Extra Credit Chapters 19, 20, & 21

Chapter 19 Extra Credit:

1. Define formed elements and list their three major categories. Which is least numerous. Which comprise the buffy coat of the hematocrit tube.

2. Describe erythrocytes and explain how their structure improves their function.

3. List in order from most least to most mature four stages in erythrocyte development (do not include erythrocyte or words such as early or late)

4. What effect would a sever infection have on the WBC count? What is this called?

5. Describe the appearance of platelets and state their major function. Why should platelets not be called "cells"?

6. Define fibrinolysis. What is the importance of this process?

Chapter 20 Extra Credit:

7. Describe the pericardium.

8. Trace one drop of blood from the time it enters the right atrium until it enters the left atrium. What is this circuit called?

9. How does heart contraction and relaxation influence coronary blood flow? Name at least one branch of the right coronary artery and the left coronary artery.

10. The refractory period of cardiac muscle is much longer than that of skeletal muscle. Why is this a desirable functional property?

11. Name the elements of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart in order, beginning with the pacemaker.

12. What is cardiac output and how is it calculated.

Chapter 21 Extra Credit:

13. List and describe the layers of the blood vessel wall.

14. Describe the three types of capillaries and give a location for each.

15. Write and equation showing the relationship between peripheral resistance, blood flow, and blood pressure.

16. How is venous blood pumped back to the heart?