CHAPTER 3:  MACROSCOPIC BASIS OF NEUROANATOMY  (Pons, Midbrain, & Cerebellum)

 

Pons

 

1. External Consideration
1. Ventral View

·        Level of Trigeminal Nuclei

·        Level of Facial/Abducens Nuclei

·        Collateral Eminence

·        Basilar Sulcus

·        Trigeminal CN

·        Auditory-Vestibular CN

·        Facial CN

·        Abducens CN

2. Dorsal View

·        Facial Colliculus (Abducens and Facial Nuclei)

·        Median Eminence

 

2. Internal Consideration
1. Level of Facial/Abducens Nuclei

·        4^th Ventricle

·        Spinal Nucleus and Tract of V

·        Reticular Formation

·        Facial Nucleus

·        Facial Fibers

·        Facial Nerve

·        Superior Olivary Nucleus

·        Abducens Nuclei

·        Abducens Fibers

·        Medial Lemniscus

·        Brachium Pontis

·        Ponto-cerebellar Fibers

·        Pontine Nuclei

·        Trapezoid Body

·        Corticofugal Fibers  (Corticospinal; Corticopontine; Corticobulbar)

·        Tegmentum and Basilar Portion

2. Level of Trigeminal Nuclei / Level of Trigeminal Nuclear Complex

·        Superior Medullary Velum (and Inferior Medullary Velum)

·        4^th Ventricle

·        Reticular Formation

·        Medial Lemniscus

·        Pontine Nuclei

·        Brachium Conjunctivum

·        Sensory Nucleus of V

·        Motor Nucleus of V

·        Trapezoid Body

·        Corticofugal Fibers

·        Entering Trigeminal CN

 

3. Importance of Tegmentum
4. Importance of Pons
5. Why Cortex / Cerebrum Communicates with Cerebellum?

 

 

Midbrain  (Mesencephalon)

 

1. External Consideration
1. Ventral View

·        Crus Ceribri

·        Interpeduncular Fossa

·        Oculomotor Nerve

·        Trochlear Nerve

§         Optic Nerve

§         Optic Tract

§         Optic Chiasm

§         Pituitary Stem

§         Mammillary Body

b.      Dorsal View

·      Superior Colliculus

·      Inferior Colliculus

 

2. Internal Consideration
1. Lower Midbrain:  Level of Inferior Colliculus

·        Tectum, Tegmentum, Crus Ceribri

·        Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus

·        Lateral Lemniscus

·        Periaqueducatal Gray

·        Cerebral Aqueduct

·        Nucleus of Trochlear Nerve

·        Medial Lemniscus

·        Substancia Nigra

·        Decussation of Brachium Conjunctivum

·        Reticular Formation

2. Upper Midbrain:  Level of Superior Colliculus

·        Nucleus of Superior Colliculus

·        Tecto-Spinal Fibers

·        Dorsal Tegmental Decussation

·        Red Nucleus

·        Rubro-Spinal Fibers

·        Ventral Tegmental Decussation

·        Nucleus of Oculomotor Nerve

·        PAG

·        Reticular Formation

·        Substancia Nigra

·        Medial Lemniscus

·        Crus Ceribri

]     Frontopontine Fibers

]     Corticospinal & Corticobulbar Fibers

]     Temperopontine, Parietopontine, & Occipitopontine Fibers

 

 

Cerebellum  (Dorsal Metencephalon)

 

1.      Primary & Secondary Brain Vesicles

 

3 Primary Brain Vesicles		5 Secondary Brain Vesicles
Rhombencephalon	"	Myelencephalon
		9  Medulla
	"	Metencephalon
		9  Pons
		9  Cerebellum
Mesencephalon	"	Mesencephalon
		9  Midbrain
Prosencephalon	"	Diencephalon
		9  Interbrain
	"	Telencephalon
		9  Cerebrum, Limbic System, Basal Ganglia, Olfactory Bulb

 

2.      External Consideration

·        Cerebellar Hemisphere

·        Vermis

·        Folia

·        3 Lobes of Cerebellum:

§         Flocculo-Nodular  (Archicerebellum)

§         Anterior  (Paleocerebellum)

§         Posterior  (Neocerebellum)

 

3.      Internal Consideration

1. Outer Layer:  Cerebellar Cortex  (Gray Matter)

·        Outer Molecular Layer

·        Layer of Purkinje Cell

·        Inner Granular Layer

b.      Inner Layer:  Corpus Medullare  (White Matter)

·        Climbing Fibers

·        4 Pairs of Cerebellar Nuclei:  Fastigial, Globose, Emboliform, & Dentate