All definitions are taken directly or paraphrased from:

Tserdanelis, Georgios and Wai Yi Peggy Wong. Language Files: Materials for an Introduction

to Language and Linguistics. Columbus: Ohio UP, 2004.

Morphology
1) derivation	Uses the morphological process called affixational process that forms a word with a meaning and/or category distinct from that of its root. 1 of 2 of the morphological operations that create a different word.
2) Inflexion	The modification of a word form to indicate the grammatical subclass to which it belongs. (NO change of meaning or category). 1 of 2 kinds of morphological operations that create a different word. There are NO inflectional prefixes…ONLY suffixes.
3) Root	The kernel of the word. The irreducible part of a word to which was added suffixes
4) Stem	The word that is having an affix added to it.
5) Affix	Two kinds of affixes: prefix and suffix
6) Homophonous affixes	Affixes that sound the same, but have different meanings.
7)Free morpheme	A morpheme that is able to stand alone as an individual word
8) Bound morpheme	A morpheme that cannot stand alone.
9) Morphemes	Single, irreducible meaningful unit of a language or smallest unit of language that carries info about meaning or function. Abstraction picked out of allomorphs, b/c it is the most common realization of the allomorphs.
10) Free root	Simple word
11) Bound root	Roots that cannot stand alone as a simple word
12) Content Morpheme	Morpheme that change the meaning of a word.
13) Function Morpheme	Morphemes that provide information about grammatical function. Examples are prepositions, articles, conjunctions and inflectional affixes.
14) Allomorphs	Different phonetic shapes of the same stem or affix. The physical realization
15) Input and Output Facts	1. The stems with which a given affix may combine normally belong to the same speech class. 2. The words formed by the addition of a given derivational affix to some stem also normally belong to the same part of speech class. Input + Derivational Affix = Output Usually one class Usually same class
16) Hierarchical Structure	Words are hierarchical, b/c they are layered and have a special type of structure of derived words
17) Ambiguous	Words that have more than one meaning.
18) Word formation process	Occurring combinations of affixation are systematic or rule-governed. (example: in English re- only take verbs as input and –able only produce adjectives as output.)
19) Lexicon	The speaker’s mental dictionary
20) Formation	The systematic relationships between roots and words derived from them and between a word and its various inflected forms.
21) Productive rules	Rules that speakers apply to form words that are not currently in use in a language
22) infixes	Affixes that are inserted within the root morpheme
For test, from data be able to tell what process is used and explain what they mean in one sentence.
23) Compounding	A process that forms new words from two or more independent words. Can include words that are free morphemes, derived by affixation, or by compounding themselves.
24) Reduplication	A process of forming new words either by doubling an entire free morpheme (total reduplication) or part of it (partial reduplication).
25) Reduplicant	The first syllable of the stem
26) Alterations	Morpheme internal modifications
27) Suppletion	When a root has one or more inflected forms which is phonetically unrelated to the shape of the root.
28) Analytic languages	Languages made up of sequences of free morphemes –each word consist of a single morpheme, used by itself with meaning intact. Do not use prefixes or suffixes to compose words. Instead they use separate words.
29) Isolating Languages	Another name for Analytic languages
30) Synthetic languages	Languages which attach affixes or bound morphemes to other morphemes, so that a word may e made up of several meaningful elements.
31) Agglutination	The kind of synthesis of morphemes that are joined together loosely so that it is easy to determine morpheme boundaries…usually each bound morpheme carries only one meaning. Subtype of synthetic languages.
32) Fusional languages	Another subtype of synthetic language in which words are formed by adding bound morphemes to stems, but the affixes may NOT be easy to separate from the stem AND affixes may have several different meanings. For example, one affix may be used to signal tense and person, whereas in agglutinating languages different affixes are used.
33) Polysynthetic languages	Complex words may be formed by combining several stems and affixes. Usually incorporating the objects (subjects and objects, etc) into the verb. Long nouns with stems and affixes stuck to each other.
34) Affixation	Morphological process that uses affixes to attach to stems
35) Morphological Processes	Affixation, Compounding, Reduplication, Alteration, Suppletion
36) Morphological Types	Synthetic: uses affixes, types: Agglutination, Fusional, Polysynthetic Analytic: has all free morphemes, called isolating, ex: Mandarin