The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) defines psychoactive Substance Dependence as the
presence of at least three of the following symptoms for at least one month.
1.
The person uses more of the substance or uses it for a longer time that
intended.
“Alexa, what are you
doing?”
“Writing.”
“…Writing.” “Uh… drawing.” “A worksheet.” “Math! I’m doing
math!”
2.
The person recognizes excessive use of the substance and may have tried
to reduce it but has been unable to do so.
That’s it… I’m
going to stop. I need to stop writing. Okay. All right. So that’s all. I’m
going to stop now. *puts pencil down* *doesn't know what to do next* *picks
pencil back up*
So anyway, then ….
3.
Much of the person's time is spent in efforts to obtain the substance or
recover from its effects.
Pencil… need pencil!
And paper! Must have paper! I need to go to the store!
Ouch… writer’s cramp.
And my eyes are blurry.
4.
The person is intoxicated or suffering from withdrawal symptoms at times
when responsibilities need to be fulfilled, as school or work.
Yeah yeah I’ll finish
my art project as soon as I figure out something really horrible to do to my
protagonist.
5.
Many activities are given up or reduced in frequency because of the use
of the substance.
I don’t have time to go
see a movie; I need a word that rhymes with “lightning.”
6.
Problems in health, social relationships, and psychological functioning
occur.
Emily! It’s great to
see you. Was it you who told me… Oh, no, that was my character. Well remember
the other day when… oh… wait… that was my other character.
7.
Tolerance develops, requiring larger doses (at least a 50% increase) of
the substance to produce the desired effect.
Must write more! Aaaargh!
8.
Withdrawal symptoms develop when the person stops ingesting substances or
reduces the amount.
Could I just… hold the
pencil? Oh please, just… GIVE IT TO ME NOW!!
9.
The person uses the substance to relieve withdrawal symptoms. For
example, one may drink alcohol early in the morning because one feels withdrawal
symptoms coming on.
I’m going to want
to write during the test, I know, so I’d better go ahead and say something
right now while I have the chance.
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