: ''Such were used when attacking Changsha on September 25, 1941.''
1-151HARC notation: ''What will happen to Germans when Germany collapses?''
1-152HARC notation: ''Persen - a great patriot. Killed by Japs in Manila?''
1-153Note to younger readers: Quisling was head of the puppet government established in Norway by the Germans after their defeat of the country (though this isn't the whole story by any means, and interested readers should pursue the topic). Now used synonymously with ''traitor.'' [ECP]
1-154Probably intended as irony, though it's not clear in which vein it should be taken. [ECP]
1-155Probably the Russian version of cabbage soup which many cookbooks today spell ''borscht.'' [ECP]
1-156Possibly a variation of blintzes? [ECP]
1-157Not quite! HARC added a marginal notation: ''Baboushka (Grandma).'' (Don't argue with his spelling; after all, it's transliterated from the Cyrillic!) Today most Americans understand this is a generic Russian term for an elderly matron - particularly as applied to the ''streetsweepers'' of Moscow. [ECP]
1-158There's a photograph of HARC in his SVC uniform on the streets of Shanghai in the photographic supplement. [ECP]
1-159HARC here begins a several paragraph narrative concerning the history of the Defense Force, the role of the famous British adventurer, ''Chinese'' Gordon, in it (Gordon later became even more famous after his death in Khartoum, the Sudan, when engaging the forces of the ''Mahdi''), and the T'ai P'ing Rebellion (which HARC describes as the Taiping Rebellion, following). The history of this period is so fascinating, in fact, that I have added one appendix entitled '''Chinese' Gordon and the T'ai P'ing Rebellion'' (consisting of a few articles) which the reader might enjoy as background material. Note that HARC's own characterization of the Defense Force is somewhat at odds with other sources, which offer a less romantic view of this history. He is right, too, in suggesting connections between Freemasonry and the Triads (at least as they existed in older China) - but that is another book. [ECP]
1-160HARC notation: ''The slaying of Hideo Mirakami, a Buddhist 'priest,' January 15, first of incidents.'' HARC also notated the January date of the slaying of the Shinto priest as being on the 22nd. Note that both these individuals may be inferred to have been Japanese - the first from the surname, and the latter because Shinto is a form of Japanese nationalistic religion. [ECP]
1-161HARC notation: ''Trainer or groom.''
1-162HARC notation: '''Peasant' army promised 3 day sack at (Nanking and other?) places as inducement.''
1-163HARC notation: '''Said' to be Gestapo head.''
1-164HARC notation: ''Supposedly born at moment other died.''
1-165Probably like HARC, I've also found occasion to ''nurse'' myself back to health with the help of a little Scotch; I'm certain that in this case, however, he intended to mean ''Scots''! [ECP]
1-166The phenomena is even less rare than HARC may have supposed. My brother, Lawrence, was born 4 April 1949 in Aiea, Oahu, Hawaii with a few teeth already having erupted. [ECP]
1-167HARC notation: ''Bawdy beads and old newspapers instead of valuable leather. Hamburg. Letter of credit.''
1-168HARC notation: ''Nanking Rd: 729 killed and 861 injured.''
1-169HARC notation: ''Like Happy Valley in Hong Kong; also a golf course.''
1-170HARC notation: ''10-inch howitzers.''
1-171HARC notation: ''10 p.m.''
1-172HARC glued to the back of a page what I believe is the typewritten response of a friend to whom he must have posed a question regarding the Augusta. It reads as follows: ''I do not know whether any sailors on the Augusta were wounded when the Jap shell hit her, but one was killed and I represented the Company at his funeral, which was in a good old Catholic Church. The few good Catholics we had in the office, who all belong to that club, had urgent business elsewhere, so I sat in the background and followed the actions of the regular members.'' [ECP]
1-173Younger readers may note that what is now celebrated each November 11 as ''Veterans Day'' had its origins as ''Armistice Day,'' which commemorated the signing of the Armistice ending World War I. (In school I always found it easy to remember that it was signed at ''the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month'' in the same railroad car in which Hitler later, following the fall of France at the beginning of World War II, forced the French to meet for their surrender.) [ECP]
1-174HARC notations: ''What did Japs do to cheering crew? Salvaged by Japs and sunk for good by 14th Air Force.''
1-175HARC notation: ''Fall of 1937.''
1-176HARC notation: ''Reduced to about 300, but got out with the girl's flag.''
1-177HARC marginal notation: ''A. von Miorini.''
1-178HARC notation: ''Chamberlain announced war 11 a.m. London (6 a.m. New York) time.''
1-179HARC notation: ''Fabre.''
1-180HARC notation: ''Verdier.''
1-181HARC marginal notations: ''Fenimore Bennet Lynch (Edith); D.J. Sinclair (Amy); S.E. Avery; and P. Kristorksen.''