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Date Revised:
12 July 2005


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Guidelines to Avoid Common Mistakes in Writing Experimental Research Reports:

Guidelines to Avoid Common Mistakes in Writing Experimental Research Reports:

 

1.       A research report is assumed to be read by a scientific community.  Thus, do not state information that are commonly known among them.  The entire report must be in the 3rd person format and should strictly follow formal English.  Do not use words like “we,” “us,” et.al.  Do not use overly simplistic statements that would deviate from the formality of the paper.  Observe continuity in format throughout the report.

2.       Experiments contribute to the evidences to prove or disprove theories.  Thus, avoid using conclusive words like “prove.”

3.       Running Head should state the category of your research, not a few words from your title.

4.       State only important information in the Abstract, which includes the purpose of your study, brief procedure, results (with values), and conclusion.  Do not state the obvious (e.g., Responses were recorded by the experimenters).

5.       Utilize the related literature and studies in you discussed in your Introduction as support to the discussion of your results in the Discussion section.

6.       Always follow good flow of discussion, especially in the Introduction section.  Always directly link your related literature and studies to the objective/purpose of your study, which is found in the latter part of the Introduction section.

7.       Briefly describe the Materials used and how the Design was operationally implemented in your study under the Method section.

8.       Do not state in future or past tense lingering information such as, gender and age of your participants.  This may mislead the readers to interpret your statement inaccurately.

9.       Do not explain how statistical tests will be computed.  The scientific community already knows how.  Explain why it was used in your study.

10.   “Statistics” is a field of study, just like “Mathematics.”  Thus, there is no singular form for this, no such word as, “Statistic.”

11.   Discuss the meaning of the Mean and Standard Deviation in the Results section.  Then briefly describe the resulting values of the statistical test used.

12.   Always end the Discussion section with either a conclusion to your experiment and/or recommendations/implications.

13.   Never include raw scores in your experimental research report.  Raw scores are only included in the Hypothesis Testing Appendix of the report and in case studies.

14.   Always state your direct references.  Parenthetical references, especially in the Introduction and Discussion sections of the research report and in the Conceptual Definitions of the experimental plan, must be integrated at all times to give credit to the author(s) of the quotation or paraphrased/borrowed ideas.

15.   All parenthetical references must be included in the References section of the report.  Include references you directly used in your report, do not copy the references stated by the author of the book, journal, website, etc. you used.

16.   Do not limit your references to websites.  Internet sources must not be used only as support to your main references such as, journals, books, periodicals, educational magazines, et.al.