Animal Ingredients

Adrenaline:From adrenal glands of hogs, cattle, and sheep. In medicine. 
Alternative: synthetics.  



Albumen:   In eggs, milk, muscles, blood, and many vegetable tissues and fluids. In cosmetics, albumen is usually derived from egg whites. May cause allergic reaction. 
In cakes, cookies, candies, etc. Egg whites sometimes used in "clearing" wines.
Derivative: Albumin. 


Aliphatic Alcohol: (See Lanolin and Vitamin A.) 


Allantoin:    From cows, most mammals. Also in many plants (especially comfrey). In 
cosmetics (especially creams and lotions) and used in treatment of wounds and 
ulcers. 
Derivatives: Alcloxa, Aldioxa.   
Alternative: extract of comfrey root. 


Ambergris:    From whale intestines. Used as a fixative in making perfumes and as a
flavoring in foods and beverages. 
Alternatives: synthetic or vegetable fixatives. 


Amino Acids:  Animal or plant sources. In cosmetics, vitamins, supplements, shampoos,
etc. 


Aminosuccinate Acid:  (See Aspartic Acid.) 


Animal Fats and Oils:  In foods, cosmetics, etc. Highly allergenic. Plant derivatives 
are superior. 
Alternatives: olive oil, wheat germ oil, coconut oil, almond oil, safflower oil, etc. 


Animal Hair:  In some blankets, mattresses, brushes, furniture, etc. 
Alternatives: vegetable and synthetic fibers. 


Arachidonic Acid:  A liquid unsaturated fatty acid that occurs in liver, brain, glands, 
and fat of animals and humans. Generally isolated from animal liver. Used for nutrition
and to soothe eczema and rashes in skin creams and lotions. 


Arachidyl Proprionate:  Can be from animal fat. 
Alternative: vegetable oil. 


Aminosuccinate Acid: Can be animal or plant source (e.g., molasses). Sometimes synthesized
for commercial purposes.


Bee Pollen:  Collected from the legs of bees. Causes allergic reactions in some people. In 
nutritional supplements, shampoos,toothpastes, deodorants. 


Bee Products: Produced by bees for their own use. Bees are selectively bred. Culled bees are 
killed. A cheap sugar is substituted for their stolen honey. Millions die as a result. Their 
legs are often torn off by pollen-collection trapdoors. 


Beeswax: Honeycomb. From virgin bees. Very cheap and widely used but harmful to the skin. Some 
companies won't use beeswax as it doesn't permit the skin to breathe. In lipsticks and many 
other cosmetics (especially face creams, lotions, mascara, eye creams and shadows, face make-ups, 
nail whiteners, lip balms, etc.). Derivatives: Cera Na. 
Alternatives: Paraffin, vegetable oils and fats. Ceresin, Ceresine, Earth Wax. (Made from the 
mineral ozokerite. Replaces beeswax in cosmetics. Also used to wax paper, to make polishing 
cloths, in dentistry fortaking wax impressions, in candle-making.) Also, Carnauba wax (from 
the Brazilian palm tree; used in many cosmetics, including lipstick; rarely causes allergic 
reactions). Candelilla wax (from Candelilla plants; used in many cosmetics, including lipstick; 
also in the manufacture of rubber, phonograph records, in waterproofing and writing inks; no 
known toxicity). Japan wax (Vegetable wax. Japan tallow. Fat from the fruit of a tree grown in 
Japan and China.). 


Benzoic Acid:  In almost all vertebrates and in berries. In mouthwashes, deodorants, creams, 
aftershave lotions, etc. Alternative: gum benzoin (tincture) from the aromatic balsamic resin 
from trees grown in China, Sumatra, Thailand, and Cambodia. 


Biotin:  Vitamin H. Vitamin B Factor. In every living cell and in larger amounts in milk and 
yeast. Used in cosmetics, shampoos, and creams. 
Alternatives: plant sources. 


Blood:  From any slaughtered animal. Used as adhesive in plywood, also found in cheese-making, 
foam rubber, intravenous feedings, and medicines. Possibly in foods such as lecithin. 
Alternatives: synthetics, plant sources. 


Boar Bristles:  Hair from wild or captive hogs. In "natural" toothbrushes and bath and shaving 
brushes. Often come loose in mouth, creating dental problems. 
Alternatives: vegetable fibers, nylon, the peelu branch or peelu gum (Asian; available in U.S.; 
its juice replaces toothpaste). 


