Section 1 The Methods of Science
Objectives
·
Identify the steps scientists often use to solve
problems.
·
Describe why scientists use variables.
·
Compare and contrast science and technology.
The word science comes from the Latin word scientia,
which means ______________. Science is
a process that uses ____________ and ___________ to gain knowledge about events
in nature.
There are three main categories of science.
1.
2.
3.
Scientific explanations help you understand the __________
world. Sometimes these explanations
__________ as we learn more about the world through new _____________ or
performing _______________.
Sometimes this involves simply observing and recording
____________, or it might involve setting up _____________ or making a _______.
An organized set of investigative procedures is called a
__________________.
_____ steps are often found in ____________ __________, but
a scientists might ______ steps, _________ steps, or _____ steps when doing an
investigation. P. 8, Figure 3.
Before designing an experiment, you first must state the
___________. What do you want to find
out?
It is useful to learn as much background on the problem as
possible. This is called __________ and
_____________ information.
A ____________ is a possible explanation for a problem
using what you know and what you observe.
It is a ___________ prediction.
Hypotheses can be tested in many ways. One common way to test hypothesis is to
perform an _____________. It tests the
effect of one thing on another using ___________ conditions.
An experiment usually contains at least two
___________. This is a quantity that
can have more than a __________ value. P.9, 1st paragraph.
There are two types of variables. Some variables, you, the scientist, will change to see how it
affects everything else. This is called
an _____________ variable.
Variables that change in an experiment due to the
manipulation of the independent variable are called ____________ variables.
The factors that do not change in the experiment even when
other variables change are called ____________.
In every experiment, there has to be a standard by which
the test results can be compared. This
is called a ___________.
In an experiment to determine if the popping of popcorn is
affected by the temperature at which it is stored, counting the popped kernels
is an example of an _______________.
A part of an experiment includes _________ observations and
______________ the test data into _________ and _________. This is important so that logical
_____________ can be drawn.
If your conclusion does not support your hypothesis, you
must revise your ___________ or reconsider your ___________.
Experiments must be _____________. Findings are ____________ when other
scientists perform the ________ experiment and get the ________ results.
Sometimes what scientists are observing are too large,
small, etc. to see completely. In this
case, a scientists would use a ________ to represent an idea, event, or object
to help people better understand it. P. 11.
If scientist repeat an investigation and the results always
support the hypothesis, the hypothesis can be called a ________. It is an explanation of things or events
based on knowledge gained from many ____________ and investigation. A __________ accepted today may be discarded
in the future.
A _______________ is a statement about what happens in
nature and that seems to be true all the time.
They tell what _______ happen, but they dont explain _______ it
happens.
A _________ can be used to explain a _____.
Many people use the terms ________ and __________
interchangeably, but they are not the _________. _______________ is the application of science to help people.
Ex. light bulb
Section 2 Standards of Measurement
Objective
·
Name the prefixes used in SI and indicate what
multiple of ten each one represents.
·
Identify SI units and symbols for length, volume,
mass, density, time, temperature.
·
Convert related SI units.
A __________ is an exact quantity people agree to use for
comparison.
Why is it important to make measurements using a standard?
What measurement system was devised by a group of
scientists in the late 1700s?
In what year was the metric system improved upon?
The metric or SI system of measurement is used
worldwide. It is easy to use because it
is based on powers of ________ and is easy to convert from one unit to related
units.
What are some disadvantages of using SI?
p. 15 You will
need to be able to match up the prefix with its multiplying factor.
Nano prefix meaning .000001
Kilo prefix meaning .001
Centi
prefix meaning 1000
Deci prefix
meaning 100
Milli prefix meaning 10
Deka prefix meaning .10
Hecto prefix meaning .01
Micro
prefix meaning .000000001
Arrange the following measurements in order from largest to
smallest: Kilometer, millimeter, meter,
centimeter, micrometer.
p. 15 Know the base
units. Match up the following.
Unit of temperature kilogram(kg)
SI unit of time meter(m)
Basic SI unit of length second(s)
Basic SI unit of mass Kelvin(K)
Rules for Metric Conversion
1.
A measurement consists of two parts
2.
To convert from larger to smaller units, multiply.
3.
To convert from smaller to larger units, divide.
A beaker contains .32L of water. What is the volume in milliliters?
p.16, Math Skills Activity
The size of the unit you measure with depends on the size
of the ________ being measured. P. 17, Figure 13
The amount of space occupied by an object is called its
___________.
How do you measure the volume of a liquid and in what
units?
How do you measure the volume of a solid and in what units?
An mL and a cm3 are
equal to each other.
Units obtained by combining SI units are called
_________ Units.
Why is a cubic centimeter an example of a derived unit?
________ is the
amount of matter in an object.
________ is the
mass per unit volume of a material.
Density = mass
g or g
Volume mL cm3
______ is the interval between two events. It can be measured in ________, _______, or
__________.
There are three temperature scales: Kelvin, Celsius, and
Fahrenheit.
For most scientific work, temperature is measured on the
________scale. The SI unit of
temperature is the ___________ . Zero
on the Kelvin scale is the coldest possible temperature, -273oC, or absolute zero.
oC + 273 = K
P.21 Skill
Builder concept map of SI base units.
Other than time, how are SI units used in the United
States?
Section 3 Communicating with Graphs
Objectives
·
Identify three types of graphs and explain the
correct use of each type.
·
Distinguish
between dependent and independent
variables.
·
Analyze data using various types of graphs.
A visual display of information or data is a___ .
________ graphs are used to show trends or how the data
changes over time.
In an experiment, anything that changes is called a
variable. There are two kinds,
independent and dependent. An
independent variable is adjusted by the experimenter. It is placed on the ______ or ________of a graph. It is the most consistent variable. The dependent variable or the most
inconsistent variable is placed on the_______ or _______ .
p. 23, Figure 18
In a graph showing how the temperature of a material
changes over time, temperature change is the ____________ variable.
A________ graph is useful for comparing information
collected by counting. P. 25, Figure 20
A ______ or______graph is used to show how some fixed
quantity is broken down into parts.
Fill in the following table from the p. 26, Figure 21 graph.
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Why can a diagram like a graph be used as a model?
Example of Line graph and questions.