Practice Exam
Exam 3: Respiratory
and Urinary Systems
1. T
F The pharynx is an enlargement at the top of the trachea
that houses the vocal cords.
2. Which
of the following would increase the rate of glomerular filtration?
A. decreased
blood pressure
B. increased
blood pressure
C. a
constricted afferent arteriole
D. a
dilated efferent arteriole
3. As
a consequence of widespread edema, blood volume
A. increases
and blood pressure drops.
B. decreases
and blood pressure drops.
C. increases
and blood pressure rises.
D. decreases
and blood pressure rises.
4. The
epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule are adapted for reabsorption
by
A. having
thin walls.
B. having
rugae folds that increase surface area.
C. secreting
enzymes that activate absorption of substances.
D. having
microscopic projections called microvilli.
5. T
F Active transport mechanisms have limited transport
capacities because the renal tubule is not
very
permeable to the absorption of molecules.
6. The
force that tends to hold the visceral and parietal pleural membranes together
is ____________.
7. T
F Ordinary air is about 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen.
8. Which
of the following indicates the parts of a renal tubule in the correct sequence
from beginning to end?
A. proximal
convoluted tubule, ascending limb, descending limb, distal convoluted tubule
B. distal
convoluted tubule, ascending limb, descending limb, proximal convoluted tubule
C. proximal
convoluted tubule, descending limb, ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule
9. Which
of the following is not part of the male urethra?
A. prostatic
urethra
B. membranous
urethra
C. penile
urethra
D. glandular
urethra
10. T
F The inflation reflex is activated when stretch receptors are
stimulated during inspiration.
11. T
F The greatest amount of carbon dioxide transported in the
blood is in the form of dissolved carbon dioxide.
12. T
F When the concentration of water in body fluids increases,
the secretion of ADH increases.
13. Water
reabsorption occurs throughout the length of the renal tubule by the process of
_____.
14. The
portion of the respiratory center that is responsible for establishing the
basic pattern of breathing is the
A. apneustic
area.
B. rhythmicity
area.
C. pneumotaxic
area.
D. inspiratory
area.
15. The
hormone ADH functions to promote water reabsorption through the wall(s) of the
A. distal
convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
B. proximal
convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
C. ascending
limb of the nephron loop.
D. descending
limb of the nephron loop.
16. Which
of the following air volumes cannot be measured using a simple spirometer?
A. tidal
volume
B. vital
capacity
C. residual
volume
D. total
lung capacity
17. The
mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity functions to
A. warm
incoming air.
B. moisten
incoming air.
C. entrap
dust and other small particles.
D. all
of the above
18. T
F Oxygen is carried in the blood in the form of bicarbonate
ions and is bound to hemoglobin.
19. The
force that causes air to move into the lungs during inspiration is supplied by
A. the
diaphragm.
B. external
intercostal muscles.
C. abdominal
wall muscles.
D. atmospheric
pressure.
20. During
urine formation, some substances move from the plasma in the peritubular
capillary into the
renal
tubule by the process called _____ .
21. Gout
is a condition in which the plasma has an abnormally high concentration of
A. uric
acid.
B. Urea.
C. calcium
ions.
D. amino
acids.
22. T
F The organs of the upper respiratory tract are located
outside the thorax.
23. T F An
increase in sodium reabsorption increases water reabsorption by actively
transporting sodium ions into the blood.
24. Microorganisms
removed from incoming air by sticky mucus are most likely to be destroyed by
A. toxins
in the mucus.
B. the
action of cilia.
C. the
digestive action of gastric juice.
D. a
lack of oxygen.
25. Of
the respiratory air volumes listed, which one has the largest volume?
A. expiratory
reserve volume
B. inspiratory
reserve volume
C. vital
capacity
D. tidal
volume
26. T
F The efferent arteriole supplies blood to the capillary of
the glomerulus.
27. As
a result of excessively low arterial blood pressure, glomerular hydrostatic
pressure
A. rises
and filtration increases.
B. rises
and filtration decreases.
C. drops
and filtration increases.
D. drops
and filtration decreases.
28. The
percentage of carbon dioxide in ordinary air is about
A. 4%.
B. 0.4%.
C. 0.04%.
D. 0.004%.
29. The
condition in which air enters the pleural cavity is called
A. pneumonia.
B. pneumothorax.
C. pulmonary
ventilation.