Bone Char: Animal bone ash. Used to make sugar white and is the charcoal used in aquarium 
filters. 
Alternatives: other processes. 


Bone Meal:  Animal bones. In some fertilizers. In some vitamins and supplements as a 
source of calcium. In toothpastes. 
Alternatives: plant mulch, vegetable compost, dolomite, clay, vegetarian vitamins. 


Caprylic Acid:  Can come from cow's or goat's milk. Also from palm and coconut oil, 
other plant oils. In perfumes, soaps. 
Derivatives: Caprylic Triglyceride, Caprylamine Oxide, Capryl Betaine. 


Caprylic Triglyceride:(See Caprylic Acid.) 


Carbamide:(See Urea.) 


Carmine: Cochineal. Carminic Acid. Red pigment from the crushed female cochineal 
insect. Reportedly 70,000 beetles must be killed to produce one pound of this red 
dye. Used in cosmetics, shampoos, red apple sauce, and other foods (including 
"natural" red lollipops and food coloring). May cause allergic reaction. 
Alternatives: beet juice (used in powders, rouges, shampoos; no known toxicity). 
Alkanet root (from the root of this herblike tree; used as a red dye for inks, 
wines, lip balms, etc.; no known toxicity. Can also be combined to make a copper 
or blue coloring). 


Carotene:  Provitamin A. Beta Carotene. Found in many animal tissues and in all 
plants. Used as a coloring in cosmetics and in the manufacture of vitamin A. 


Casein: Milk protein. In "non-dairy" creamers, many cosmetics, hair preparations, 
beauty masks. 
Alternatives: soy protein, soy milk, and other vegetable milks. 


Castor: Castoreum. From muskrat and beaver genitals. Used in perfume and incense. 
Alternatives: synthetics, plant sources. 


Catgut: Tough string from the intestines of sheep, horses, etc. Used for surgical 
sutures. Also for stringing tennis rackets and musical instruments, etc. 
Alternatives: nylon and other synthetic fibers. 



Cetyl Alcohol:  Wax found in spermaceti from sperm whales or dolphins. 
Alternatives: vegetable cetyl alcohol (e.g., coconut), synthetic spermaceti. 

Cholesterin: (See Lanolin.) 

Cholesterol:  A steroid alcohol in all animal fats and oils, nervous tissue, 
egg yolk, and blood. Can be derived from lanolin. In cosmetics, eye creams, 
shampoos, etc. 
Alternative: plant source. 

Choline Bitartrate: (See Lecithin.) 

Civet: Painfully scraped from a gland very near the genital organs of 
civet cats. (See Musk.) 

Cochineal: (See Carmine.) 

Cod Liver Oil: (See Marine Oil.) 

Collagen A: Fibrous protein in vertebrates. Usually derived from animal 
tissue. In cosmetics. Can't affect the skin's own collagen. 
Alternatives: soy protein, almond oil, amla oil (see alternative 
for Keratin), etc. 

Corticosteroid:  (See Cortisone.) 

Cortisone: Corticosteroid. Hormone from cattle liver. Widely used in 
medicine. 
Alternatives: synthetics. 

Cysteine, L-Form: An amino acid which can come from animals. Used in 
hair care products and creams, in some bakery products, and in 
wound-healing formulations. 
Alternatives: plant sources. 

Cystine: An amino acid found in urine and horsehair. Used as a 
nutritional supplement. 

Dexpanthenol: (See Panthenol.) 

Dimethyl Stearamine: (See Stearic Acid.) 

Down: Goose or duck insulating feathers. Often from slaughtered 
or cruelly exploited geese. Used as an insulator in quilts, parkas, 
sleeping bags, pillows, etc. 
Alternatives: polyester and synthetic substitutes, kapok (silky 
fibers from the seeds of some tropical trees) and milkweed seed pod fibers. 

Duodenum Substances: From the digestive tracts of cows and pigs. 
Added to some vitamin tablets. In some medicines. 
Alternatives: vegetarian vitamins, synthetics. 

Egg Protein: In shampoos, skin preparations, etc. 
Alternatives: plant proteins. 

Elastin: Found in the neck ligaments and aorta of cows. Similar to 
collagen. Can't affect the skin's own elasticity. 
Alternatives: synthetics, proteins from plant tissues. 

