| Abstraction - Ability to separate a quality from an object and to think or to perform symbolically. e. g., boat is concrete, sailing is abstract. Impaired in OMD, schizophrenia. Affect - Subjective feeling tone that accompanies an idea or mental representation; objective behavioral component described as blunted (severely reduced), flat (absent), restricted (reduced),, appropriate (harmonious), inappropriate (out of harmony), and labile (unstable), Aggression - Hostile or angry feelings, thoughts, or actions directed toward an object or person. Seen in impulse control disorders, explosive disorders, mania. Agitation - Tension state in which anxiety is manifested in psychomotor area with hyperactivity and general perturbation. Seen in depression, schizophrenia, mania. Amnesia - Loss of memory manifested by total or partial inability to recall past experiences. Retrograde (RA) Loss of past/remote/long-term memory. Occurs in dementia. Anterograde (AA) Loss of immediate/short-term memory. Occurs after trauma, drugi ntake, transient is chemic attack. Localized Loss of memory for an isolated event; not a total loss of memory; also referred to as acunar amnesia and patch amnesia. Seen in brain lesions, anxiety, fugue. Anhedonia - Absence of pleasure in acts that normally are pleasurable. Most common symptom in depression. Anxiety - Feeling of dread, impending doom. Seen in anxiety disorders. schizophrenia. Apathy - Lack of feeling, emotion, interest, or concern. Common in depression. Aphasia - Impaired or absent communication by speech, writing, or signs, due to dysfunction of brain centers in the dominant hemisphere. Apraxia - Disorder of voluntary movement, consisting of partial or complete incapacity to execute purposeful movements; motor and sensory systems intact. Ataxia - Inability to coordinate muscles in the execution of voluntary movement. Seen in cerebellar lesions, tardive dyskinesia. Automatism - Activity is carried out without person's conscious knowledge. Blocking - Sudden cessation in the train of thought or in the midst of a sentence also known as thought deprivation. Common in schizophrenia. Catalepsy - Inordinate maintenance of postures or physical attitudes synonymous with flexibilitas cerea or waxy flexibility. Seen in catatonic type of schizophrenia. Cataplexy - Temporary paralysis or immobilization. Catatonia - Type of schizophrenia characterized by periods of physical rigidity, negativism, excitement, and stupor. Clang association - Association, i.e., relationship, based on similarity of sound, without regard for differences in meaning. Common in mania. Clouding of consciousness - Impairment of orientation, perception, and attention. Seen in OMD. OMD = Organic Mental Disease. Cognition - Quality of knowing, including perceiving, recognizing, judging, sensing, reasoning, and imagining, Impaired in OMD, Mental retardation. Coma - Profoundest degree of stupor in which all consciousness is lost; no voluntary activity of any kind. Has organic basis. Compulsion - Irresistible impulse to perform an irrational act. Seen in impulse control and obsessive - obsessive disorders. Concrete thinking - Inability to form the whole from its partials inability to abstract, Seen in schizophrenia. Conflict - Mental struggle that arises from simultaneous operation of opposing impulses, drives, or external ( environmental ) or internal demands. Termed intrapsychic when conflict is between forces within the personality; termed extrapyschi when it is between the self and the environment. Consciousness - Awareness of one's own internal thoughts and feelings and ability to recognize external environment. Coprolalia - Involuntary utterance of vulgar or obscene words. Seen in Tourette's disorder. Deja entendu - Feeling that one is hearing or perceiving what one has heard before. Seen in anxiety disorders and fatigue. Déjà vu - Feeling that one is seeing or experiencing what one has seen before. Seen in anxiety disorders, fatigue. Delusion - False beliefs, i.e., not shared by others, that is firmly maintained, even though contradicted by social reality. Most common in schizophrenia. Grandiose delusion - Belief that once is possessed of greatness, Megalomania; such ideas are referred to as delusions of grandeur. Seen in schizophrenia, mania, tertiary syphilis. Depression - Feeling tone characterized by sadness, apathy, pessimism, and a sense of loneliness, Part of bipolar disorder, major depression. Disorientation - Loss of awareness of position of self in relation to space, time, or other persons; confusion. Dysarthria - Difficulty in speech production due to incoordination of speech apparatus. Dyskinesia - Any disturbance of movement. Echolalia - Imitative repetition of speech of another. Seen in schizophrenia Echopraxia - Imitative repetition