D. internal
respiration.
30. The
first event in inspiration is
A. the
diaphragm moves downward and the external intercostal muscles contract.
B. atmospheric
pressure forces air into the respiratory tract.
C. intra-alveolar
pressure is decreased.
D. the
lungs become inflated.
31. The
chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are most sensitive to changes
in blood
A. carbon
dioxide concentration.
B. hydrogen
ion concentration.
C. oxygen
concentration.
D. bicarbonate
ion concentration.
32. The
force responsible for normal expiration is supplied by the
A. diaphragm.
B. external
intercostal muscles.
C. elastic
recoil of tissues and surface tension.
D. contraction
of smooth muscles in air passages.
33. Which
of the following is correct concerning the location of the kidneys?
A. The
right kidney is usually higher than the left one.
B. They
are located behind the peritoneum.
C. Their
upper borders are about at the level of the third lumbar vertebra.
D. They
are located against the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity.
34. Which
of the following is not considered a function of the kidneys?
A. regulation
of body fluid concentration
B. regulation
of body fluid volume
C. removal
of waste products from the body
D. formation
of plasma proteins
35. Emphysema
is characterized by an increase in
A. total
surface area of the respiratory membrane.
B. alveolar
wall elasticity.
C. respiratory
capillary networks.
D. none
of the above
36. The
trachea can be described as
A. lined
with a ciliated mucous membrane.
B. including
about 20 C-shaped cartilage rings.
C. a
passageway for air.
D. all
of the above
37. T
F The urethra transports urine from the kidney to the urinary
bladder.
38. Which
of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine
flows after its formation in the nephron?
A. calyx,
renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
B. renal
pelvis, calyx, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
C. renal
pelvis, calyx, urethra, ureter, urinary bladder
D. renal
pelvis, calyx, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra
39. The
layer of serous membrane that is firmly attached to the surface of a lung is
called ____________.
40. The _____________ regulates the filtration rate by regulating blood pressure through renin product.
A. juxtaglomerular apparatus
B. peritubular
capillary
C. renal artery
D.
Bowman’s Capsule
41. Which
of the following proteins is the most important physiologically in the
transport of carbon
dioxide
by blood?
A. hemoglobin
B. carbonic
anhydrase
C. heme
D. albumin
42. The
ureter extends downward
A. behind
the parietal peritoneun and joins the urinary bladder from below.
B. behind
the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below.
C. in
front of the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from above.
D. in
front of the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below.
43. Which
of the following is true as a result of the dead air space of the respiratory
tract?
A. Air
exchange is more complete.
B. The
carbon dioxide content of the air inside the lungs is always higher than the
outside air.
C. The
carbon dioxide content of the air inside the lungs is always lower than the
outside air.
D. The
lungs receive a complete change of fresh air with each respiratory cycle.
44. The
first event in expiration is
A. inter-alveolar
pressure increases.
B. elastic
tissues of the lungs, thoracic cage, and abdominal organs recoil.
C. air
is squeezed out of the lungs.
D. the
diaphragm and external respiratory muscles relax.
45. T
F Urine is forced along the length of the ureter by
peristaltic waves.
46. The
micturition reflex center is located in the
A. sacral
segments of the spinal cord.
B.
medulla
oblongata.
C. pons.
D. Hypothalamus.
47. The
respiratory center is located in the medulla oblongata and the ______ of the
brain stem.
48. Within
a mixture of gases, the pressure created by each gas is called its ______
______.
49. A
decrease in the glomerular hydrostatic pressure of a glomerular capsule will
result in _____ the
rate
of glomerular filtration.
A. an
increase in
B. a
decrease in
C. no
change in
D. a
variable effect on
50. The
pharynx functions as a ______, whereas the larynx functions as a ______.
A. common
passage for air and food; passageway for food only
B. passageway
for air only; passageway for air and food
C. common
passageway for air and food; passageway for air only
D. site
to prevent objects from entering the trachea; site to prevent objects from
entering the
larynx
51. Whenever
the plasma glucose concentration exceeds the renal plasma threshold,
A. the
glomerular filtration rate increases.
B. the
volume of urine decreases.
C. glucose
will be secreted into the peritubular capillary.
D. glucose
will appear in the urine.