Ergocalciferol: (See Vitamin D.) 

Ergosterol:(See Vitamin D.) 

Estradiol: (See Estrogen.) 

Estrogen:Estrone. Estradiol. Hormones from cow ovaries and pregnant 
mares' urine. Considered a drug. Can have harmful systemic effects 
if used by children. Used for reproductive problems and in birth 
control pills. In creams and lotions. Has a negligible effect in 
the creams as a skin restorative; simple vegetable source emollients 
are considered better. 
Alternatives: oral contraceptives based on synthetic steroids or 
phytoestrogens (from plants; currently being researched). 

Estrone: (See Estrogen.) 

Fatty Acids: Can be one or any mixture of liquid and solid acids, 
caprylic, lauric, myristic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic. Used in 
bubble baths, lipsticks, soap, detergents, cosmetics, food. 
Alternatives: vegetable-derived acids, soy lecithin, safflower oil, 
bitter almond oil, sunflower oil, etc. 

Feathers: Generally from exploited and slaughtered birds. Used whole 
as ornaments or ground up in shampoos. 
(See Down and Keratin.) 

Fish Liver Oil: Used in vitamins and supplements. In milk fortified 
with vitamin D. 
Alternatives: yeast extract ergosterol and sunshine. 

Fish Oil:(See Marine Oil.) Fish oil can also be from marine mammals. 
Used in soap-making. 

Fish Scales: Used in shimmery make-ups. Garbage cans full of scales 
are sold to manufacturers. 
Alternatives: mica, rayon, synthetic pearl. 

Fletan Oil: Rare ingredient derived from fish liver that includes 
lecithin and vitamins A and D. 

Fur: Obtained from animals (usually mink, foxes, or rabbits) cruelly 
trappedin steel-jaw leghold traps or raised in intensive confinement 
on fur "farms." 

Gelatin: Gel. Protein obtained by boiling skin, tendons, ligaments, or 
bones with water. From cows and pigs. Used in shampoos,face masks, and 
other cosmetics. Used as a thickener for fruit gelatins and puddings 
("Jello"). In candies, marshmallows, cakes, ice cream, yogurts. On 
photographic film and in vitamins as a coating and as capsules. Sometimes 
used to assist in "clearing" wines. 
Alternatives: carrageen (carrageenan, Irish moss), seaweeds (algin, 
agar-agar, kelp--used in jellies, plastics, medicine), pectin from 
fruits, dextrins, locust bean gum, cotton gum, silica gel. Marshmallows 
were originally made from the root of the marsh mallow plant. Vegetarian 
capsules are now available from several companies. 

Glycerides:(See Glycerin.) 

Glycerin: Glycerol. A byproduct of soap manufacture (normally uses animal fat). 
In cosmetics, foods, mouthwashes, toothpastes, soaps, ointments, medicines, 
lubricants, transmission and brake fluid, and plastics. Derivatives: 
Polyglycerol, Glycerides, Glyceryls, Glycreth-26. 
Alternatives: vegetable glycerin--a byproduct of vegetable oil soap. 
Derivatives of seaweed, petroleum. 

Glyceryls: (See Glycerin.) 

Glycreth-26: (See Glycerin.) 

Guanine: Obtained from scales of fish. Constituent of ribonucleic acid 
and deoxyribonucleic acid and is found in all animal and plant tissues. 
In shampoo, nail polish, other cosmetics. 
Alternatives: leguminous plants, synthetic pearl, or aluminum and 
bronze particles. 

Hide Glue: Same as gelatin but of a cruder impure form. 
Alternatives: dextrins and synthetic petrochemical-based adhesives. 

Honey: Food for bees, made by bees. Can cause allergic reactions. 
In cosmetics and foods. Should never be fed to infants. 
Alternatives: maple syrup, date sugar, syrups made from grains such 
as barley malt, turbinado sugar, molasses.

Honeycomb: (See Beeswax.) 

Horsehair: (See Animal Hair.) 

Hydrolyzed Animal Protein: In cosmetics, especially shampoo and hair treatments. 
Alternatives: soy protein, other vegetable proteins, amla oil (see alternatives 
to Keratin). 

Imidazolidinyl Urea:  (See Urea.) 

Insulin: From hog pancreas. Used by millions of diabetics daily. 
Alternatives: synthetics, diet when possible, human insulin grown in a lab. 

