Texas State Genealogy 
Helping folks discover their connections in Texas and beyond
Please contact us at txgenweb@yahoo.com

Texas State Genealogy, 5104 Evergreen Court, Austin, TX 78731
Listed with the Texas State Genealogy Library in Austin

 

DNA Basics

  • DNA is a molecule found in chromosomes in our cells.  It contains the information needed to create a new person.

  • There are three basic types of DNA of interest for genealogy:  Autosomal DNA, Mitochondrial DNA, and Y-Chromosome DNA.  Texas State Genealogy is only concerned with Y-Chromosome DNA. 

  • Only men have Y-Chromosome DNA, which is passed down from fathers to their sons and to their sons ... .

  • If two men descend from a common male ancestor, they will both have almost the same Y-Chromosome DNA.

  • Every time Y-Chromosome DNA is inherited from one's father, there is a slight chance of a "copy error."

  • The further back in time two males shared a common ancestor, the more chances  a "copy error" occurred.

  • DNA is like fingerprinting.  There are "points" of identification.  These points are called "markers."

  • By comparing the marker values of two males, we get an idea of how closely related they are related.

  • The more markers we test, the more points of identification we have to compare.

  • DNA testing consists of a swab from the inside of the mouth.  It is done at home and is perfectly painless.

  • The sample is mailed to a testing lab where it is analyzed.  The results take 6-8 weeks to come back.

  • A 12-marker DNA test provides enough points of identification to see if two males are connected.  The cost is $99.

  • A 25 marker DNA test can help sort males into separate family tree branches.  The cost is $169

  • A 37 marker DNA test provides the best resolution of connections within family branches.  The cost is $229.

  • DNA results also correspond to haplogroups.  Haplogroups represent a common set of markers.  Haplogroups are associated with geographical regions of the world, and give clues to one's deep ancestral origins. 

  • Surname projects let folks with common surnames share results. See the Little DNA Project for an example.

  • See also http://www.kerchner.com/dna-information.htm for more links and information. 

  • Contact us at txgenweb@yahoo.com to sign up for DNA testing.

Photos and content © 2005.  Not associated with www.txgenweb.org.