Composition of blood

1. Connective tissue –

2. Hematocrit –

3. Erythrocytes (RBC) –

4. Plasma –

5. Buffy Coat –

Function of blood

1. Distribution –

2. Thermoregulation –

3. Clotting –

4. Infection protection –

5. Fluid volume –

Composition of plasma

1. Proteins -

-a. Albumin –

-b. Antibodies –

-c. Clotting proteins –

2. Others -

-a. Nutrients –

-b. Electrolytes –

Erythrocytes

1. Structure –

-a. Anucleate –

-b. Biconcave –

2. Hemoglobin –

-a. Globin –

-b. Heme –

3. Function -

-a. Oxyhemoglobin –

-b. Carbaminohemoglobin –

Hematopoiesis

1. Defined –

2. Red bone marrow –

3. Hematopoetic stem cell (hemocytoblast) –

Erythropoiesis

1. Erythropoiesis –

-a. Hemocytoblast –

-b. Proerythroblast –

-c. Erythroblast –

-d. Normoblast –

-e. Reticulocytes –

-f. Erythrocytes –

Regulation and requirements of erythropoesis

1. Negative feedback mechanism –

2. Hypoxia –

3. Erythropoietin –

4. Red bone marrow –

5. Requirements –

Fate of erythrocytes

1. Life span –

2. Spleen –

3. Bilirubin –

4. Globulin –

Erythrocyte disorders: anemias

1. Anemia –

2. Hemorrhagic anemia –

3. Hemolytic anemia –

4. Aplastic anemia –

5. Iron deficiency anemia –

6. Athlete’s anemia –

7. Pernicious anemia –

-a. Intrinsic factor –

8. Thalassemias –

9. Sickle cell anemia –

Erythrocyte disorders: polycythemias

1. Polycythemia –

2. Polycythemia vera –

3. Secondary polycythemia –

Leukocytes

1. True cells –

2. Protection –

3. Leukocytosis –

4. NLMEB -

5. Classification –

-a. Granulocytes –

-b. Agranulocytes –

Granulocytes

1. Neutrophils

-a. Cytoplasm –

-b. Nucleus –

-c. Function –

2. Eosinophils

-a. Cytoplasm –

-b. Nucleus –

-c. Function –

3. Basophils

-a. Cytoplasm –

-b. Nucleus –

-c. Function –

Agranulocytes

1. Lymphocyte –

-a. Nucleus –

-b. T lymphocytes –

-c. B lymphocytes –

2. Monocytes

-a. Size –

-b. Macrophages –

-c. Phagocytosis –

Leukopoiesis

1. Cytokines –

2. Hemocytoblast –

3. Lymphoid stem cell –

4. Myeloid stem cell –

-a. Monoblast –

-b. Myeloblast –

Leukocyte disorders

1. Leukopenia –

2. Leukemia –

3. Infectious mononucleosis –

Platelets

1. Appearance –

2. Function –

3. Granules –

4. Formation

-a. megakaryoblast –

-b. promegakaryocyte

-c. megakaryocyte –

Hemostasis

1. Vascular spasm –

2. Platelet plug formation

-a. Collagen –

-b. Degranulation –

3 Blood clotting

Blood clotting

1. Procoagulants –

2. Calcium ion –

3. Two pathways –

-a. Extrinsic pathway –

-b. Intrinsic pathway –

4. Prothrombin activator –

5. Prothrombin –

6. Thrombin –

7. Fibrinogen –

8. Fibrin –

9. Clot retraction –

Fibrinolysis –

1. Plasminogen –

2. Plasmin –

Disorders of hemostasis

1. Thrombus –

2. Embolus – c

3. Thrombocytopenia –

4. Impaired liver function –

5. Hemophilia –

Blood groups

1. Agglutinogen –

2. Agglutinin –

3. ABO blood groups –

-a. AB –

-b. A –

-c. B –

-d. O –

-e. mismatched blood –

4. Rh blood groups –

-a. Rh positive –

-b. Rh negative –

-c. Erythroblatosis fetalis –