Isinglass: A form of gelatin prepared from the internal membranes of fish bladders. 
Sometimes used in "clearing" wines and in foods. 
Alternatives: Bentoinite clay, "Japanese Isinglass," or agar-agar (see alternatives 
to Gelatin). Mica, a mineral used in cosmetics. 

Isopropyl Lanolate: (See Lanolin.) 

Isopropyl Myristate: (See Myristic Acid.) 

Isopropyl Palmitate:(See Stearic Acid.) Complex mixtures of isomers of stearic acid 
and palmitic acid. 

Keratin: From the ground-up horns, hooves, feathers, quills, and hair of various animals. 
In hair rinses, shampoos, permanent wave solutions. 
Alternatives: Almond oil, soy protein, amla oil (from an Indian tree's fruit). Rosemary 
and nettle give body and strand strength to hair. 

Lactic Acid: A byproduct of the slaughterhouse. Produced by the fermentation of lactose 
when milk sours or from sucrose and some other carbohydrates by the action of certain 
microorganisms. Can be found in blood and muscle tissue. In skin fresheners, as a 
preservative, in the formation of plasticizers, etc. In sour milk, beer, sauerkraut, 
pickles, and other food products made by bacterial fermentation. 
Alternative: plant milk sugars. 

Lactose:Milk sugar. Milk of mammals. In eye lotions, foods, tablets, cosmetics, baked 
goods, medicines. 
Alternative: plant milk sugars. 

Laneth: (See Lanolin.) 

Lanogene: (See Lanolin.) 

Lanolin:  Lanolin Acids. Wool Fat. Wool Wax. A product of the oil glands of sheep, extracted 
from their wool. In many skin care products and cosmetics, and in medicines. Some cosmetics 
companies won't use it because it commonly causes allergic reactions and skin rashes, and 
they consider it to be a cheap filler. Vegetable sources are thought to be better moisturizers
 -- lanolin is too greasy, waterproof, and sealing; skin can't breathe. (See Wool for cruelty 
to sheep.)
Derivatives: Lanolin Alcohols, Lanosterols, Triterpene Alcohols, Aliphatic Alcohols, Sterols, 
Lanogene, Laneth, Isopropyl Lanolate, Cholesterin. 

Lanolin Alcohol: (See Lanolin.) 

Lanosterols: (See Lanolin.) 

Lard:  Fat from hog abdomens. In shaving creams, soaps, cosmetics. In baked goods, French fries, 
refried beans, and many other foods. 
Alternatives: pure vegetable fats or oils. 

Leather: Suede. Calfskin. Sheepskin. Alligator skin. Other types of skin. Subsidizes the meat 
industry. Used to make wallets, handbags, furniture and car upholstery, shoes, etc. 
Alternatives: cotton, canvas, nylon, vinyl. 

Lecithin: Choline Bitartrate. In all living organisms. Frequently obtained for commercial 
purposes from eggs and soybeans. Also from nerve tissue, blood, milk, corn. Choline 
bitartrate, the basic constituent of lecithin, is in many animal and plant tissues or 
prepared synthetically. Lecithin can be in eyecreams, lipsticks, liquid powders, 
handcreams, lotions, soaps, shampoos, other cosmetics, and some medicines. 

Linoleic Acid:  An essential fatty acid. Used in cosmetics, vitamins. 

Lipase: Enzyme from the stomachs and tongue glands of calves, kids, and lambs. Probably 
in some vitamins. 
Alternatives: vegetable enzymes. 

Lipids: (See Lipoids.) 

Lipoids: Lipids. Fat and fat-like substances that occur in animals and plants. 

Marine Oil: From fish or marine mammals (including porpoises). Used in soap-making. 
Used as a shortening (especially in some margarines), as a lubricant, and in paint. 

Methionine: Found in various proteins. Used as a texturizer. 

Milk Protein: Hydrolyzed milk protein. From the milk of cows. In cosmetics, shampoos, 
moisturizers, conditioners, etc. 
Alternatives: soy protein, other plant proteins. 

Mink Oil:  From minks. In cosmetics, creams, etc. 
Alternatives: vegetable oils and emollients such as avocado oil, almond oil, and 
jojoba oil. 

Mono- and Diglycerides: Glycerides. (See Glycerin.) From animal fat. In margarines, 
cake mixes, candies, foods, etc. In cosmetics. 
Alternative: vegetable mono- and diglycerides. 