52. The
visceral and parietal pleural membranes are normally held together by
A. loose
connective tissue.
B. dense
connective tissue.
C. surface
tension.
D. surfactant.
53. The
vocal cords are located within the
A. pharynx.
B. larynx.
C. trachea.
D. oral
cavity.
54. Which
of the following is (are) a function of the mucus-covered nasal passages?
A. warming
inspired air
B. moistening
inspired air
C. entrapping
small particles
D. all
of the above
55. T
F The urinary bladder is located above the parietal
peritoneum.
56. T
F Carbon monoxide bonds to hemoglobin more effectively than
does oxygen.
57. The
amount of oxygen released from oxyhemoglobin ______ as the concentration of
carbon
dioxide
increases.
58. T
F If the osmotic pressure of the blood plasma is decreased,
the glomerular filtration rate is increased.
59. The
condition of newborns called respiratory distress syndrome is caused by a
A. lack
of surfactant.
B. lack
of a hyaline membrane.
C. low
oxygen concentration.
D. high
oxygen concentration.
60. Which
of the following is an abnormal constituent of urine?
A. urea
B. uric
acid
C. creatinine
D. none
of the above
61. If
the arteriole that supplies blood to the glomerulus becomes constricted,
A. blood
flow into the efferent arteriole increases.
B. the
glomerular filtration rate decreases.
C. hydrostatic
pressure in the glomerulus increases.
D. the
protein concentration of the filtrate increases.
62. The
micturition reflex can be voluntarily controlled by the
A. persons
controlling contraction and relaxation of the pyloric sphincter valve.
B. sympathetic
impulses stimulating the internal urethral sphincter valve.
C. cerebral
cortex stimulating or inhibiting the external urethral sphincter valve.
D. voluntary
contractions or inhibition of the prostate gland.
63. The
walls of the alveoli are composed of
A. ciliated
columnar epithelium.
B. simple
squamous epithelium.
C. stratified
squamous epithelium.
D. loose
connective tissue.
64. Filtration
rate in the glomerulus is increased by
A. vasodilation
of the afferent arteriole only.
B. vasodilation
of the efferent arteriole only.
C. vasoconstriction
of the efferent arteriole only.
D. both
vasodilation and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole.
E. both
vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and vasoconstriction of the efferent
arteriole.
65. The
reabsorption of glucose occurs primarily through the walls of the
A. glomerular
capsule.
B. nephron
loop.
C. proximal
convoluted tubule.
D. distal
convoluted tubule.
66. T
F ADH functions to increase absorption of water from urine
into blood by increasing the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules
and collecting ducts.
67. The
ease with which the lungs can be expanded during breathing is called ______.
68. An
increase in glomerular osmotic pressure will result in _____ the rate of
glomerular filtration.
A. an
increase in
B. a
decrease in
C. no
change in
D. a
variable effect on
69. Uric
acid results from the metabolism of _____ _____ .
70. The
amount of air that enters or leaves the lungs during a normal respiratory cycle
is the
A. tidal
volume.
B. residual
volume.
C. vital
capacity.
D. total
lung capacity.
Essays:
1. A person is in
severe shock after an automobile accident and their blood pressure drops
dramatically. How might you expect the
volume of their urine to
change? Explain.
2. Explain why
carbon monoxde is toxic.
3. Trace the pathway
of blood through the kidney.
4. Discuss the
process of urine formation as blood passes through the nephron/
5. Discuss the
process of micturition.
6. Expalin how
inspsiration and expiration are accomplished.
Answer Key
No. in No. on
Test Correct Answer
1 F
2 B
3 B
4 D
5 F
6 surface tension
7 T
8 C
9 D
10 T
11 F
12 F
13 osmosis
14 B
15 A
16 C
17 D
18 F
19 D
20 secretion
21 A
22 T
23 F
24 C
25 C
26 F
27 D
28 C
29 B
30 A
31 C
32 C
33 B
34 D
35 D
36 D
37 F
38 A
39 visceral pleura
40 C
41 B
42 B
43 B
44 D
45 T
46 A
47 pons
48 partial pressure
49 B
50 C
51 D
52 C
53 B
54 D
55 F
56 T
57 increases
58 T
59 A
60 D
61 B
62 C
63 B
64 E
65 C
66 T
67 compliance
68 A
69 nucleic acids
70 A