Objectives
·
Define substances and mixtures.
·
Identify elements and compounds.
·
Compare and contrast solutions, colloids, and
suspensions.
Matter can be classified by the four states or by the units
that they are made of. The properties
of materials can be used to classify them into general categories.
Matter is classified as ___________ and __________.
__________ cant be broken down into simpler components and
maintain its original properties, but ___________ can.
__________ are the units that make up all substances. An element is when all the atoms in a sample
of matter have the ____________.
When materials are made from atoms of two or more different
atoms, they are called _____________.
The ratio of the different atoms in a compound is always the _______; it
is fixed.
A __________ is either an element or a compound. Elements and compounds _______ be reduced to
more basic components by physical processes.
Materials made up of two or more substances that _________
be separated by physical means are called ____________. They do not always contain the same amounts
of the different substances that make them up.
A mixture in which different materials can be easily
distinguished is called a __________ ____________.
Examples p.521, Figure 5
____________ are materials in which two or more substances
are uniformly spread out. This is also
called a ____________. These solutions
never settle to the bottom of their containers. They remain __________ are uniformly mixed.
A ______________ is a heterogeneous mixture that never
settles. The _________ effect occurs in
all colloids when light is scattered by particles in a mixture.
Examples p.523, Figure 8 & 9
A heterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in which
visible particles settle is called a __________.
|
Description |
Solutions |
Colloids |
Suspensions |
Settle upon standing |
|
|
|
Separated by filterpaper |
|
|
|
Scatter Light |
|
|
|
p. 524
Thought Question If you are given a glass filled with ice
and water, are the contents of the glass a substance or a mixture? Explain
You are given a flask that contains 250ml of a clear brown
liquid. You shine a light through the
liquid and no light is visible. In the
following list of items, write Yes if that item could define the liquid. Write No if that item could not be a valid
inference.
______ Substance
______ Colloid
______ Solution of a solid in a liquid
______ Suspension
______ Solution of a liquid in a liquid
Fill in the following concept map on mixtures.
Mixtures
_________
_________
_______
_______
_________
_______
________
_________
Section 2 Properties of Matter
Objectives
·
Identify substances using physical properties.
·
Compare and contrast physical and chemical changes.
·
Compare and contrast chemical and physical
properties.
·
Determine how the law of conservation of mass
applies to chemical changes.
Examples of physical properties are ______, ________,
_______, ________, density, _______ point, and _______ point. Every substance has physical properties that
you can observe that distinguish it from other substances.
Some physical properties describe the behavior of a
material of a substance.
Examples magnetism, ductility, malleability, and the
ability to flow.
You can use physical properties to separate mixtures, but
not substances. P. 527
When a substance ________, _______, _________, _________,
or sublimes, it undergoes ______________ changes. ____________ occur during these changes in state, but the kind of
substance the __________ of the element or compound does not change. Physical changes do not change the _________
of the substances in a material.
Physical changes can be used to __________ mixtures.
Examples boiling point used in distillation process, p.
529, figure 14.
A change of one substance in a material to a different
substance is a ________________.
________ and __________ are chemical changes because _____ substances
are produced.
Thought Question Why are some medicines in dark bottles?
A ____________ property is a characteristic of a substance
that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change.
Example flammability, sensitivity to light, resistance to
corrosion
There is no ______ or ______ of mass during any chemical
change. Matter is neither _______ nor
___________ during a chemical change.
According to the ____________________, the mass of all
substances present during a chemical change _______ the mass of all the
substances remaining after the change.
p. 531, Math Skills
Weathering can involve physical or chemical changes.
Example of Physical flowing water shapes rocks.
Example of Chemical change in limestone, formation of
stalactites and stalagmites.