Musk (Oil): Painfully obtained from musk deer, beaver, muskrat, civet cat, otter 
genitals. Wild cats are kept captive in cages in horrible conditions; beavers are 
trapped; deer are shot; cats are whipped around genitals to produce the scent. In 
perfumes and in food flavorings. 
Alternatives: labdanum oil (which comes from various rockrose shrubs). Other 
plants have a musky scent also. Labdanum oil has no known toxicity. 

Myristal Ether Sulfate: (See Myristic Acid.) 

Myristic Acid: In most animal and vegetable fats. In butter acids. Used in 
shampoos, creams, cosmetics. In food flavorings.
Derivatives: Isopropyl Myristate, Myristyls, Oleyl Myristate, Myristal 
Ether Sulfate. 
Alternatives: nut butters, oil of lavage, coconut oil, extract from seed 
kernels of nutmeg, etc. 

Myristyls: (See Myristic Acid.) 

"Natural Sources." Can mean animal or vegetable sources. Most often in 
the health food industry, especially in the cosmetics area, it means 
animal sources, such as animal elastin, animal glands, fat protein, and oil. 

Nucleic Acids: In the nucleus of all living cells. Used in cosmetics, in 
shampoos, in conditioners, etc. Also in vitamins, supplements. 
Alternatives: plant sources. 

Ocenol:(See Oleyl Alcohol.)

Octyl Dodecanol: Mixture of solid waxy alcohols. Primarily from Stearyl Alcohol. 

Oleic Acid: Obtained from various animal and vegetable fats and oils. Usually 
obtained commercially from inedible tallow. In foods, in soft soap, bar soap, 
permanent wave solutions, creams, nail polish, lipsticks, many other skin 
preparations.
Derivatives: Oleyl Oleate, Oleyl Stearate. 
Alternatives: coconut oil. (See alternatives to Animal Oils and Fats.) 

Oleths: (See Oleyl Alcohol.) 

Oleyl Alcohol: Ocenol. Found in fish oils. Used in the manufacture of detergents, as 
a plasticizer for softening fabrics, and as a carrier for medications. 
Derivatives: Oleths, Oleyl Arachidate, Oleyl Imidazoline. 

Oleyl Arachidate: (See Oleyl Alcohol.) 

Oleyl Imidazoline: (See Oleyl Alcohol.) 

Oleyl Myristate:  (See Myristic Acid.) 

Oleyl Oleate: (See Oleic Acid.) 

Oleyl Stearate: (See Oleic Acid.) 

Palmitamide: (See Palmitic Acid.) 

Palmitamine:  (See Palmitic Acid.) 

Palmitate: (See Palmitic Acid.) 

Palmitic Acid: From fats, oils (see Fatty Acids). Mixed with stearic acid. Found in 
many animal fats and plant oils. In shampoos, shaving soaps, creams. Can come from 
palm oil, vegetable sources. Derivatives: Palmitate, Palmitamine, Palmitamide. 

Panthenol: Dexpanthenol. Vitamin B-Complex Factor. Provitamin B-5. Can come from 
animal or plant sources or synthetics. In shampoos, supplements, emollients, etc. 
In foods. Derivative: Panthenyl. 

Panthenyl: (See Panthenol.) 

Pepsin:  In hogs' stomachs. A clotting agent. In some cheeses and vitamins. Same 
uses and alternatives as Rennet. 

Placenta: Placenta polypeptides protein. Afterbirth. Contains waste matter 
eliminated by the fetus. 
Derived from the uterus of slaughtered animals. Animal placenta is widely 
used in skin creams, shampoos, masks, etc. 
Alternative: kelp. (See alternatives for Animal Fats and Oils.) 

Polyglycerol: (See Glycerin.) 

Polypeptides: Obtained from slaughterhouse wastes. 
Alternatives: plant proteins and enzymes. 

Polysorbates:  Derivatives of fatty acids. In cosmetics and foods. 

Pristane: Obtained from the liver oil of sharks and from whale 
ambergris. (See Squalene.) Used as a lubricant and anti-corrosive 
agent. In cosmetics. 
Alternatives: plant oils, synthetics. 

Progesterone: A steroid hormone used in face creams. Can have adverse 
systemic effects. 
Alternatives: synthetics. 

Propolis: Collected by bees. Needed for their protection. In toothpaste, 
shampoo, deodorant, supplements, etc. 
Alternatives: vegetable or synthetic. 