of movements of another. Sometimes seen in catatonic schizophrenia. Euphoria - Exaggerated feeling of physical/emotional well-being usually of psychologic origin. Seen in OMD's and in toxic and drug-induced states. Fear - Unpleasant emotional and physiologic response to recognize sources of danger, to be distinguished from anxiety. Flight of Idea - Rapid shifting from one topic to another; also called topical flight; themes can sometimes be followed. Part of manic episode. Hallucination - Sensory perception for which there is no external stimulus. Seen in schizophrenia, toxic psychoses. Ideas of Reference - Incorrect interpretation of causal incidents and external events as directly referring to oneself. May reach sufficient intensity to constitute delusions. Ideas of unreality - Thoughts that events are artificial, illusory, unpredictable, or do not exist. Seen in schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, dissociative disorders. Illusion - Erroneous perceptional false response to a sensory stimulus. Seen in schizophrenia, toxic psychoses. Incoherence - Quality or state of being loose; lacking coherence. Intoxication - OMD due to recent ingestion or presence in the body of a chemical agent, causing maladaptive behavior because of its effect on the central nervous system. Loosening of associations - Various disturbances of associations that render speech (and thought) inexact, vague, diffuse, unfocused, One of Bleuler's four A's. Seen in schizophrenia. Magical thinking - Conviction that thinking equates with doing. Characterized by lack of realistic relationship between cause and effect. Occurs in dreams, children, primitive peoples, and patients under a variety of conditions. Seen in obsessive - compulsive disorder. Mood - Feeling tone, particularly as experienced internally by the person. Mood - Congruent: in harmony; mood - appropriate; ideas consistent with mood. Common in bipolar disorder. Mood - Incongruent: Mood - inappropriate; ideas out of harmony with mood. Common in schizophrenia. Mutism - Inability to speak. Common in catatonic schizophrenia. Fugue state Neologism - New word created by the patient, which is often a blend of other words. Seen in schizophrenia. Nihilism - Feelings of nonexistence and hopelessness. Common in depression. May assume delusional proportions. Obsession - Idea, emotion, or impulse that repetitively and insistently forces itself into consciousness, although it is unwelcome. Part of obsessive - compulsive disorder Orientation - Awareness of one's self in relation to time, place, and person. Lost in OMD. Panic - Sudden, overwhelming anxiety of such intensity that it produces terror and physiologic changes. Phobia - A morbid fear associated with extreme anxiety. Part of phobic disorder. Stilted Speech - Formal, stiff speech pattern. Stupor - State in which a person does not react to or is unaware of the surroundings. Due to neurologic or psychiatric disorders. In catatonic stupor, the unawareness is more apparent than real. Thought Broadcasting - Delusion about thoughts being aired to the outside world. Seen in schizophrenia. One of Schneider's first rank symptoms. Thought disorder - Disturbance of speech, communication, or content of thought, e. g., delusions, ideas of reference, poverty of thought, flight of ideas, perseveration, loosening of associations. Can be caused by a functional emotional disorder or an organic conditions. Characteristic of schizophrenia. Thought Insertion - Delusions that thoughts are placed into the mind by outside influences. One of Schneider's first rank symptoms, seen in schizophrenia. Tic - Sudden involuntary muscle movements. Seen in tic disorders. Verbigeration - Stereotyped and seemingly meaningless repetition of words or sentences. Word Salad - Mixture of words and phrases that lack comprehensive meaning or logical coherence. Commonly seen in schizophrenic states. Important Notice and Disclaimer: The above information is provided for the Role-players experience while taking on the post as the CNS or Ship's Counselor. This information is in no means to replace or attempt to counselor anyone that may have any form of Mental Illness to do so may cause much more harm than good and the person should be advised to seek a Trained Professional in the field of Psychiatry. Any advice given in the art of role-playing by a CNS to his/her's Client is just role-play and are not held accountable along with any members of the SFEF. Ref: Pocket Handbook of Clinical Psychiatry Harold I. Kaplan M.D & Benjamin. J. Sadock M.D. Information compiled by: Captain Kate Sadira M.D. SFEF Medical Division Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry. Vulcan Science Academy Stardate: 212734.48.633 September 25, 2002 |
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