References

Grange, K.R., Singleton, R.J., Goldberg, W.M., and Hill, P.J. (1991)  The Underwater Environment of Doubtful Sound:  Results from an Instrument Array Moored from November 1987 to June 1989.  New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Miscellaneous Publication #105, 32pp

Gibbs, M.T. (2001)  Aspects of the Structure and Variability of the Low-Salinity-Layer in Doubtful Sound, a New Zealand Fiord.  New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research (35): 59-72

Heath, R.A. (1984).  A Review of the Physical Oceanography of the Seas around New Zealand – 1982.  New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research (19):  79-124

Hendler, G.L. (1977).  Development of Amphioplus abditus (Verill) (Echinodermata: Ophiuridea):  I. Larval Biology.  The Biological Bulletin  (152):  51-63

Lamare, M.D., and Barker, M.F. (1999).  In situ Estimates of Larval Development and Mortality in the New Zealand Sea Urchin Evechinus chloroticus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea).  Marine Ecology Progress Series (180):  197-211

Lucas, J.S. (1973).  Reproductive and Larval Biology of Acanthaster planci (L.) in Great Barrier Reef Waters.  Micronesica (9):  197-203

Macrellis, H.M. (2001).  The Littleneck Clams that Couldn’t:  The New Zealand Littleneck Clam (Austrovenus stutchburyi) Population in Doubtful Sound and the Role of the Manapouri Power Plant in Influencing Clam Distribution.  MSc Thesis.  University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

McCully, D.M. (1996).  The Hydrology of Doubtful Sound:  A New Zealand Fjord.  MSc Thesis.  University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

McEdward, L.R. (1986). Comparative Morphometrics of Echinoderm Larvae. II. Larval Size, Shape, Growth, and the Scaling of Feeding and Metabolism in Echinoplutei.  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology (96): 267-286

Metaxas, A. and Young, C.M. (1998)  Behavior of Echinoid Larvae Around Sharp Haloclines:  Effects of the Salinity Gradient and Dietary Conditioning. Marine Biology (131): 443-459

Penchenik, J.A. (1987)  Environmental influences on larval survival and development.  IN:  Reproduction of Invertebrates vol. IX:  General Aspects:  Seeking Unity in Diversity (Giese, A.C., Pearse, J.S., and Pearse, V.B. eds)  Blackwell Scientific Publications.  Palo Alto, CA.  pp.551-608

Richmond, C.E. and Woodin, S.A. (1996)  Short-Term Fluctuations in Salinity:  Effects on Planktonic Invertebrate Larvae.  Marine Ecology Progress Series (133):  167-177

Scarrat, D.J., and Raine, G.E. (1967).  Avoidance of Low Salinity by Newly Hatched Lobster Larvae.  Journal of the Fisheries Resource Board of Canada 24(6): 1403-1406

Stanton (1984).  Some Oceanographic Observations in the New Zealand Fiords.  Estuarine, Coastal, and Shelf Science (19):  89-104

Stanton, B.R., and Pickard, G.L. (1981).  Physical Oceanography of the New Zealand Fiords.  New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir vol. 88

Stickle, W. M. and Diehl, W. J. (1987) Effects of Salinity on Echinoderms.  In: Echinoderm Studies vol. 2 (Jangoux, M and Lawrence, J.M. eds) A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.  Pg. 235-285

Underwood and Fairweather (1989).  Supply-side Ecology and Benthic Marine Assemblages.  Trends in Ecology and Evolution (4):  16-20

Watts, S.A., Sheibling, R.E., Marsh, A.G., and McClintock, J.B. (1982)  Effect of Temperature and Salinity on Larval Development of Sibling Species of Echinaster (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) and Their Hybrids.  Biological Bulletin (163): 348-354

Wing, S.R., Vasques, J., and Lamare, M.D. (2000).  Population Structure of Sea Urchins (Evechinus chloroticus) along Gradients in Benthic Productivity in the New Zealand Fiords.  Echinoderms 2000:  569-575




                     
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