Provitamin A:(See Carotene.) 

Provitamin B-5: (See Panthenol.) 

Provitamin D-2: (See Vitamin D.) 

Quaternium 27:  From tallow. Found in deodorants, other skin care preparations. 

Rennet: Rennin. From calves' stomachs. Used in cheese-making, rennet custard 
(junket), and in many coagulated dairy products. 
Alternatives: microbial coagulating agents, bacteria culture, lemon juice, 
or vegetable rennet. 

Rennin: (See Rennet.) 

Ribonucleic Acid: (See RNA.) 

RNA: Ribonucleic Acid. Obtained from slaughterhouse wastes. RNA is in all 
living cells. Used in many protein shampoos and cosmetics. 
Alternative: plant cells. 

Royal Jelly: Secretion from the throat glands of the honeybee workers 
that is fed to the larvae in a colony and to all queen larvae. No proven 
value in cosmetics preparations. 
Alternatives: aloe vera, comfrey, other plant derivatives. 

Sable Brushes: From the fur of sables (weasel-like mammals). Used to make 
eye make-up, lipstick, and artists' brushes. 
Alternatives: synthetic fibers. Sea Turtle Oil. (See Turtle Oil.) 

Shark Liver Oil: Used in lubricating creams and lotions. 
Derivatives: Squalane, Squalene. 
Alternatives: vegetable oils. 

Sheepskin: (See Leather.) 

Silk: Silk Powder. Silk is the shiny fiber made by silkworms to form 
their cocoons. Worms are boiled in their cocoons to get the silk. 
Used in cloth. In silk-screening (other fine cloth can be and is 
used instead). Taffeta can be made from silk or nylon. Silk powder is 
obtained from the secretion of the silkworm. It is used as a coloring 
agent in face powders, soaps, etc. Can cause severe allergic skin 
reactions and systemic reactions (if inhaled or ingested). 
Alternatives: milkweed seed-pod fibers, nylon, silk-cotton tree and 
ceiba tree filaments (kapok), rayon, and synthetic silks. 

Snails:  In some cosmetics (crushed). 

Sodium Tallowate: (See Tallow.) 

Spermaceti: Cetyl Palmitate. Sperm oil. Waxy oil derived from the sperm 
whale's head or from dolphins. In many margarines. In skin creams, 
ointments, shampoos, candles, etc. Used in the leather industry. May 
become rancid and cause irritations. 
Alternatives: synthetic spermaceti, jojoba oil, and other vegetable 
emollients. 

Sponge (Luna and Sea): A plant-like animal. Lives in the sea. Becoming 
scarce. 
Alternatives: synthetic sponges, loofahs (plants used as sponges). 

Squalane:(See Shark Liver Oil.) 

Squalene: Oils from shark livers, etc. An emollient from "natural sources." 
It is a precursor of cholesterol in biosynthesis. In cosmetics, moisturizers, 
hair dyes, surface-active agents. 
Alternatives: vegetable emollients such as olive oil, wheat germ oil, rice 
bran oil, etc.

Stearamide: (See Stearic Acid.) 

Stearamine: (See Stearic Acid.) 

Stearamine Oxide: (See Stearyl Alcohol.) 

Stearates: (See Stearic Acid.) 

Stearic Acid: Fat from cows, sheep, dogs and cats from animal shelters, 
etc. Most often refers to a fatty substance taken from the stomachs of 
pigs. Can be harsh, irritating. Used in cosmetics, soaps, lubricants, 
candles, hairsprays, conditioners, deodorants, creams, chewing gums, 
food flavoring. Derivatives: Stearic Hydrazide, Stearamide, Stearamine, 
Stearates, Stearyl Betaine, Stearyl Imidazoline, Stearoyl Lactylic Acid, 
Stearone, Stearoxytrimethylsilane. 
Alternatives: stearic acid can be found in many vegetable fats, coconut. 

Stearic Hydrazide: (See Stearic Acid.) 

Stearone:  (See Stearic Acid.) 

Stearoxytrimethylsilane: (See Stearic Acid.) 

Stearoyl Lactylic Acid: (See Stearic Acid.)

Stearyl Acetate: (See Stearyl Alcohol.) 

Stearyl Alcohol: Sterols. A mixture of solid alcohols. Can be prepared 
from sperm whale oil. In medicines, creams, rinses, shampoos, etc. 
Derivatives: Stearamine Oxide, Stearyl Acetate, Stearyl Caprylate, 
Stearyl Citrate, Stearyl Glycyrrhetinate, Stearyl Heptanoate, Stearyl 
Octanoate, Stearyl Stearate, Stearyldimethyl Amine. 
Alternatives: plant sources, vegetable stearic acid. 

Stearyl Betaine: (See Stearic Acid.) 

Stearyl Caprylate: (See Stearyl Alcohol.) 

Stearyl Citrate:   (See Stearyl Alcohol.) 

Stearyl Glycyrrhetinate: (See Stearyl Alcohol.) 

Stearyl Heptanoate: (See Stearyl Alcohol.) 

Stearyl Imidazoline: (See Stearic Acid.) 

Stearyl Octanoate: (See Stearyl Alcohol.) 

Stearyl Stearate:  (See Stearyl Alcohol.) 

Stearyldimethyl Amine: (See Stearyl Alcohol.) 

Steroids: Sterols. From various animal glands or from plant 
tissues. Steroids include sterols. Sterols are alcohol from 
animals or plants (e.g., cholesterol). Used in hormone 
preparation. In creams, lotions, hair conditioners, fragrances, etc. 
Alternatives: plant tissues, synthetics. 

Sterols: (See Stearyl Alcohol and Steroids.) 

Suede:  (See Leather.) 

Tallow: Tallow fatty alcohol. Stearic acid. Rendered beef fat. May 
cause eczema and blackheads. In wax paper, crayons, margarines, paints, 
rubber, lubricants, etc. In candles, soaps, lipsticks, shaving creams, 
other cosmetics. Chemicals (e.g., PCB) can be in animal tallow. 
Derivatives: Tallow Acid, Tallow Amide, Tallow Amine, Tallow Glycerides, 
Tallow Imidazoline, Talloweth-6, Sodium Tallowate. 
Alternatives: vegetable tallow, Japan tallow, paraffin and/or ceresin 
(see alternatives for Beeswax for all three). Paraffin is usually from 
petroleum, wood, coal, or shale oil. 

Tallow Acid:  (See Tallow.) 

Tallow Amide:  (See Tallow.) 

Tallow Amine:  (See Tallow.) 

Tallow Glycerides: (See Tallow.) 

Tallow Imidazoline:(See Tallow.) 

Talloweth-6: (See Tallow.) 

Triterpene Alcohols: (See Lanolin.) 

Turtle Oil: Sea Turtle Oil. From the muscles and genitals of giant 
sea turtles. In soap, skin creams, nail creams, other cosmetics. 
Alternatives: vegetable emollients (see alternatives to Animal Fats and Oils). 

Tyrosine: Amino acid hydrolyzed from casein. Used in suntan products. 
Derivative: Glucose Tyrosinase. 

Urea: Carbamide. Excreted from urine and other body fluids. Also produced 
synthetically. In deodorants, ammoniated dentrifices, mouthwashes, hair 
colorings, hand creams, lotions, shampoos, etc. Used to "brown" baked goods, 
such as pretzels. 
Derivatives: Imidazolidinyl Urea, Uric Acid. 


Vitamin A: Can come from fish liver oil (e.g., shark liver oil), egg yolk, butter, 
lemongrass, wheat germ oil, carotene in carrots, and Synthetics. It is an 
Aliphatic Alcohol. In cosmetics, creams, perfumes, hair dyes, etc. In vitamins, 
supplements. 

Vitamin B Factor: (See Biotin.) 

Vitamin B-Complex Factor: (See Panthenol.) 

Vitamin B12: Usually animal source. Some vegetarian B12 vitamins are in a stomach base. 
Alternatives: some vegetarian B12-fortified yeasts and analogs available. Plant algae 
discovered containing B12, now in supplement form (spirulina). Also, B12 is normally 
produced in a healthy body. 


Vitamin D: Ergocalciferol. Vitamin D-2. Ergosterol. Provitamin D-2. Calciferol. Vitamin 
D-3. Vitamin D can come from fish liver oil, milk, egg yolk, etc. Vitamin D-2 can come 
from animal fats or plant sterols. Vitamins D-2 and D-3 may be from fish oil. All the 
D vitamins can be in creams, lotions, other cosmetics, vitamin tablets, etc. 
Alternatives: plant